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La recherche menée dans le cadre de cette thèse aborde la thématique des transferts de compétences. Plus précisément, notre recherche vise à étudier les transferts de compétences dans le cadre de relations inter-organisationnelles spécifiques, celles qu’entretiennent les joint-ventures euro-algériennes avec leurs entreprises mères européennes.La phase empirique de cette recherche a été menée dans un cadre international, en Algérie.Les résultats que nous avons présenté ont été obtenus à différents niveaux : construits théoriques à partir de la revue de littérature, modification ou validation des construits théoriques et élaboration de nouveaux construits sur la base des résultats empiriques de l’étude qualitative. Afin de mener l’ensemble des analyses à chacun de ces niveaux, nous avons  structuré l’étude des transferts de compétences suivant plusieurs dimensions : les compétences en tant qu’objet du transfert, les outils du transfert de compétences, l’organisation de la méthode de transfert, les difficultés du transfert et l’efficacité du transfert.L’apport théorique de la thèse est représenté à travers la synthèse des différents concepts mobilisés, mais également via l’identification d’une typologie des différentes méthodes de transfert, l’analyse et la classification des outils de transfert et la détermination des principaux éléments exerçant une influence sur le processus de transfert. Parallèlement, nos contribution managériales se situent, non seulement au niveau des partenaires, mais également au niveau du gouvernement local (ici : le gouvernement algérien) qui a besoin d’informations fiables lui permettant de mieux réglementer sa politique d’investissement. Mieux connaitre les difficultés du transfert de compétences, ses avantages stratégiques, les méthodes et les outils qui les accompagnent peut conduire à avoir recours à ce mode de management. Cela permet également de mieux organiser le transfert de sorte à tirer le meilleur parti de son potentiel stratégique. / The research conducted as part of this thesis addresses the topic of competencies transfer. More specifically, our research aims to study the transfer of competencies through specific inter-organizational relationships, those between Euro-Algerian joint ventures and their European parent companies.    The empirical phase of this research was conducted in an international context, Algeria.The results we presented were obtained at different levels : theoretical constructed from the literature review, modification or validation of theoretical constructs and development of new constructed on the basis of the empirical results of the qualitative study. In order to carry out all the analyzes on each level, we have structured the study of transfer of competencies along several dimensions: competencies as an object of transfer, tools competencies transfer, organization of the transfer method, the difficulties of transfer and transfer efficiency.The theoretical contribution of the thesis is illustrated through the synthesis of different concepts used, but also by identifying a typology of different transfer methods, analysis and classification tools transfer and identifying the main elements influencing the transfer process.Meanwhile, our managerial contributions are not only at the partner, but also the local government level (here: the Algerian government) who need reliable information enabling it to better regulate its investment policy. Better understand the difficulties of transferring competencies, strategic advantages, methods and tools that accompany them can lead to resort to this method of management. It also helps to organize the transfer so as to maximize its strategic potential.

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Abstract The main purpose of this research & analysis report is to suggest a working model between a world leading connector distribution firm and a world leading connector manufacturer firm that will guide them to improved sales performance, increased profitability, and higher levels of customer satisfaction. However, a lack of trust and commitment is keeping them from accomplishing these outcomes. Without trust, there is no commitment. Without commitment, there can be no meaningful change. The method of this research is to first analyze the theories developed in the past for working partnership between distribution firms and manufacturer firms and then, the empirical studies conducted for the same period of time. Among the theories and empirical studies, we focus on how to bond the relationship by using influence (or power), dependence, functional conflict, and cooperation. More specifically, these factors or variables are somewhat related to idiosyncratic investments and contractual terms which provide the two parties with the options to compare pros and cons of taking the next step for relationship bonding. Other ways that may affect their common interest are to form a strategic alliance or joint venture that will provide a competitive advantage for both companies to win the business in this highly competitive environment. At the end of this research, we use a case study to represent potential relationship issues that still go on in today¡¦s business environment which occurred decades ago. Then, we apply the theories and studies and provide suggestions to both leading connector distributor and manufacturer on how to strengthen working relationship in today¡¦s competitive business environment.

Up to date, the biggest challenge of Taiwan¡¦s medical device industry is that the major market was occupied by international companies which directly hold the research and development, manufacture and selling. In addition, the medical devices have the properties in producing few products with diverse forms, research and development with complicating technology and high threshold in the application of product license. As the domestic market in Taiwan is quite small, small and medium-sized enterprises are the mainscales of Enterprises' Operating Capacity here. The chosen of joint venture of two enterprises through strategic cooperation may be one solution to survive in such ecology and play their good in order to create the core value supporting the goal of sustainability for business management. According to the policy considerations, the biotechnology and medical treatment industry are as the important issue in ECFA agreement between Taiwan and mainland China in 2010. All together, there are hundreds and thousands of opportunities for merger, acquisitions and strategic alliance within this industyin the foreseeable future. This study was based on the study case of the 32-years-old Excelsior. It began with dialysis market-oriented industry and then branched out into all the medical equipment industry. Through strategic co-operation, it expanded to become a medical integration platform providing services regarding to comprehensive roles from trade to hospital management. It accommodates the full range of downstream applications for Medical Engineering Services, Pharmaceutical warehousing and logistics, Procurement and supply, and health care management. Although the Excelsior has been to China ten years ago, it fails to succeed and returns back. In 2011, Excelsior makes the joining venture cooperates with the biggest pharmaceutic distributor in China, Sinopharm focuses on four major medicalterritory that are dialysis, medical cosmetic, dentistry and health-check, and approaches the 5000 billion market in Health-Care-Reform offered by the 12th-Five year-plan of China. However, this time it attempts a come back to become the most valuable of the integrated medical and health industry in Asia. Through study on the history and outcome of joining venture between Excelsior and Sinopharm in the field of medical device industry, this thesis addresses factors that will affect business innovation integrated and product line expression. Through studying the case of Excelsior on its background, history of Strategic cooperation¡B integrated product line¡Bfinancial management and experience of success or failure in the past may provide the reference for the development of Taiwan medical device industry.

Since Taiwan became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the government has opened the market for foreign contractors to tender for major public works within the country. Some of the international construction companies from Germany, Japan, Malaysia, Holland, Korea, Singapore etc had set up their branch office in Taiwan to compete ambitiously with the local construction companies . Many exclusive investment projects in Taiwan was implemented in bigger scale since 1998. For instance , among the 11 packages of the Kaohsiung Metropolitan Mass Rapid Transit (KMRT) Project, the smallest package is worth NTD 500 million while the biggest package amounting to NTD 900 million. Such projects characterized by its large size, huge capital injection, high technical expertise requirement, sophisticated system consolidation as well as multiple interfacing works which is beyond the capabilities of the local traditional construction companies . Partnership especially joint venture with foreign construction companies has became a better resolution for local construction companies . Although joint venture has the advantages of risk sharing, technology transfer , professional advice and profit sharing, however the differences in culture of the joint venture companies, management style, financial strength, expertise and size of related companies has caused a number of problems and uncertainties. This dissertation was an in-depth study on risk assessment of international contractor in a joint venture company implementing one of the packages of KMRT projects. Based on the information collected, interviews with the executives and various analysis, it can be summarized as below : - External risk factors: Foreign contractors should evaluate the possibility on change of related laws and strategies by the local government in order to formulate a versatile contingency plan. They should be more selective while choosing a local partner. This partner should have the first hand information with respect to the local resources, good relationship with local community and politician to reduce the non-professional risk. They should be more conservative on the evaluation of the local government administrative performance. Project risk factors: There should be ample time allocated to discuss the Main Contract Agreement . It is suggested to be carried out in two stages : Firstly, a simplified main contract to be drafted. Secondly, a more define and explicit addendum to main contract to be appended progressively so that every aspect of the contractual issues can be studied and discussed in great detail . This will provide a fair basic for interpretation of the main contract for client and the main contractor ( JV). The right and liabilities on land acquisition, demolition of landed properties , compensation to the owners, construction period, delay and various contractual claim issues should be scrutinize thoroughly. Internal risk factors : The project execution strategies should be prepared and accepted collectively to avoid misunderstanding on technology transfer, safety & quality assurance, progress control and profit distribution among the members of the Joint Venture during the course of the works.

As the component partners of the international joint venture (JV) are from different nationalities of which have the diversities of cultural and concepts and the other factors of societies or the political impact. All these factors not only increased the complexity in organization management, but also reduced efficiency of organization. The case company is an international JV specialized in the field of Environmental protection with professionalism recognition and reputation in Taiwan. The mutual cooperation between both parties mainly based on project execution with the foreign joint venture company providing specialized technique and know-how assistance in project execution. And the case company responsible for internal management mechanism and daily operation under mutual common consensus. However, learning after the execution of few joint venture projects, we found out further improvements could be taken in considering of the diversity of culture, concepts and management from both sides. This research is focused on how to efficiently implement the value of JV and gain competitive advantages via case study, the research conclusion summarized as below. 1.The cultural diversity from both sides mainly displays on ideology as well as the values aspect. Therefore, to enhance understanding with each other is necessary in order to effectively reduce the cultural diversity from both sides. To minimize the cultural diversity will increase harmony in communication and coordination and promote higher chance to avoid the possibility of potential conflicts. 2.Before the cooperation taking place, both parties should align their concepts in company goal as well as strategy, management, operation etc., to ensure the achievement of win-win situation. 3.The experience shares: The knowledge exchange and sharing will be contributive to both sides in the way of more understanding both present situations. In the process of mutual cooperation, the occurrences of miscommunication can be attributable to the foreign joint venture company does not fully understand the local market trend and is doubtful about its potential risks. To optimize the joint venture company to have a comprehension of Taiwan enterprises and to share the experiences gained from previous mutual cooperation to facilitate mutual understanding in view of each other standpoint. 4.Increases own organization wisdom capital: The foreign joint company indeed has more specialized technology and finance resources and always takes trust attitude on mutual cooperation. Nevertheless, the foreign joint company still has the hesitancy on the executive capability of project experiences of the case company. The case company should accelerate to accumulate its own organization wisdom capital on professionalism and the technical knowledge in order to lowering risk appraisal by the foreign joint venture company. In this regard, the case company could create more opportunities of mutual cooperation in future special case cooperation in terms of utilizing its own wisdom capital.

The thesis is meant to present some aspect of one of the most important processes happening in the nowadays business world -- globalization, inseparable part of which is business expansion to new markets. The main goal of the thesis is to get to know core methods of the expansion and to choose one (or more), which is more applicable and effective from the point of view of Russian company, which plans to start working on the Czech logistic market. Basic methods of market expansion, their comparison and critical factors of success are part of this paper. The thesis contains strategic analysis of the logistic sector and calculations of the main ways to meet the goals of the company. According to the requirements of the firm, from behalf of which the issue was studied, there are two main options: to acquire existing company or to start a joint venture. The thesis includes business valuation of chosen Czech firm and prognosis of the joint venture option. In conclusion there are summarized main findings and pros and cons of each option.

This dissertation examines debt ratios, profitability, and commercial activity of the following hospitals: (i) for-profit hospitals [FP hospitals], (ii) nonprofit hospitals engaging in joint ventures [JV NP hospitals], and (iii) nonprofit hospitals that do not engage in joint ventures [Non-JV NP hospitals]. Financial variables are measured using Form 990 tax return data of nonprofit hospitals and audited financial statements of for-profit hospitals. The purpose of the study is to compare: (1) JV NP hospitals versus FP hospitals and (2) JV NP hospitals versus Non-JV NP hospitals. Potential similarities between FP and JV NP hospitals may indicate nonprofit partners are becoming indistinguishable from for-profit entities, which may further call into question the applicability of tax-exempt status for these nonprofit hospitals. Results indicate significant differences exist in debt ratios between FP and JV NP hospitals. A lack of significant differences in profitability lends support to the argument that JV NP hospitals may exhibit similarities in financial characteristics to for-profit hospitals. Regarding comparisons within the nonprofit sector, significant differences were found in profitability and unrelated business income percentages. Differences in debt ratios were not found between the two groups - which fail to support Internal Revenue Service (IRS) arguments that there is something 'special' about JV NP hospitals. JV NP hospitals reported lower profitability on all measures than Non-JV NP hospitals. Findings of lower profitability are consistent with arguments that JV NP hospitals are attempting to improve their financial condition by partnering with for-profit hospitals. Significant differences were not found in contributions received as a percentage of total revenue between the nonprofit hospital groups. This dissertation contributes to existing literature that compares nonprofit and for-profit hospitals through reliance on tax return data of nonprofit hospitals. Tax returns serve as a primary source for the public and IRS to scrutinize a nonprofit organization's financial operations. The IRS uses tax return data to evaluate a hospital's activities, measure its charitable activities and scrutinize the organizations' tax-exempt status. Investigating these differences using actual tax return data provides support to the argument that nonprofit hospitals engaging in joint ventures exhibit similarities to for-profit hospitals. / Ph. D.

Projects in real estate development are commonly associated with failures in attaining clients’ expectations in terms of time, cost and quality. At the same time, the real estate and construction industry in Sweden is recognized as traditional and sometimes characterized by few and dominant actors leading to low competitiveness. The project based environment often results in temporary business agreements creating exposure for opportunistic behavior between actors. Also, growing complexity and occurring economic uncertainty make the capital intensive property development sector exposed to high risk. These challenges create a demand for new business strategies and deeper collaborations among actors. Further, research has suggested joint ventures as a strategy to enhance project performance and solve adversarial relationships. The thesis aims to give an amended knowledge of vertical joint ventures application in the real estate and construction industry in Sweden. This includes examining the current use, identifying motives and analyzing the potential application to explore organizational and market implications of joint ventures. Therefore, the research utilized a qualitative method where different actors from various perspectives was interviewed. Results show that a typical vertical joint venture formation is a separated equity entity, consisting of two parent firms, often between a property manager and a property developer, with equal ownership and decision making. The study indicates that the most common motives to form a vertical joint venture are risk sharing, financial purposes and accessing competencies and resources. Findings implicate that financial purposes are usually associated with property developers and complementary competencies are often the primary motive for property managers. However, for a vertical joint venture to be successful, mutual trust and joint primary goals between joint venture parents are decisive. In addition, a suitable vertical joint venture project has to be of large scope in terms of risk, complexity, size, duration or cost, to compensate for administrative costs the structure induces. Further, findings show that vertical joint ventures can be an efficient business formation to align incentives and decrease opportunism as well as it can enable firms to undertake projects beyond their financial capacity and competencies. / Fastighetsutvecklingsprojekt misslyckas ofta motsvara beställarens förväntningar vad gäller tid, kostnad och kvalitet. Samtidigt betraktas den svenska bygg och fastighetssektorn som konservativ där få och stora aktörer ofta dominerar marknaden vilket gör det svårt för mindre aktörer att konkurrera. Projekt regleras ofta av tillfälliga avtal där aktörer riskeras att utsättas för opportunism. Dessutom medför en ökande komplexitet och en osäkerhet på marknaden en hög risk för den kapitalkrävande bygg och fastighetssektorn. Dessa utmaningar ställer krav på nya affärsstrategier och fördjupade samarbeten hos aktörer. Forskning menar att joint venture kan användas för att förbättra projektresultat samt motverka kontradiktoriska förhållanden. Syftet med detta arbete är att ge en ökad kunskap om hur vertikala joint ventures kan tillämpas i bygg- och fastighetsbranschen i Sverige. Studien utreder därför användningen av vertikala joint ventures, vanliga motiv samt dess möjliga tillämpning för att utforska hur användandet kan påverka organisatorer och marknader. En kvalitativ metod har använts där aktörer med olika perspektiv har intervjuats. Resultatet indikerar att den vanligaste formen av vertikala joint ventures är när två parter investerar eget kapital i ett nytt gemensamt bolag, där ena parten är en fastighetsförvaltare och den andra parten en fastighetsutvecklare som båda har en lika stor del i ägande och beslutsfattande. Studien visar att de vanligaste motiven till att bilda ett joint venture är att dela på risk, få tillgång till finansiering och komplettera med kompetens och resurser. Resultatet visar att fastighetsutvecklare vanligen har finansiella motiv medan fastighetsförvaltare ofta bildar ett joint venture med primära syftet att komplettera med kompetens. För att ett joint venture ska kunna uppfylla sitt syfte krävs förtroende och att parterna har ett gemensamt huvudmål. Därutöver behöver ett projekt vara av större omfattning utifrån antingen risk, komplexitet, storlek, varaktighet eller kostnad för att kompensera för de administrativa kostnader som följer bildande av ett joint venture. Slutligen fastställs att joint ventures kan användas som en effektiv affärsstrategi för att skapa gemensamma incitament, minska opportunism samt möjliggöra för företag att utföra projekt som de inte kan utföra med interna resurser.