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The main objectives of this thesis are, on the one hand, the examination of the thought of the Spanish writer Miguel de Unamuno regarding Argentinian history, language, and literature. On the other hand, it deals with the possible influence Unamuno might have exercised on the early works of the Argentinian writer, Jorge Luis Borges. Doing so, I cover areas which have not been researched thoroughly. A secondary objective is also covered: the literary output of Borges from 1920 to the early 1930s, often neglected by literary criticism. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part contextualizes the time and place in which the two writers lived. A brief examination of the sociopolitical situation in Argentina and Spain is carried out as well as a brief look at the cultural state of the two countries. Unamuno's attitude towards his own country is set in relation to his ideas about Argentina. I show how Unamuno related the decadence of Spain to the development of Argentina, and how the latter was, for him, the Spain that could have been but was not, the Spain of the future. The second part details the areas in which Unamuno perceived this identification between the two countries. The historical development of Argentina and Spain is examined according to Unamuno's views. Argentinian Spanish is compared to Castilian Spanish. Finally, I deal with Unamuno's views about Argentinian literature, emphasizing his opinions about gauchesque works, avant-garde movements, and key literary figures like Sarmiento and Hernández. The third part deals with Borges' ideas about Argentinian history, language, and literature. On the one hand, Borges' ideas are examined on their own; on the other, they are set in relation to Unamuno's opinions. In some cases, the influence of the Spaniard in the Argentinian is noticeable. In other cases, however, the disagreement is obvious.

Diss. Phil-hist. Bern, 2004. / Titre du CD-ROM.

Jorge Luis Borges, a literary figure intimately linked to Argentina's sense of cultural identity, has evoked both veneration and vilification among the country's intellectuals and the general public. Despite the vast amount of work written about his life and work in Argentina and abroad, no comprehensive examination of the construction of the author as an Argentine cultural icon has been produced so far. This thesis focuses on Borges as cultural signifier and it examines the often conflicting facets of the construction of Borges as icon. It argues that the ideas, hopes, fears and demands that Argentine people have placed upon the author - thus constructing the icon - are also those that allow them to define their cultural identity. Thus, the study sheds light on the mechanisms of the ongoing construction of Argentine identity and exposes the complexity of the process by drawing from critical, political and media discourses.The main images and conceptions of Borges examined and contested in the present work include his perceived social, political and intellectual elitism; his perceived positioning as a writer detached from Argentina's socio-political reality; the interpretation of his admiration for English literature as a way of disregarding Argentine culture; and finally the image of the author as a perpetual old blind sage with no links to popular culture. The study of these images and conceptions is elaborated through the analysis of biographies, photographs, comic strips and the promotion of so-called 'Borgesian' spaces in the city of Buenos Aires. These are studied in relation to the socio-political, historical and cultural contexts in which they were produced.This study is based on the view that the intertwined processes of the construction of the icon and of identity formation are fluid and in constant development. In this way, the thesis does not seek to reveal an essence of Borges; it aims to uncover the complexity of the operations that constitute the definition of Argentine cultural identity through Borges, focusing on the process rather than on an end result.

Este trabalho examina a cena do duelo num conjunto de contos de Jorge Luis Borges e Guimarães Rosa, cujos conflitos narrativos situam-se em zonas rurais e suburbanas de Argentina e Brasil. Os espaços do pampa e do sertão tornam-se cenários complexos em que se dão disputas de valores culturais através de lutas de facas e armas. Levando em conta a noção de duelo popular de Sandra Gayol (2008), esta dissertação tem como objetivo refletir sobre que tipos de valores estariam em conflito nos duelos representados nestes relatos, quais significações teriam segundo as posições, atitudes e projeções dos personagens com relação ao (r)estabelecimento da honra, a afirmação do homem pela valentia e a prática da justiça. Trazendo as noções de corpo, gesto e convenção da Fenomenologia da percepção, de Merleau-Ponty (2014), este estudo busca pensar o embate entre as determinações dos códigos sociais e as forças afetivas dos corpos nos espaços periféricos encenados nessas cenas de duelos. Configurados para dar centralidade à expectativa em torno desse momento decisivo na vida do personagem, os contos sinalizam, na circunstância do duelo, os modos peculiares com que esses escritores dialogam com uma tradição literária ligada ao paradigma civilização e barbárie, que permeou o pensamento sobre América Latina do século XIX e início do XX. Com respeito à fortuna crítica desses escritores, esta pesquisa se embasa, dentre outros textos, em Ricardo Piglia (1979, 2001), Beatriz Sarlo (1993, 2004), Davi Arrigucci Jr (1987, 1995, 2010), Elsa Repetto (1992), Wisnik (2008) e Ana P. Sá Pacheco (2008), trabalhos que, cada um à sua maneira, colaboram para colocar em pauta essas questões na abordagem dessa pesquisa. / This work exams the scene of the duel in a set of tales by Jorge Luis Borges and Guimarães Rosa, whose narratives conflicts are located into rural and suburban areas of Argentina and Brazil. Spaces such as pampa and sertão become complex scenarios of cultural values disputes through guns and knives fights. Considering the Sandra Gayol\' concept of popular duel (2008), this dissertation aims to reflect about the kinds of values that would be in conflict on the duel represented on those tales, which meanings they would have according to the positions, attitudes and character\'s projections, regarding to their honors restoration, man\'s affirmation by courage and the practice of justice. Bringing of the Phenomenology of perception, from Merleau-Ponty (2014), body, gesture and conventions\' notions, this research seek to think about the clash between the social codes determinations and the affective forces from the bodies on peripheral spaces configured in these duel scenes. Composed in a way to give centrality to the expectation around this decisive moment on the characters\' life, the tales show, at those duels circumstances, the peculiar ways in which these writers dialogue with a literary tradition attached to the paradigm of the \"civilization and barbarism\". This paradigm permeated the thought about Latin America from XIX century and beginning of XX century. Regarding the critical literary of these renowned authors, this study, among other texts, is based by Ricardo Piglia (1979, 2001), Beatriz Sarlo (1993, 2004), Davi Arrigucci Jr (1987, 1995, 2010), Elsa Repetto (1992), Wisnik (2008) e Ana P. Sá Pacheco (2008). These researches, each one at its own way, bring arguments that help it to put in evidence those questions in this research approach.

El propósito del ensayo siguiente será analizar el contraste entre Jorge Luis Borges y Roberto Arlt en cuanto a sus distintos construcciones literarias del mundo porteño por medio de un estudio cuidadoso de sus varios textos. Después de un poco de contexto histórico y biográfico sobre los dos autores examinados, la comparación entre ellos se centra primero en la obra temprana de Borges (la poesía, unos ensayos) y las crónicas y obras teatrales de Arlt (sus Aguafuertes porteñas, Trescientos millones). Luego, se examina los cuentos de ambos autores y como reflejan sus perspectivas diferentes de Buenos Aires durante la época tumultuosa de los años veinte y treinta.

Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Fakultät IV--Regensburg--Universität, 2004. / Bibliogr. p. 403-428. Index.

Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Kiel--Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 2006. / Bibliogr. p. 323-344.

The aesthetic placement and period designation of Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986) and José Lezama Lima (1910-1976) are complicated issues among critics. Borges is obviously considered a predecessor of the Latin American literary “boom,” but despite that taxonomy his work transcends that definition and provides a foundation for new trends and styles, such as the “neobarroco” cultivated by Severo Sarduy. Lezama is considered part of the second wave of the “boom,” but his work feeds, stylistically, from the Spanish baroque. At the same time, Lezama’s daring treatment of homoeroticism and his revolutionary system of images place him after the “boom” in a narrative style that is postmodern. This study undertakes a thorough revision of external and internal issues, revealing the key linguistic and fictive elements that characterize both writers. Through discourse analysis and close reading, a poetic system is formulated, which incorporate features of the “neobarroco,” “boom” and postmodern narrative styles. This dissertation uses a polar structure to analyze both poetic visions and concludes that they are compatible and symmetrical. From this perspective, Borges and Lezama belong to the “core” of literature that centers its emphasis in the creation of a system versus other modes of writing in which mimetic function prevails. By doing this and by recycling world culture, they create postmodern myth: the new building material for Hispanic American literature. There are only a few studies that explore the works of Borges and Lezama within the context of Baroque aesthetics. For the first time, this dissertation offers a comprehensive analysis that considers their poetic visions at large. Besides the difference in perspective, defined as macro-spatial in Borges and micro-spatial in Lezama, there are many similarities in content and form. Both writers question the cause and effect relationship and the modern use of metaphor. They also share a redefinition of genre as well as a hedonistic approach to literature and culture. This kinship in poetic vision is revealed through the polar method used for this study, which proposes a new form of aesthetic placement and period designation.

Orientador: Sandra Aparecida Ferreira / Resumo: Esta tese apresenta uma leitura comparativa entre contos do escritor argentino Jorge Luis Borges e romances do português José Saramago. Ainda que Borges, no âmbito da prosa de ficção, dedique-se exclusivamente à produção de contos e Saramago consagre-se principalmente como romancista, quando suas obras são postas em contato, pode-se verificar que ambos adotam temáticas, figuras, alegorias, imagens, símbolos e procedimentos narrativos comuns na construção de seus textos. Do rol de possíveis aproximações entre os autores, a análise centra-se especificamente no tema do labirinto, que se desdobra em três perspectivas: um espaço, que funciona como metáfora do mundo e da desorientação humana; uma representação estilística e temática da escrita, da leitura, da literatura e da composição estrutural das obras, e, por último, uma reflexão sobre a busca da identidade. Com base nos pressupostos dos estudos comparativos, este trabalho efetua, portanto, uma leitura temático-formal a partir da imagem do labirinto, a fim de identificar, explicitar e analisar similaridades entre as narrativas dos dois autores, observando como se dá a organização de seus textos e quais efeitos esses mecanismos análogos produzem nas obras de cada um deles. / Abstract: This thesis presents a comparative reading between short stories of the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges and novels of the Portuguese author José Saramago. Although Borges, in the ambit of the prose fiction, dedicates exclusively to production of short stories and Saramago will be acclaimed mainly as a novelist, when their works are confronted, it’s possible to verify that both adopt themes, figures, allegories, images, symbols and common narrative procedures in their texts’ construction. Among the possible approximations between the authors, the analysis explores specifically the theme of the labyrinth, that is divided into three perspectives: a space, that operates as a metaphor of the world and the human disorientation; a stylistic and themed representation of writing, reading, literature and the works’ structural composition and, finally, a discussion about the search for identity. Based on fundaments of the comparative studies, this work stablishes, therefore, a thematic and formal reading from the labyrinth image, in order to identify, describe and analyze similarities between the narratives of both writers, observing the organization of their texts and the effects of this analogue mechanisms produce in the works of each author. / Esta tesis presenta una lectura comparativa entre cuentos del escritor argentino Jorge Luis Borges y novelas del portugués José Saramago. Aunque Borges, en el ámbito de la prosa de ficción, se dedique exclusivamente a la producción de cuentos y Saramago se consagre principalmente como romancista, cuando se ponen sus obras en contacto, se puede verificar que ambos adoptan temáticas, figuras, alegorías, imágenes, símbolos y procedimientos narrativos comunes en la construcción de sus textos. De las posibles aproximaciones entre los autores, el análisis se centra específicamente en el tema del laberinto, que se desdobla en tres perspectivas: un espacio, que funciona como metáfora del mundo y de la desorientación humana; una representación estilística y temática de la escrita, la lectura, la literatura y la composición estructural de las obras y, por fin, una reflexión sobre la búsqueda de la identidad. Basándose en los fundamentos de los estudios comparativos, este trabajo realiza, así, una lectura temáticoformal con el objetivo de identificar, explicitar y analizar semejanzas entre las narrativas de los dos autores, a partir de la imagen del laberinto, observando la organización de sus textos y los efectos que estos mecanismos análogos producen en las obras de cada uno. / Doutor