Psicologia e Ecologia são duas áreas onde se expressa com a qualidade de vida do ser humano. O processo de degradação ambiental com o uso irracional dos recursos não renováveis é uma preocupação crescente da população mundial. A busca de um meio ambiente saudável para todos é perpassado por processos de aprendizagem e construção de identidade dos indivíduos. A psicologia busca alternativas para auxiliar nesta conquista através de muitas áreas, como a psicologia ambiental, psicologia social entre outras. Neste trabalho proponho a análise da ecologia nos processos de defesa ambiental através da Psicologia Moral. É importante para a psicologia moral estender seu campo de análise a áreas fundamentais da necessidade e relações humanas, e nesta relação com a ecologia as pesquisas são incipientes. A tese que se apresenta é de que a ecologia é moral. Líderes ambientais do estado de Rondônia, selecionados através do método de Bom Meihy (1996) para a construção de redes, ao falar de suas atividades na defesa ambiental, descrever o histórico através do qual construíram uma consciência ecológica, apresentar um juízo moral através de dilemas e entrevistas inquérito, corroboram a tese, demonstrando a existência de uma personalidade moral ecológica, baseada na análise subjetiva da justiça e princípios éticos universais. Os líderes apresentam também uma ética ecológica, uma ética verde, baseada na sustentabilidade. São referenciais teóricos da psicologia moral, Kant (1785/1936), Piaget (1932), Kohlberg (1955) e Puig (1998). O trabalho apresenta ainda as áreas da ecopedagogia, ecofilosofia, ecopsicologia e psicologia ambiental e debate a problemática ambiental contemporânea. / Psychology and Ecology are two areas on which it is linked with quality of life. The process of environmental degradation due to the irrational use of non renewable resources is a great concern all over the world. The search for a healthy environment for everyone is followed by the learning process and the formation of individual character. Psychology seeks alternatives such as environmental psychology, social psychology and others in order to give support on that issue. The following paper proposes the analyses of ecology based on the environmental defense process using the Moral Psychology. It’s important to the Moral psychology to broaden its analytical field to fundamental areas linked to human needs and based on this same relation with ecology, as far as it concerns, the researches can be considered incipient. The following thesis support the argument that ecology is moral Environmental liders from Rondonia, selected by the Bom Meihy’s Methody for the formation of nets; when questioned about their activities concerning environmental defense, the historical process on which it was built on ecological concern to present a moral judge based on dilemmas and interviews, corrobate the thesis, showing a moral environment personality existence based on the subjective analyses of justice and ethical principles. The liders also present an ecological ethic, a “green” ethic based on sustainability. It can be mentioned important references from the Moral Psychology, as it follows. Kant (1785, 1936), Piaget, Kolberg (1955) and Puig (1998). This paper also presents studies that join Ecology to Education, Philosophy, Psychology and Environmental Psychology and it discuss the current problems of our environment.

The main goal by writing of this thesis was to provide a contribution to the discussion regarding the interpretation of selected legal terms contained in the Czech concept of the due managerial care, with the help of comparison with the development of this legal element in the law of neighbouring Austrian republic, which is (to my knowledge) still not significantly professionally accounted for in our academic environment. The Austrian concept of the duty of due managerial care is in Czech academic literature not often considered, therefore I offer in order to allow for mentioned comparison in this thesis an overview analysis of the present legal regulation of the duty of due managerial care in Austrian law, whereas emphasised are the aspects, which are further used in the breakdown of constituent issues, alternatively aspects, which distinguish Austrian law from Czech law. I am trying to provide deeper insight into selected number of topics and to formulate my own conclusions regarding partial issues with the help of comparative findings from the Austrian law in the relation to the most common form of business corporation, the limited liability company. The thesis is divided into two parts, whereas in the first part I deal with the element of due managerial care from the analytical viewpoint of the...

Syftet var att undersöka betydelsen av utseende vid val av socialsekreterare (som representerades av fotografier). Hälften av en undersökningsgrupp med 60 klienter (eller f.d.) valde att välja socialsekreterare i stället för att bli tilldelad och personbedömningar gjordes på grundval av enbart foton. / Person judgements of social workers were made by clients only on the basis of photos. / Examensuppsats handledd av Bo Edvardsson

Magister Legum - LLM / In Rwanda, Gacaca courts, community-based traditional courts, were alternative solution of dealing with the legacy of genocide after the failure of modern model of justice. In 2012, Gacaca courts were repealed by the Organic Law 04 of 2012. These courts left behind a large number of cases which include, inter alia, suspects ranged within first category, new cases of those who were or will be extradited from ICTR or other countries, thousands of perpetrators tried in absentia while abroad that have the right to file opposition as well as applications for review lodged against their judgements. Today, all of these cases fall under the jurisdiction of ordinary courts along with ordinary criminal and civil litigations. This causes practical challenges of inability of domestic courts to deal with the huge number of cases. Besides, the organic Law 04 of 2012 that terminates Gacaca courts provides mechanisms to deal with other issues related to the end of Gacaca courts. However, these mechanisms result in unequal treatment of genocide suspects and violate the victims’ rights. This may lead to qualify this law as discriminatory and unjust provision. Furthermore, this law remains silent vis-à-vis the issue of enforcement of sentences rendered against those tried in absentia while abroad and the issue of reparations. Despite the mechanisms set forth to deal with all those cases and other issues left behind by Gacaca courts, serious challenges remain. Confronting these challenges needs international cooperation to bring genocide perpetrators to trial, administrative schemes for reparations as well as legal harmonisation to adapt the domestic legislation to the post-Gacaca situation.

This mixed-method study explored cataloger’s judgment through the presence of text as entered by catalogers for the 11 electronic resource items during the National Libraries test for Resource Description and Access (RDA). Although the literature discusses cataloger’s judgment and suggests that cataloging practice based on new cataloging code RDA will more heavily rely on cataloger’s judgment, the topic of cataloger’s judgment in RDA cataloging was not formally studied. The purpose of this study was to study the differences and similarities in the MARC records created as a part of the RDA National Test and to determine if the theory of bounded rationality could explain cataloger’s judgment based on the constructs of cognitive and temporal limits. This goal was addressed through a content analysis of the MARC records and various statistical tests (Pearson’s Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact, and Cramer’s V). Analysis of 217 MARC records was performed on seven elements of the bibliographic record. This study found that there were both similarities and differences among the various groups of participants, and there are indications that both support and refute the assertion that catalogers make decisions based on the constructs of time and cognitive ability. Future research is needed to be able to determine if bounded rationality is able to explain cataloger’s judgment; however, there are indicators that both support and refute this assertion. The findings from this research have implications for the cataloging community through the provision of training opportunities for catalogers, evaluating workflows, ensuring the proper indexing of bibliographic records for discovery, and recommended edits to RDA.

This thesis has served to accomplish several objectives. First, a foundation was laid for the consideration of ethical factors in an engineering context. This was done by first establishing the need for ethical judgement in the engineering disciplines. A summary of several significant classical ethical theories followed, providing several tools with which to evaluate decisions that have ethical implications. Finally, the conclusion was made that the best framework for making ethical decisions is found in the application of the virtues espoused by the gospel of Jesus Christ.

This diploma thesis deals with expert activities, which are following the connection with expropriation process. The work is divided into three parts, each of them is targeted by specification and contant. First are analyzed the basic related concepts of this thesis, the continuence of expropriation process and historical background of expropriation. Attention is also paid to the protection and limitation of proprietary rights. The second part deals with expert activity and status in the expropriation process. The final part of the thesis is a purely practical one. The content is related to the creation of a practice expert judgement for expropriation purpose, from which describe its structure.

The purpose of the paper is to show some possible factors that affect the animators’ choices when working on photorealistic animation based on references. Research in computer graphics has since 1970 had as a main goal to achieve photorealism. When working on 3D-production for film, animation is a part of the process. This part aims to give life to digital characters, among other things. References are used as a tool to achieve photorealism. This could for example be a video of animals or people moving in the same way as the characters in the animation is supposed to do. But many experiences show that the animation could be uninteresting and lack credibility if the animator sticks to close to the reference. This forces the animator to deviate from the reference material in order to achieve a photorealistic animation. We want to find out which choices the animators are making in that situation and what they are based upon. The paper highlights six animators’ views on what affects their choices when working with photorealistic animation. From the interviews a number of factors that the animators themselves found to affect them, was distinguished. The factors that the paper highlights with the support of theories and the answers from the interviews are clarity, interest, characters, influence of others, time, intuition, judgment, experience, subconscious factors and personal background. / Uppsatsens syfte är att synliggöra möjliga faktorer som påverkar animatörers val när de arbetar med fotorealistisk animation och med referenser som bas. 3D-grafisk forskning har sedan 70-talet haft som mål att uppnå fotorealism. När man arbetar med 3D-produktioner för film kan animation ingå som en del i processen. Denna del syftar till att ge liv till åt bl.a. digitala karaktärer. För att också i animationen uppnå fotorealism används ofta referenser som ett hjälpmedel. Dessa referenser kan t.ex. bestå av filmat material på djur eller människor som gör liknande rörelser som animationen försöker uppnå. Men många erfarenheter visar på att animationen kan bli stel, lätt, ointressant eller sakna trovärdighet om man förhåller sig för tätt till referensmaterialet. Detta medför att animatören ibland måste avvika från referensmaterialet för att lyckas göra en fotorealistisk animation. Vi ville ta reda på vilka val man gör i den situationen och vad dessa grundas på. Uppsatsen lyfter fram sex stycken animatörers syn på vad som påverkar deras val när de arbetar med fotorealistisk animation. Ur intervjuerna urskildes ett antal genomgående faktorer som animatörerna själva ansåg påverkade dem. De faktorer som uppsatsen lyfter fram med stöd från både teorier och intervjusvaren är tydlighet, intresse, karaktärer, andras inflytande, tidsangivelser, intuition, bedömningsförmåga, erfarenhet, omedvetna faktorer och personlig bakgrund.

Judgement by acknowledgement Abstract The topic of this diploma thesis is judgement by acknowledgement, a decision on the merits commonly used in practice, which is supposed to speed up the trial and make it more efficient. The thesis deals with both the judgement by acknowledgement issued under the express consent of the defendant and the so-called fiction of acknowledgement of the claim by the defendant, on the basis of which the judgment by acknowledgement can also be issued. The aim of this thesis is not only to provide comprehensive explanation of the process that precedes the issuance of the judgement by acknowledgement, but also to describe the importance of this judgement, its historic development on the Czech territory and to compare its national legislation with the Slovak one. This paper also highlights some problematic aspects of this judgement and offers possible solutions. The thesis is divided into six chapters. Chapter One deals with the historical development of the judgement by acknowledgement on the Czech territory. In particular, it focuses on establishing a judgement for recognition in to the Czech legal system on the edge of the 19th and 20th century and its reintroduction into the civil process in 1993 - 2009, when the judgement by acknowledgement acquired a form that remained to this...

Affective states of animals are emotions with positive or negative valance. Positive and negative affective states affect animal welfare, and can bias interpretation of information positively or negatively, respectively. Judgement bias tests measure affective states based on responses to ambiguous cues, intermediate to cues with learnt positive and negative outcomes. Responses closer to those of positive cues indicate positive affective state. However, animals need extensive training to learn initial associations to reference cues. Therefore, I here aimed to validate an alternative affective state test based on instinctive avoidance of patterns resembling eyespots. Responses to ambiguous eyespot cues similar to responses to full eyespot cues could indicate negative affective state. To test this, behavioural responses of red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) chicks to ambiguous cues from a validated judgement bias test were compared to responses to cues resembling eyespots. In a second cohort of birds, I developed simplified tests with only one ambiguous cue in each tests. I predicted that responses in both tests would correlate positively. In the original tests, shorter distance and latency to approach ambiguous cues correlated positively with latency to approach one of the eyespot cues, a full eyespot cue. This pattern was only observed in females. In the simplified tests, at 4 weeks of age, shortest latency to approach cues correlated among tests. This pattern was not observed when chicks were tested at 2 weeks of age. Overall, the eyespot test is a promising alternative affective state test, but further studies exploring sex- and age-effects, are needed.