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Master of Arts (Research) / An account of the critical reception of Ford's plays in the Romantic Period, in which the influence of Longinus's notions of the sublime is emphasized.

Contextualized within the discourse of United States nationalism, particularly the idea of Manifest Destiny in the nineteenth century, contemporary Native American representations from Victor Masayesva (Hopi) and Chris Eyre (Cheyenne/Arapaho) are counter-hegemonic since their representations interrogate stereotypes about Indians as "timeless," "props" who create "color background" for the dominant imagination. For example, in Imagining Indians (1992), Masayesva presents a range of interrogating viewpoints concerning the exploitation, commodification, and Hollywood set treatment of Native Americans. Here, the interviewees are not passive objects but active subjects who interrogate the dominant culture's assumptions about Indians. At the end of his film, images of various nineteenth-century tribal leaders constructed from George Catlin are destroyed through computer graphic manipulation. The camera's possessive gaze is also de-naturalized and rendered powerless. Chris Eyre uses a different representational tactic than Masayesva. Eyre's Skins (2002) seeks to build counter-hegemonic community through the love between two brothers. Despite rampant unemployment, poverty, and alcoholism, the brothers' love sustains them and their family and thus helps them to survive in the fractured community of Pine Ridge. Here, the Lakota philosophy concerning the cultural concepts of tisospaye ("your clan or family") and oyate ("your people") are significant since these ideas help the brothers to overcome personal struggles with alcoholism and the effects of the trickster figure of Iktomi. In the ultimate act of countering the magisterial gaze of U.S. nationalism, Skins ends with the cathartic throwing of blood-ret paint on George Washington in America's much-vaunted Mount Rushmore. In short, these contemporary representations from two key Native American filmmakers are counter-hegemonic since they assert agency in showing "get real" images of Indians and thus building community in the face of domination.

Master of Arts (Research) / An account of the critical reception of Ford's plays in the Romantic Period, in which the influence of Longinus's notions of the sublime is emphasized.

Submitted by Jesiel Ferreira Gomes (jesielgomes@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-24T23:59:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALLAN KARDEC DA SILVA PEREIRA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2015.pdf: 6621130 bytes, checksum: 93a2ef91fcf44975891d891a1c29203a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-24T23:59:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALLAN KARDEC DA SILVA PEREIRA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2015.pdf: 6621130 bytes, checksum: 93a2ef91fcf44975891d891a1c29203a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04 / Capes / O presente estudo aborda a imagem do índio no cinema de John Ford. Para além de uma mera descrição dos filmes, empreendemos uma modalidade de análise que também se detém aos aspectos de produção do filme, sua circulação e consumo, além do seu poder de provocar pensamentos sobre os indígenas e a história americana. Dessa forma, cientes de que a imagem é atravessada por inúmeras temporalidades, que se digladiam em seu interior, destacamos o que Georges Didi-Huberman vai chamar de imagens sintomáticas, que nos permitiram pensar a sobrevivência de formas da tradição western, inventada no século XIX. O uso que fazemos de diversas figuras, entretanto, procura fugir de sua típica instrumentalização como “ilustração” do discurso escrito. As imagens em nosso estudo, por outro lado, aparecem enquanto propositoras de pensamento ao texto. Inicialmente, empreendemos uma análise de como o western é inventado enquanto tradição no século XIX nos Estados Unidos. Em seguida, discutiremos como esse arquivo de imagens sobrevive no cinema de John Ford, desde o filme O Cavalo de Ferro, em 1924, até Crepúsculo de uma Raça, em 1964. Quanto à temporalidade foi preciso apropriar-se do modelo anacrônico de análise das imagens defendido por Georges Didi-Huberman. Do mesmo modo, com Etienne Samain, buscamos discutir como essas imagens pensam e nos convocam a pensar os índios, esse Outro de que falamos. / This study addresses the image of the Indian in the John Ford cinema. Beyond a mere description of the films, we undertook a mode of analysis that also owns the film production aspects, circulation and consumption, in addition to their ability to provoke thoughts on Indigenous and American history. Thus, aware that the image is crossed by numerous temporalities that battle it out inside, we highlight what Georges Didi-Huberman will call symptomatic images which allow us to think the survival of the western tradition forms, invented in the nineteenth century . Our use of several figures, however, seeks to escape his typical instrumentation as "illustration" of the written speech. The images in our study, on the other hand, appear as propositoras of thought to the text. Initially, we undertook an analysis of how the western tradition is invented while in the nineteenth century in the United States. Then discuss how this image file survives in the John Ford film, from the movie The Iron Horse in 1924 to Cheyenne Autumn in 1964. As for the temporality had to take ownership of the anachronistic model of analysis of images defended by Georges Didi -Huberman. Similarly, with Etienne Samain, we discuss how these images think and summon us to think the Indians, this Other that we speak.

Thesis (M.A.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

‘Chastity on the Early Modern English Stage’ seeks to explain the relationship between tragicomedy’s brief and short-lived English popularity and the royal cult of chastity which spanned exactly the same historical time-frame. This study attempts to define a cultural movement which influenced the political, religious, social, intellectual, aesthetic, and medical fields in the first half of the seventeenth-century and argues that the narrative tropes which structured, and assisted the spread of, the post-Elizabethan cult of chastity were the same tropes governing the tragicomedies so popular in the period. The arguments made for tragicomedy are speculatively extended to all generic forms, with the intention of expanding an area of scholarship still dominated by formalist analysis. By focussing on narrative tropes and locating them within both fictional and non-fictional texts and in the presentation and discussion of significant events (from medical discoveries to liturgical arrangements and royal birthing rituals) this thesis aims to illustrate that the human and cosmic visions articulated by different dramatic genres were as relevant to early modern lives outside the theatre as they were to those within it. Genre is thus less a description of a text’s formal characteristics and more a set of truths governing certain human experiences both in texts and in life. Focussing on Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale, two plays by John Ford, Caroline court masques and birthing rituals, Milton’s A Maske and a number of non-professional performances (from the Earl of Castlehaven’s trial to William Harvey’s demonstration of the circulation of the blood), ‘Chastity on the Early Modern English Stage’ describes the four tropes of chastity and their place in tragicomic experience from the death of Elizabeth I to the beheading of Charles I. While Charles’s death and the closure of the theatres are crucial reasons for the abrupt end of the cult of chastity and tragicomedy, this thesis argues that cause must also be attributed to the efforts of pro-Parliamentary and Puritan writers who, throughout the 1630s and 1640s, sought to claim the tropes of chastity for their own rhetoric and cause. Their success resulted in a redefinition of chastity as masculine, individuated, Parliamentarian, Protestant, intellectual, civic and prosaic instead of Catholic, royal, spectacular, feminised, Marian, pietised, and theatrical.

This thesis is inspired by an ending—that of a cowboy hero riding away, back turned, into the setting sun. That image, possibly the most evocative and most repeated in the Western, signifies both continuing adventure and ever westward motion as well as a restless lack of final resolution. This thesis examines the ambiguous endings and the conditions leading up to them in two film Westerns of the 1950s, George Steven's Shane (1953) and John Ford's The Searchers (1956). Fascinatingly, the tension and uncertainty conveyed throughout these films is also characteristic of life in modernity, a connection which has previously gone overlooked. In my analysis, I study the ties between the postwar film Western and the philosophy of modernity to interpret these works in a new light, illuminating their generic context and their understudied philosophic dimensions. This reading highlights these films' continued relevance, showing how they have enabled creators and audiences to reflect on experiences of modernity in the idiom of the celluloid century.

Das Hauptziel der Arbeit ist die Rekonstruktion der sozialen und kulturellen Rahmenbedingungen, unter denen dramatische Stücke zwischen Shakespeares Tod im Jahre 1616 und der Schließung der Theater im Jahre 1642 produziert wurden. Mithilfe einer Vielfalt zeitgenössischer Quellen erfolgt eine Rekonstruktion des historischen Kontextes aus zeitgenössischer Sicht. Die Arbeit analysiert wer die Menschen waren, für die Shakespeares Nachfolger ihre Stücke für die öffentlichen und privaten Bühnen Londons schrieben. Des Weiteren stellt die Arbeit dar, wie der Gang ins Theater in einer bisher von der Forschung nur wenig beachteten Epoche aussah und zeigt auf, wer genau in diesen Jahren ins Theater ging und wie diese Zuschauer und ihre Erwartungen an die Bühne durch eine Vielzahl externer und stetig wechselnder kultureller, politischer und sozialer Faktoren (z.B. Bärenhatzen, Prostitution, Hinrichtungen etc.) beeinflusst wurden. Zudem liegt ein weiteres Hauptaugenmerk der Arbeit darauf, wie die drei Autoren John Ford, Richard Brome und James Shirley in den Prologen und Epilogen zu ihren Stücken die Gegenwart der Zuschauer thematisiert und die Entwicklung des frühneuzeitlichen Theaters metadramatisch und selbstreflexiv angesprochen haben.

In this comparative examination of cinematic representations of American and Brazilian wildernesses, I argue for the necessity of a transnational, postregional, and ecocritical approach to film studies. The way that the deserts of the American West are represented by Hollywood Western filmmakers reveal underlying ecological and political philosophies, and provide a productive contrast with representations of the sertão, a similarly arid biome in Brazil. Among other theoretical approaches, this study uses W. J. T. Mitchell’s idea of “landscape” as a verb to examine the formal devices by which filmmakers and audiences “landscape” these “wildernesses.” Using John Ford’s The Searchers (1956) as an example, I suggest that Hollywood Westerns inscribe the land with a colonial gaze that reflects and perpetuates a dualistic conception of nature, one that sees nature as separate and distinct from humankind. Cinema Novo, the radical anticolonial movement in Brazilian cinema, provides an aesthetic and philosophical alternative. Through an analysis of one of Cinema Novo’s foundational works by one of its founding figures—Glauber Rocha’s Deus e o diabo na terra do sol [Black God, White Devil] (1964)—I demonstrate how the theory and practice of Rocha’s anticolonial “aesthetic of hunger” has an ecological dimension, one that rejects and collapses a binary opposition between humans and nature. By looking beyond borders which too often function not only as national boundaries but to delimit fields of academic study, this project finds common ground for comparison in representations of nature, and demonstrates the political and ecological implications thereof.