This dissertation examines the cultural constructions of information and communication media by Indigenous peoples in Chile. It includes a critical investigation into the emergence, current practices and future prospects of Mapuche media within situated and culturally mediated social space. The research is informed by current anthropological interests in indigenous media and locates indigenous media theory and practice within three different, though overlapping fields of cultural production: applied visual anthropology, alternative media activism and new media theory. The theoretical, historical and pragmatic concerns of the thesis lie primarily in the media processes that are contextualized by several instances of ethnic resurgence. Indigenous narratives are located at the centre of various forms of cultural activism and are being conceived as tactics in the construction of divergent imaginaries and oppositional public spheres. By concentrating the study on the Mapuche context, the author clarifies the process by which these practices transform social structures in the struggle for political self-determination, cultural autonomy and social recognition. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, June, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-81)

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the meaning of responsible news coverage of the HIV/Aids epidemic with references to Die Burger en The Star. Even though the numbers of HIV positive people are escalating in our country, the media still persist in addressing HIV/Aids news in exactly the same way as any other news, which means that journalists are still detached observers who simply reflect the news of the day. This study emphasizes that the limited success of HIV prevention campaigns should urge the South African society to re-evaluate our approach to addressing HIV/Aids. It is also important to convince the media of its responsibility towards more ethical practices and especially towards greater involvement in this subject. Greater involvement will necessitate the press to re-evaluating some conventional practices as detachment and objectivity. Within this context greater involvement and activism do not have to be synonyms. With greater involvement one would like to emphasize the need for the media to take a few steps closer to the realities of HIV/Aids in order to be able to have a deeper understanding of the complexities of this disease. If one would like to see a difference in the spreading and impact of HIV/Aids on the South African community it is very important that the media will be included in the efforts against HIV/Aids. The media are a powerful and influential institution, which shape the minds and ideas of the society. The majority of South Africans are dependent on the media for most of their information - including HIV/Aids information. The greater involvement and responsibility requires pro-activity of the media and could facilitate the establishment of a better informed, well empowered and involved civil society who would themselves also be prepared to take ownership of HIVand Aids in the South African community. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie word ondersoek ingestel na wat verantwoordelike mediadekking met betrekking tot MIVNigs sou beteken met spesifieke verwysings na enkele uitgawes van Die Burger en The Star. Onafhanklik van die groeiende epidemie in Suid-Afrika kies die meeste publikasies om MIVNigs nuusdekking steeds soos enige ander nuus te hanteer. Dit beteken dat joernaliste die oogmerk van objektiwiteit nastreef en dus as onbetrokke waarnemers die gebeure van die dag aan die publiek weergee. Hierdie studie beklemtoon die omvang van die MIVNigs krisis en die beperkte sukses van voorkomingsinisiatiewe in Suid-Afrika wat gevolglik ook die media noodsaak om konvensionele joernalistiek praktyke in heroënskou te neem. Indien 'n mens 'n verandering in die verspreiding en impak van MIVNigs op die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing wil sien, is dit veral nodig om ook die media in die stryd teen MIVNigs te betrek. Die media is 'n invloedryke instelling en die grootste deel van die publiek se inligting - ook oor MIVNigs - word op die inhoud van dagblaaie gebaseer. Dit beklemtoon die verantwoordelikheid wat op die media rus om verantwoordelike en etiese nuusdekking aan die kwessie te gee. Vir die media om optimaal tot die stryd teen MIVNigs by te dra, is dit egter nodig dat die media self betrokke raak en proaktiewe nuusdekking sal nastreef. Met 'n meer betrokke media word nie noodwendig aktivisme bedoel nie, maar dit vra eerder dat die media 'n paar tree nader aan MIVNigs sal gee sodat die epidemie in sy totaliteit beter verstaan kan word. Met so 'n benadering kan die media bydrae tot die vestiging van 'n ingeligte, bemagtige en betrokke gemeenskap wat self ook eienaarskap van MIVNigs begin neem.

This study investigates the complex role editorials – a newspaper's institutional voice – play in highly-polarised political contexts. Employing Van Dijk's insight that editorials "are usually not only, and even not primarily, directed at the common reader: rather they tend to directly or indirectly address influential news actors" (1992: 244), the study focuses on how the editorials of two Zimbabwean daily newspapers – The Herald, a perceived pro-government newspaper, and NewsDay, a perceived pro-opposition newspaper – speak to those in power. The study looks at these two newspapers' editorials from 1 June to 31 December 2013, which covers the period prior to, during and after the 2013 national elections. The 31 July, 2013 elections took place after four years of an uneasy government of national unity (GNU), which comprised ZANU-PF and the two MDC formations (Raftopoulos, 2013:978). Given the polarisation that is pervasive in the Zimbabwean politics and media, the study draws on Hallin and Mancini (2004)'s "Polarised Pluralist Model". In this model the media are used as instruments of struggle in conflicts, sometimes by dictatorships and by movements struggling against them, but also by contending parties in periods of democratic politics (Hallin and Mancini, 2004:61). Further, the methodological approach that informs this study is primarily qualitative. A qualitative content analysis of 30 editorials seeks to identify themes covered in the editorials. The study also employs a rhetorical analysis of 12 editorials and in-depth interviews and these form the adopted three-stage research design. The findings of this research somewhat contradict the common view in Zimbabwe that the privately-owned media blindly support the opposition while the stateowned media do the same to ZANU-PF (Chari, 2009:10; Mabweazara, 2011:110). Although The Herald openly supported ZANU-PF prior to the election, it shifted after the election as it pushed the ruling party to fulfill pledges made on the campaign trail. Some ZANU-PF officials were also censured by The Herald, although this selective criticism can be linked to factionalism in the party. NewsDay editorials reminded the newly formed government to mend the economy and provide basic services. While, the daily constantly censured Mugabe and ZANU-PF prior to the election, it also occasionally berated the MDC, which can be attributed to its participation in the GNU as that took away the privilege it previously had of not being hold accountable by the press.

Hundreds of reporters gather and interpret news for four English-language newspapers in India's second-largest urban area Kolkata, West Bengal's state capital, which is home to over 4 million people. Journalists from The Statesman, The Telegraph-Kolkata, The Hindustan Times and The Times of India discuss how they collect their stories in Bengali, Hindi, Urdu, and many other languages and write them in English targeting a small but emerging middle-class audience. Whether these articles focus on people-centric urban planning, armed vigilantes in community disputes, dowry death cases, or celebrity culture, all of the reporting involves cultural and ethical challenges. Using semi-structured interviewing and qualitative theme analysis, this study explores how gender, class, and religion affect the decision-making practices of 21 journalists working in Kolkata.

A group of Utah citizens, supported by the Salt Lake Tribune, campaigned in May and June of 1968 to change Utah's liquor distribution system from a state-owned package method to one which would allow mixed drinks. Opponents of the change were supported by the Deseret News.The two newspapers became the spokesmen for the two opposing groups. A careful analysis of them shows that of the 2,844.6 column inches of space in the Tribune, and of the 1,856.2 column inches in the News, exclusive of advertising, more than eight per cent in each newspaper supported the editorial stand of that newspaper, while only slightly more than six per cent opposed it.Neither the Salt Lake Tribune nor the Deseret News lived up to the standards of the journalism profession in the handling of the liquor issue in Utah. A complete view of the issues could not have been seen by reading either newspaper. Both were guilty of serving special interest groups; both used their news columns for opinion; both suppressed news and facts which did not conform with their own views; and both failed to be fair and impartial in reporting the two sides of the issue.

Esta tese discute a incorporação da oralidade de falantes excluídos social e culturalmente na grande-reportagem. O foco desta pesquisa é refletir como a grande-reportagem no Brasil, em sua missão de desvendamento do real, tem lidado com a questão da oralidade. Discute os desafios para a incorporação dos registros orais de pessoas com baixa escolaridade, tendo em vista o preconceito que existe na sociedade em relação aos falantes que se utilizam de modalidades diferentes da língua padrão. Propõe algumas reflexões e procedimentos para o jornalista ao incorporar a fala de protagonistas de baixa escolaridade em sua reportagem. E realiza um experimento prático de construção de História de Vida de uma faxineira de São Paulo, oriunda do meio rural de Minas Gerais. / This thesis discusses the incorporation into reporting of the orality of speakers who are sociallly and culturally excluded. The focus is upon considering how reporting in Brazil, in its mission of tapping into reality, has dealt with the orality issue. It discusses the challenges to incorporate oral records from people with low educational level, by considering the prejudice that exists in society against speakers who use different variations of standard idiom. It proposes analysis and procedures regarding how journaliss can introduce into reporting the speeches from main characters with low educational level in. There is also a practical experiment that comprises the writing of a cleaning womans life history.

Since the end of the military dictatorship in 1989, Chile’s prolonged and arduous transition to democracy has continued. It has been more than a decade of political and social processes, full of uncertainties, doubts and compromises. It has been a transition marred by the political and economic remnants of the military dictatorship, by a highly restrictive and authoritarian legal and constitutional system, and by a political class, and, for a long period unable to introduce truly democratic changes. The dynamic of the Chilean transition has had a deep effect on many sections of the Chilean society, especially the media, traditionally one of the key spheres of public debate. The underlying argument of this work is that the Chilean transition to democracy, a political and economic phase achieved by negotiation and compromise, was not accompanied by the establishment of a more democratic, pluralistic media system. This thesis examines, from a multidisciplinary perspective, the context, the process and the development of the media during the first decade of the transition to democracy (1990-2000). Its fundamental objective is to understand the relationship between journalism, the media and the democratic political processes in a post-dictatorship society. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Thesis (M.J.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-218). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (MPhil (Journalism))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. / With the advent of new communication technologies, traditional journalism has continually had to adjust to new contexts. In 2006, the Western Cape daily newspaper Die Burger established a blogging section as part of its website. Presently j-bloggers (journalists who are bloggers) still work according to Die Burger’s current ethical code of conduct. Yet the establishment of j-blogs at Die Burger has raised a number of questions regarding the ethical conduct of journalists in this medium. This study attempts to show that the mainstream ethical concepts of accuracy, fairness and the use of anonymous sources may be interpreted differently in the medium of blogging and explores the feasibility of a code of conduct for j-bloggers at Die Burger. Die Burger’s code of conduct is compared with various bloggers’ codes of conduct. The study argues that Die Burger’s code of conduct offers more comprehensive guidelines for journalists than most bloggers’ codes. These guidelines include protecting the newspaper’s reading public from harm. However, it was also found that the different interpretations of ethical concepts on blogs need to be considered in a code of conduct for j-bloggers. In this study, the composition of a code of conduct for j-bloggers was discussed with j-bloggers, print journalists and several other stakeholders at Die Burger. The participants in this study argued that a code of conduct for j-bloggers may be feasible but that it should operate in addition to Die Burger’s current code of conduct. Furthermore, this study argues two normative theories of the press – the social responsibility and democratic-participant theories – intersect in a discussion of ethical codes for j-bloggers. Using this theoretical framework, the study aims to describe specific guidelines for the ethical conduct of j-bloggers at Die Burger.