Thesis (MPhil (Old and New Testament))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The earliest written reference to the “Day of the Lord” is found in the book of Amos. Throughout the prophets, especially the Minor Prophets, the term becomes something of a Leitmotiv, either in those words or in abbreviations such as “that day”. The “Day of the Lord” was to be one of judgement on the enemies of Yahweh. Such judgement in Israelite thought applied to Israelite enemies. To be an enemy of Israel was to be an enemy of God since the Israelites were God’s chosen people. Shockingly, Amos included both Israel and Judah amongst his list of the nations God had declared he would punish. Judgement implied God’s wrath and punishment. This is variously depicted metaphorically as warfare, locust invasions, drought, fire and seismic events. Nations to be punished were those who warred against the Israelite kingdoms. Either they had been part of the Israelite mini-empire under David and Solomon and had broken political covenant, or, like Assyria and Babylon, they had practised cruelty against the people of God and against their other subject nations. The kingdoms of Judah and Israel were to be punished because they had broken the Sinai Covenant by becoming involved in worshipping images of the gods of the surrounding nations. Symbols of these gods were even set up in the Jerusalem Temple. They involved fertility cults which often practised temple prostitution. The Sinai laws were further disobeyed by the Israelites, who ignored ill-treatment of the poor, widows, orphans and aliens. While Amos was aware of the inevitability of judgement, others, like Hosea, were aware of God’s love. God longed for his people to repent and receive blessing. This created a tension in Israelite theology between the need for judgement, which God’s greatness and holiness required and God’s love, which desires to forgive and save. True repentance will bring forgiveness and salvation. Punishment may have to be endured, for example the Babylonian exile, but God will lead his people to salvation. An analysis of judgement and salvation being reconciled on the “Day of the Lord” is first made by looking at the Minor Prophets in a historical and literary context and then how redaction sought to form them into a nified “Book of the Twelve”. In doing so, various critical methods, especially Form Criticism and Canonical Criticism are discussed. In the “Book of the Twelve” the “Day of the Lord” proves to be the occasion when judgement and salvation occur. Judgement is necessary since it leads to acknowledgement of sin and repentance. Only the innocent and the repentant are saved. This involves a remnant of Israel and, later also applies to a gentile remnant which acknowledges YHWH. Eschatologically, the “Day of the Lord”, at first, seems imminent. Later it is seen as a future event under God’s control. At first it is believed the “Day” will usher in destruction of Israel’s enemies, the re-establishment of a united kingdom under a descendant of David and an everlasting time of peace and prosperity, free from control by enemy nations, from apostasy and social injustice. After the defeats of the Kingdom of Israel in the 8th century by Assyria and of Judah in the 6tth by the Babylonians, YHWH is understood as being the God of all nations who will use powerful (and sinful) nations to punish his people, while at the same time preparing their punishment at the hands of other nations. So Assyria is conquered by Babylon and Babylon by the Chaldeans. For many, after the return from Babylonian exile, salvation seems to have been accomplished. The failure of expectations after the return leads to the “Day of the Lord” being seen as an even more distant event. It begins to take on apocalyptic overtones and becomes a moment at the end of time when there is judgement with salvation for the faithful and repentant. God’s eternal reign is inaugurated. Belief in salvation is beginning to move from deliverance being part of earthly life to otherworldly existence with God . The seeming failure of the prophetic earthly ideal may have led to the end of prophecy as a recorded scriptural genre and to the redaction of that genre in post-prophetic times to bring the “Book of the Twelve” into line with contemporary deuteronomistic and priestly outlooks. The Israelite view of the “Day of the Lord” has become a belief that on that “Day” there will be judgement for those who have not repented and at the same time salvation for a remnant which has either remained faithful or has repented. It will usher in an eternal time of divine blessing for the saved who will be a new Israel. Sin leads to God’s earthly punishment. If there is no repentance, judgement becomes eternal.

Bakgrund: Svårläkta bensår anses idag som ett växande folkhälsoproblem. Det drabbar framför allt personer över 65 år och medför ofta smärta och försämrad livskvalitet eftersom de ofta tar lång tid att läka. Prevention och behandling av dessa sår kräver stora sjukvårdsresurser. Distriktssköterskan/sjuksköterskan inom primärvården behandlar en betydande del av svårläkta bensår. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskan/sjuksköterskans erfarenheter att bedöma svårläkta bensår. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ induktiv ansats. Fjorton distriktssköterskor/sjuksköterskor i sydöstra Skåne har intervjuats individuellt. Under intervjun har en semistrukturerad intervjuguide använts. Intervjuerna har analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Distriktssköterskorna/sjuksköterskorna erfor att de hade tillräcklig kunskap att bedöma svårläkta bensår, och att de hade förmågan att omsätta kunskaperna praktiskt. De använde sig inte av några riktlinjer vid bedömningen utan menade att deras erfarenhet styrde bedömningen och vilka åtgärder som skulle vidtas. De menade att det var betydelsefullt att försöka se patienten ur ett holistiskt perspektiv och att det var en fördel om man hade ett engagemang för bensår då det ofta vara frågan om långvariga tålamodsprövande behandlingar. Distriktssköterskan/sjuksköterskan använde sig i olika omfattning av andras kompetens. Det var en självklarhet att man tillfrågade andra när man var i behov av råd eller hjälp. Slutsats: Bensårssjukdomar utgör en betydande volym inom primärvården och distriktssköterskan behöver rätt förutsättningar för att kunna bedöma dessa. Implementering av riktlinjer och bedömningsmallar skulle vara ett sätt att tillmötesgå detta behov. Det finns även ett behov av att utveckla samarbetet mellan berörda professioner som behandlar patienter med svårläkta bensår. Att ge distriktssköterskan de rätta förutsättningarna att omhänderta svårläkta bensår skulle innebära att hon kan arbeta efter evidensbaserade riktlinjer och dessutom få möjlighet till utveckling inom området. / Background: Chronic leg ulcers are today considered as a growing public health problem. This affects mainly people over 65 years and often results in pain and impaired quality of life because they often take a long time to heal. Prevention and treatment of these wounds require large health-care resources. The district nurse/nurse in primary health care addresses a significant portion of chronic leg ulcers. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the district nurse/nurse's experiences to assess chronic leg ulcers. Method: A qualitative inductive approach was used. Fourteen district nurses/nurses in Southeast Skåne were interviewed individually. During the interview a semi-structured interview-guide was used. The interviews was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: District nurses/nurses felt that they had sufficient knowledge to assess chronic leg ulcers, and that they had the ability to translate knowledge into practice. They used no guidelines in the assessment but felt that their experience ruled the assessment and  measures to be taken. They said it was important to see the patient from a holistic perspective and that it was an advantage to have a commitment for leg ulcers because treatments are often demaning and extended over a long time. The district nurse used in varying degrees other people's skills. For them it was obvious necessity for them to consult others when they were in need of advice or help. Conclusion: Chronic leg ulcers represent a significant volume of primary care, and the district nurse needs the right conditions to be able to assess these. Implementation of the guidelines and scoring protocols would be a way to go to meet this need. There is also a need to develop cooperation between the concerned professions who treat patients with chronic leg ulcers. To give the district nurse the right conditions to dispose of chronic leg ulcers mean that she can work on guidelines and opportunities for development and training on evidence-based level.

The purpose of this study was to gather data regarding the effectiveness of training in problem solving management by critical analysis. The focus of the study therefore, was to determine if training in problem solving management by critical analysis would increase levels of problem analysis and judgment productivity in a group of administrators. Previous research studies indicate positive relationships between training in problem solving and improved performance of administrators in their task efforts. Twenty-six administrative and supervisory staff members in an urban school district took part in the study. Using a randomized pretest-posttest research design, subjects were divided into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group was exposed to training sessions in problem management by critical analysis based upon writings by Elbing (1978), Drake (1976), Ennis (1962) and Rickards (1974). The control group received no training. All subjects were pretested using the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal, Form A. Following the training sessions with the experimental group, all subjects were post-tested using the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal, Form B. The Critical Thinking Appraisal Forms A and B thus yielded a numerical score for each of the five subtests on problem analysis and judgment productivity-inference, recognition of assumptions, deduction, interpretation, and evaluation of arguments. A null hypothesis was constructed to deal with experimental and control group comparison and possible differences with the training sessions functioning as the independent variable and the post-test scores functioning as the dependent variable. To determine if gains by any group were significant, a t-test was applied to the data. The .05 level of confidence was utilized to determine if data were significant. This analysis reported a gain in problem analysis and judgmental productivity in the experimental group and none in the control group. It was therefore concluded that the gain or differences reported in the post-test results, can be directly attributed to the training sessions in problem solving management by critical analysis.

This thesis deals with the question of prestige of subject Geography. Its aim is to explain how much prestige university students attach to Geography, with the help of semantic differential method, and where they place this term in the semantic field of terms. The research was conducted with questionnaire survey which focused on the comparison between the perception of Geography and other subjects, and at the same time the comparison of value judgement of Geography students and students of different programmes. The first part of the thesis explains the key words and the methods of the research into prestige conducted so far. They were analysed and on the basis of this analysis notional parameters of prestige attached to a subject were set. The following part is the main part. It consists of the questionnaire survey, including the evaluation and interpretation of the results, which is followed by suggestions for improvement of the prestige of Geography, with the use of chosen marketing tools. Key words: prestige; social status; value judgement; attitude; geography; semantic differential; marketing

A presente Dissertação de Mestrado buscará analisar as origens, causas e implicações da crise que assola o Supremo Tribunal Federal há décadas, além de analisar de que forma o instituto da Repercussão Geral se propõe a tentar soluciona-la e se, de fato, tem conseguido. Originariamente concebido como guardião e garantidor da Constituição Federal, o STF sofreu graves distorções em sua função, ao ser constantemente chamado a adjudicar sobre matérias repetidas e de relevância duvidosa. No ano de 2007, aportaram ao Supremo Tribunal Federal Tribunal Federal mais de 56.000 (cinqüenta e seis mil) agravos de instrumento e quase 50.000 (cinqüenta mil) recursos extraordinários, provocando um enorme acúmulo de trabalho e uma verdadeira crise institucional. O surgimento e agravamento dessa crise tem muitas razões: (i) o contexto histórico-cultural em que a Constituição Federal de 1988 foi promulgada; (ii) a amplitude do espectro de questões passíveis de julgamento pelo STF, após a extinção dos obstáculos então existentes à interposição de recursos; (iii) a falta de aparelhamento técnico do Poder Judiciário e, ainda, (vi) a amplitude de nosso sistema recursal. Tal situação se explica pelo anseio de democratização do acesso à Justiça, que levou o constituinte a, de um lado, ampliar o quadro de competências do STF, aumentando enormemente o número de controvérsias passíveis de ser objeto de recursos extraordinários e criando uma séria desproporção entre o número de Ministros e de processos distribuídos; e, de outro lado, eliminar os critérios distintivos das demandas levadas à apreciação do Supremo Tribunal Federal, ao extinguir a então vigente arguição de relevância. Diante da ineficiência dos mecanismos adotados para solucionar essa crise, surgiu a necessidade de criar e implementar um verdadeiro filtro recursal, capaz de represar as demandas de pouca expressividade e permitir que o Supremo Tribunal Federal desempenhasse uma função mais assemelhada à de Corte Constitucional brasileira. Inúmeras tentativas foram feitas com o fito de estabelecer um critério distintivo de seleção das questões levadas à apreciação do Supremo Tribunal Federal. A arguição de relevância, criada pela Emenda Constitucional nº 7, de 1977, ainda na vigência da Constituição Federal de 1967, que vigorou por cerca de treze anos, e a transcendência, que vigora, hoje, como requisito de admissibilidade de demandas de revista trabalhistas, previsto pelo art. 896-A da CLT, foram os mais significativos instrumentos criados com o intuito de filtrar os recursos submetidos ao crivo do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Esses mecanismos foram inspirados em institutos bem-sucedidos em diversos ordenamentos jurídicos ao redor do mundo, tais como o writ of certiorari norte-americano, a rechtssache grundsätzlichen bedeutung alemã e a gravedad institucional argentina, além de institutos semelhantes presentes em outros países, como o Reino Unido, Canadá, Austrália e Japão. Assim, concebida a partir de experiências anteriores e inspirações internacionais, com o intuito de funcionar como um mecanismo seletor das demandas que aportam ao Supremo Tribunal Federal, foi instituída a Repercussão Geral da questão constitucional, um novo requisito intrínseco de admissibilidade dos recursos extraordinários. Esse novo instituto pretendeu criar um filtro de seleção dos recursos extraordinários a serem julgados pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal a partir dos critérios de relevância e abrangência do tema em discussão. Em outras palavras, apenas os temas que encontram ampla repercussão nos âmbitos jurídico, político, econômico ou social estão aptos a serem apreciados pelo STF. A despeito de todas as dificuldades hermenêuticas que a vagueza desses termos conceituais pode ensejar, a intenção declarada do instituto de Repercussão Geral é fazer com que o Supremo Tribunal Federal desempenhe uma função mais assemelhada à de Corte Constitucional, afastando de sua jurisdição temas de menor importância, para que seus Ministros possam se debruçar sobre as questões verdadeiramente relevantes à sociedade. É isso o que o presente estudo se propõe a realizar: uma análise crítica do instituto da Repercussão Geral, sua definição teórica e aplicação prática. Criado pela Emenda Constitucional nº 45 e regulamentado pela Lei nº 11.418/2006, o instituto da Repercussão Geral, por opção do próprio legislador, é de difícil conceituação concreta, por ser indeterminado e bastante vago. Como se verá, a ausência de conceito exato e bem delimitado parece permitir, no entanto, que os textos normativos acompanhem, de perto, a complexidade das relações humanas e sociais, além de restaurar a valorização das demais fontes do Direito, como formas de complementar e suprir as lacunas de cada caso concreto. Outro ponto analisado é a irrecorribilidade da decisão que afastar a alegada existência de Repercussão Geral. A previsão de tão radical consequência implica em cerceamento de defesa da parte recorrente? Contribuiu para o avanço de posições ditatoriais e autoritárias? Como solucionar, por exemplo, um erro de enquadramento de um determinado recurso extraordinário, reputado erroneamente como desprovido de Repercussão Geral? Há alguma forma de, ainda assim, alçar o tema ao conhecimento da Corte Suprema? As respostas a essas perguntas revelarão, além da dimensão de efetividade prática do instituto da Repercussão Geral, a potencial rejeição pela sociedade e a corrida a diversos mecanismos técnicos capazes de burlar as decisões proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal Tribunal Federal. Para que se tenha uma noção mais fiel da atual realidade do Judiciário brasileiro, este estudo apresenta a análise de dados, números e estatísticas fornecidos pelo próprio Supremo Tribunal Federal, em seus relatórios anuais e boletins periódicos, acerca da implementação do instituto da Repercussão Geral da questão constitucional. Com efeito, parece ser mesmo inegável que a quantidade de recursos submetidos à apreciação e julgamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal diminuiu e muito desde o efetivo funcionamento desse novo filtro seletor de demandas. Vemos, então, que este sistema de filtragem não terá apenas a tarefa de diminuir a carga de trabalho submetida aos Tribunais Superiores, mas também se revelará um instrumento de aperfeiçoamento da jurisdição constitucional, melhorando e acelerando a distribuição da Justiça. Estamos, portanto, hoje, diante de um novo cenário do Poder Judiciário brasileiro; com a paulatina adoção de uma estrutura apta a acolher as demandas formuladas e solucioná-las de forma mais efetiva e célere, o Supremo Tribunal Federal pode voltar a atuar como o verdadeiro guardião da Magna Carta. / This Masters Thesis will analyze the origins, causes and implications of the crisis involving the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court for decades, in addition to analyzing how does the general repercussion principle tries to solve it and if it has actually succeed to do so. Originally conceived as a guardian and guarantor of the Federal Constitution, the Federal Supreme Court (STF) has suffered serious distortions in its duties when being constantly called to judge repetitive matters of doubtful relevance. In the year 2007, more than fifty-six thousand (56,000) Interlocutory Appeals and almost fifty thousand (50,000) Extraordinary Appeals were filed with the Federal Supreme Court which, resulted in an enormous accumulation of work and an actual institutional crisis. The appearance and aggravation of this crisis has many reasons: (i) the historical and cultural context in which the 1988 Federal Constitution was enacted; (ii) the wide array of matters subject to trial by the STF after the extinguishment of the then existing hindrances to the filing of appeals; (iii) the lack of technical equipment of the Judicial Branch and, furthermore, (vi) the extent of our appeal system. Such situation is explained by the longing for democratization of access to Justice, which led the constitutional lawmaker to, on the one side, amplify the powers of the STF, highly increasing the number of disputes which may be subject to extraordinary appeals and creating a serious lack of proportion between the number of Justices and the number of cases assigned to them; meanwhile, on the other hand, eliminate the distinctive criteria of the actions submitted to the Supreme Court by extinguishing the motion of relevance then in effect. In view of the inefficiency of the mechanisms adopted to solve this crisis, there was the need to create and implement an actual filter for the appeals, which should be able to stop the flow of irrelevant actions and to allow the Supreme Court to resume its essential duties such as a Brazilian Constitutional Court. Many attempts at establishing a distinctive criteria for selection of the matters submitted to the analysis of the Federal Supreme Court have been made. The motion of relevance, created by Constitutional Amendment No. 7, of 1977, and which was effective for about thirteen years, and the transcendence, which is currently in effect as a requirement for admissibility of labor claims, as provided in article 896-A of the Consolidated Labor Laws (CLT) were the most significant instruments created to filter the appeals submitted to the Federal Supreme Court for analysis. These mechanisms were inspired in successful principles in several legal systems around the world, such as the North-American writ of certiorari, the German rechtssache grundsätzlichen bedeutung and the Argentinean gravedad institucional, in addition to similar principles existing in other countries, such as United Kingdon, Canada, Australia and Japan. Thus, the general repercussion of constitutional matters, conceived from previous experiences and international inspirations to operate as a mechanism to select the claims submitted to the Federal Supreme Court, was created as a new intrinsic requirement of admissibility of extraordinary appeals. This purpose of the new principle was to create a selection filter of the extraordinary appeals to be decided by the Federal Supreme Court based on the criteria of relevance and scope of the matters under discussion. In other words, only the matters with great repercussion in the legal, political, economic and social spheres may be analyzed by our Supreme Court. Irrespective of all interpretation difficulties resulting from the vagueness of such conceptual terms, the declared intention of the principle of general repercussion is to cause the Federal Supreme Court to resume its duties such as a Constitutional Court, removing matters of minor importance from its jurisdiction, so that its Justices may focus on the matters that are truly relevant to society. And this is the purpose of this study: a critical analysis of the general repercussion principle, its theoretical definition and practical application. The principle of General Repercussion, which as created by Constitutional Amendment No. 45 and regulated by Law No. 11.418/2006, is difficult to define due to the fact that it is undetermined and very vague. The inexistence of a well determined and exact definition allows the normative texts to closely follow the complexity of the social and human relationships, in addition to restoring the valorization of the other sources of Law as manners of supplementing and filling gaps of each specific case. Another issue to be carefully analyzed shall be the unappealableness of the decision which denies the claim of existence of general repercussion. Does the provision of such a radical consequence imply the denial of the opportunity of appellant to be heard? Has it contributed to the advance of dictatorial and authoritarian positions? How to solve, for instance, an error of classification of a certain extraordinary appeal wrongly reputed as devoid of general repercussion? Is there a way of, even so, submit the matter to the Supreme Court for analysis? The answers to these questions will reveal, in addition to the dimension of the practical effectiveness of the general repercussion principle, the potential rejection by the society and the reach to several technical mechanisms able to circumvent the decisions issued by the Federal Supreme Court. In order to have closer notion of the actual reality of the Brazilian Judicial Branch, this study presents the analysis of data, numbers and statistics supplied by the Federal Supreme Court itself in its annual reports and periodical bulletins regarding the implementation of the principle of general repercussion of constitutional matters. In fact, it is actually undeniable that the number of appeals submitted to the Federal Supreme Court for analysis and trial has been reduced a lot since the actual application of this new filter to select cases. Therefore, we note that this filtering system will not only have the task to reduce the load of work submitted to the Higher Courts, but it will also be revealed as an instrument of improvement of the constitutional jurisdiction, improving and accelerating the assignment of Justice. Thus, today we have a new scenario of the Brazilian Judicial Branch; with the slow adoption of a structure able to entertain the claims made and to resolve them in more effectively and swiftly, and the Federal Supreme Court may act again as the true guardian of the Brazilian Constitution.

No direito constitucional brasileiro, desde a primeira Constituição (1824), ainda sob o regime imperial, o Executivo é obrigado a prestar contas ao Legislativo, sobre as despesas públicas. A primeira Constituição republicana (1891) criou o Tribunal de Contas, como instituição auxiliar do Congresso, com a tarefa de elaborar um parecer prévio sobre as contas prestadas pelo Presidente da República ao Congresso, que faria o julgamento final. A Constituição de 1988 manteve para o Tribunal de Contas e para o Congresso as mesmas atribuições. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é examinar, no contexto do sistema de controle parlamentar de Governo instituído pela Constituição atual, os fundamentos pelos quais o Congresso pode aprovar ou rejeitar as contas do Executivo. / In the Brazilian constitutional law, since the first Constitution (1824), yet under the imperial regime, the Executive Branch is obliged to accounts for the Legislative Branch, about the public expenditures. The first Republican Constitution (1891) has created the Court of Accounts, as an auxiliary institution to the Congress, whit task to elaboration a previous analysis of the accounts rendered by the Brazilians Republics President to the Congress, who makes the final judgment. The Constitution of 1988 keeping to the Court of Accounts and to the Congress the same attributions. The main objective of this work is examine, in the context of Govern parliamentary control system established by actual Constitution, the fundaments by which the Congress can approve or reject the Executives counts.

O presente estudo pretende identificar os limites à iniciativa probatória do juiz, partindo da análise de aspectos relacionados à estruturação do processo, cognição, persecução da verdade e provas, para, posteriormente, proceder à indicação dos limites específicos que devem ser observados pelo julgador quando da determinação de produção de provas sem o requerimento da parte. Com isso, pretende-se examinar a iniciativa probatória de ofício sob a perspectiva das restrições impostas pela sistemática processual à atuação do juiz, de modo a se realizar uma classificação dos limites em função de diferentes critérios, dentre os quais se enquadra a possibilidade ou não de serem relativizados, e as consequências advindas do seu desrespeito, por parte do julgador. / This study intends to identify the limits of the judge\'s probative initiative, based on the analysis of certain aspects of proceeding, cognition, pursuit of truth and evidence, in order to point the specific limitations that must be obeyed, whenever he decides to look for evidences that were not required by parties. Thus, the present paper aims at examining the judges\'s probative initiative from the perspective of the restrictions that emerge from the procedural system, so as to sort them, among other criteria, by their aptitude of being or not surpassed by the judge\'s decisions. Finally, this paper tries to analyze the consequences of the disrespect of such limits.

Este estudo teve como objetivos criar um banco de itens para composição de testes para avaliação do raciocínio diagnóstico, a partir dos itens propostos por Gordon e Plunkett no Diagnostic Reasoning Test e descrever a proficiência no raciocínio diagnóstico de enfermeiras e estudantes de enfermagem. O referencial teórico assumido neste estudo foi a teoria de geração de hipóteses e a Psicometria foi o referencial metodológico utilizado para a seleção dos itens que compuseram o banco. Este estudo foi uma análise secundária das respostas a 35 itens de raciocínio diagnóstico, obtidas de 362 participantes de um estudo primário sendo 142 enfermeiras (39,2%), 212 (58,6%) estudantes de graduação em enfermagem e 8 (2,2%) sem informação; 93,4% mulheres; idade média de 29,5±9,4 anos. As enfermeiras tinham em média 13,9±8,1 anos de formadas e 84,8% dos estudantes cursavam do quinto semestre em diante. Os gabaritos das respostas aos 35 itens foram revisados e codificados, de acordo com o que as respostas do estudo primário foram pontuadas como variáveis dicotômicas. A análise pela TRI, modelo com dois parâmetros, usando o programa BILOG® indicou a exclusão de 4 dos 35 itens e forneceu os parâmetros de dificuldade e de poder de discriminação dos 31 itens restantes. Com esses parâmetros foi criada uma escala de proficiência em raciocínio diagnóstico e foram identificados os itens típicos de cada nível da escala. A análise qualitativa e comparativa dos itens típicos de cada nível permitiu descrever as habilidades diagnósticas requeridas em cada nível segundo a combinação dos seguintes fatores relacionados aos dados apresentados aos respondentes: especificidade das pistas para o diagnóstico mais provável; convergência de pistas em torno do diagnóstico mais provável; tradição do papel de enfermagem evocado pelos dados apresentados, especialização do contexto clínico e quantidade de dados disponíveis em cada item. A escala foi criada em torno de um valor médio igual a 200(±20). Os 31 itens selecionados posicionaram-se entre os níveis 200 e 340, com exceção dos níveis 220 e 340, que permaneceram sem qualquer item. A proficiência média dos enfermeiros da amostra do estudo primário foi 199,7(±13,6), a dos estudantes foi 200,3(±13,3) e não houve diferença estatística entre as duas categorias (t-student; p = 0,72). Não houve correlação significativa entre proficiência em raciocínio diagnóstico e anos de profissão para as enfermeiras (p = 0,97) e anos de graduação para as estudantes (p=0,204). O banco criado disponibiliza itens para avaliação de proficiência em raciocínio diagnóstico que podem ser aplicados a enfermeiras e estudantes de graduação em enfermagem em diversas situações de avaliação no ensino, pesquisa e assistência. Com a escala criada outros itens poderão ser desenvolvidos, especialmente para avaliar níveis de proficiência abaixo da média. A escala criada merece destaque pela discriminação das habilidades diagnósticas requeridas para o acerto dos itens de cada nível / The purpose of this study were to create an item bank for tests composition to assess diagnostic reasoning from the items proposed by Gordon and Plunkett in Diagnostic Reasoning Test and to describe the proficiency of nurses and nursing students\' diagnostic reasoning. The theory of hypothesis generation was the theoretical referential assumed in this study and Psychometry was the methodological referential used to select the items composing the bank. This study was the secondary analysis of the answers to 35 items of diagnostic reasoning, obtained from 362 participants in a primary study. The sample characteristics were: 149 (39.2%) nurses, 212 (58.6%) nursing students and 8 (2.2%) participants without information; 93.4% women; average age of 29.5±9.4 years old. The nurses had been graduated for 13.9±8.1 years on average and the students were at least at their fifth semester. The answers to the 35 items were checked and coded, according to what the answers from the primary study had been marked as dichotomous variables. The analysis by IRT, model with two parameters, using the program BILOG® indicated the exclusion of 4 out of the 35 items and provided the parameters of difficulty and discrimination power of the remaining 31 items. With these parameters, a scale of proficiency in diagnostic reasoning was created and the typical items of each level of the scale were identified. The qualitative and comparative analysis of the typical items of each level permitted describing the diagnostic skills requested in each level according to the combination of the following factors related to the data presented to the interviewees: the specificity of the clue for the most likely diagnosis; the convergence of the clue around the most likely diagnosis; tradition of the role of the nurse evoked by the presented data; specialization of the clinical context and the quantity of the data available in each item. The scale was created around an average value equal to 200(±20). The 31 selected items were between the levels 200 and 340, except for levels 220 and 340 which remained without any item. The average proficiency of the nurses assessed in the primary study\'s sample was 199.7(±13.6), while it was 200.3(±13.3) for the students, and there was no statistical difference between the two categories (t-student; p = 0.72). There was no significant correlation between the proficiency in diagnostic reasoning and years of work for the nurses (p=0.97) and years of graduation for the students (p=0.20). The created bank provides items to assess the proficiency in diagnostic reasoning which can be applied to nurses and nursing students in different situations of assessment in teaching, research and assistance. With the created scale, other items can be developed, especially to assess levels of proficiency below the average. The created scale is worth of note for its discrimination of the diagnostic skills required to mark the items of each level right

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:26:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael de Oliveira Guimaraes.pdf: 1061919 bytes, checksum: 6b7a96db080ba4594d638a30f285c1a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This search is committed to study about decisions made by only one judge on the superior courts, specially relating to their unappealable effects, which is been introduced to the procedure brazilian law by the amended judicial legislation reforms, as seen in the clause number 527, sole paragraph of Civil Procedure Code. Thus, it is clear a discussion among law principles such as the right of appeal and collegiate court versus the procedure economy and celerity. This is because, objecting to empty the Brazilian Courts, for many times, the reforms block the proper right of appeal and also interrupt any urgent guardianship, which should be given in the beginning of the appeal; as unpredictable consequence, it is remarkable an increasing of others procedure remedies, such as the writs of error coram nobis. For that, the present search, initially, talks about principles governing proceedings in the Courts, followed by analise the power of a decision made by the court judge committed to decide primarily the judicial demand, before going to the collegiate, and finally, give clearly the proper remedies available to contest such decisions, reknown as Internal Interlocutory Appeal and Regimental Interlocutory Appeal, and others / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo abordar a problemática das decisões, monocraticamente proferidas pelos desembargadores e ministros relatores, envolvendo a questão da sua irrecorribilidade introduzida pelas reformas do Judiciário, a exemplo da inovação do parágrafo único do artigo 527 no Código de Processo Civil. Situação na qual, vislumbra-se uma divergência de interesses entre os princípios do duplo grau de jurisdição e o da colegialidade frente ao princípio da economia e a celeridade processual. De sorte que, em busca do desafogamento das Turmas recursais, por vezes, tornam-se prejudicados o próprio direito de recorrer ou provoca-se o impedimento à tutela antecipada urgente, tendo como conseqüência inevitável o aumento, em número, de outros remédios processuais, a exemplo do mandado de segurança. Para tanto, o trabalho inicialmente aborda os princípios respeitantes nos Tribunais, para em seguida analisar o poder de decisão dos relatores, bem como elucidar os meios disponíveis para impugnar as decisões monocráticas, verdadeiramente designados de Agravo Regimental e Agravo Interno, dentre outros meios de impugnação

O Poder Judiciário brasileiro encontra-se em crise, sendo a excessiva morosidade dos processos seu principal ponto sensível. Diante disso, foram introduzidas alterações normativas destinadas a amenizar o grave cenário existente, como a Emenda Constitucional n. 45/04, que incluiu a razoável duração do processo no rol dos direitos e garantias fundamentais, e a Lei n. 11.232/05, que alterou a estrutura do processo civil de conhecimento e o conceito de sentença. A indigitada reforma processual implicou rompimento com o princípio da unicidade da sentença, possibilitando o fracionamento do julgamento de mérito, por meio de sentenças parciais. O presente estudo verificará as possibilidades e os limites de aplicação dessa técnica processual, bem como proporá solução a problemas surgidos no sistema recursal, o qual não foi adaptado à nova realidade processual existente. A cisão no julgamento do mérito também traz importantes reflexos no momento de formação da coisa julgada material, tema que foi recentemente objeto de análise pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Analisar-se-á o acerto do posicionamento adotado pela jurisprudência, buscando-se alcançar conclusão que tenha o condão de extrair o máximo de efetividade do método estatal de resolução de conflitos. O tema é intrigante, apresentando diversas possibilidades. Não há dúvidas de que do fracionamento do exame do mérito decorrerão dificuldades e dúvidas, as quais devem ser solvidas pelos operadores do direito, em prol de um processo mais efetivo e capaz de produzir os resultados que dele se esperam / The Brazilian Judiciary is in crisis and the excessive length of proceeding isits main sore point. Therefore, legislative amendments were introduced,aiming at alleviating the serious existing scenario, as the Constitutional Amendment 45/04, which included the reasonable duration of the process (speedy trial clause) in the list of fundamental rights and guarantees, and Law 11.232/05, which changed the structure of civil procedure and the concept of sentence. The nominee procedural reform entailed breaking with the principle of unity of the sentence, allowing the fractionation of judgment, through partial sentences. This study will examine the possibilities and limits of application of this technique, and propose solution to problems arising in the appeal system, which was not adapted to the new reality. The split in judging the merit also carries important consequences on the formation of res judicata, a topic that has recently been examined by the Superior Tribunal de Justiça. The correctness of the position adopted by the jurisprudence will be analyzed, seeking to reach a conclusion that has the power to extract the maximum effectiveness of the state method of conflict resolution. The topic is intriguing, presenting several possibilities. There is no doubt that from the partial judgment of merits derives difficulties and doubts, which should be answered by law operators, in favor of a more effective process and capable of producing results that are expected of it.