[pt] É no contexto da proposta kantiana para a prática da moralidade que a tese está centrada. Dentro desse contexto, o foco principal é o problema da educação, pois a educação para a moralidade tem pressupostos e requer determinadas práticas, que são melhor compreendidas se levamos em conta o âmbito do sistema kantiano. De acordo com Kant, a razão humana cumpre não só uma função teórica, voltada para o conhecimento da natureza, mas também uma função prática, voltada para ideia de liberdade. Isso faz com que a questão da moralidade e da educação tenham seu cerne na ideia de liberdade. Em função dessa ideia, segundo Kant, a razão é capaz de determinar a vontade e o agir do ser humano, possibilitando um agir autônomo. É com vistas à constituição de sujeitos autônomos que a tarefa da educação moral se faz necessária, tarefa que requer um longo caminho de formação do caráter e do aprendizado pela liberdade, aprendizado cujos pressupostos residem nos princípios da razão pura, os únicos que possibilitam a moralidade. / [en] This thesis is centered on Kant s proposal for the practice of morality. In this context, the main focus is the problem of education, since education for morality has principles and requires certain practices that make better sense if we take into consideration the realm of Kant s system. According to Kant, the human reason fulfills not only a theoretical function, aimed at the knowledge of nature, but also a practical function, aimed at the idea of freedom. Therefore, the question of morality and education has its roots in the idea of freedom. Reason is capable of determining the will and the actions of human beings, making an autonomous action possible. Aiming at the constitution of autonomous subjects, the task of moral education is necessary, and it requires a long path of formation of character and learning through freedom. The foundations of this learning reside in the principles of pure reason, the only ones to make morality possible.

Magister Legum - LLM (Public Law and Jurisprudence) / Prior to 2010, as a result of a sluggish global economy, the amalgamation and merger procedure in South Africa was active although it was at an all-time low.1 However, in 2010, there was an increase in amalgamation and merger activity in South Africa which was more pronounced in cross-border deals in South Africa and general corporate restructurings.2 As a result of this, as well as the developed infrastructure that was placed in preparation for the FIFA 2010 World Cup, the country attracted more and more foreign markets to invest in South Africa which contributed to the increasing rate of amalgamations and mergers.3 Nevertheless, the global recession has also contributed to the increase in amalgamations and merger activity as many companies in South Africa have merged to buck the negative trend that most companies find themselves in, increase their revenue and work with each other to advance the position of the company on a par with those of its competitors. However, there are various other reasons as to why companies consolidate their assets and liabilities. Recently, Tiso Blackstar, a merged investment holding company, consolidated their assets, liabilities and skills between Blackstar Plc and Tiso Investment Holdings to expand its operations and to seek investment opportunities in Africa which is boasting with economic growth.4 The company was of the opinion that the merger would not only enhance its scale and profitability, but it would also put the group on a new growth path.5 There are many benefits in which companies may reap from amalgamations and mergers, but elucidating them is beyond the scope of this research.

Title: Aesthetic judgement from philosophical, psychological, and neuroscientific perspectives Author: Tereza Hadravová Department: Aesthetics Department Supervisor: prof. PhDr. Vlastimil Zuska, CSc. Abstract: How does science relate to aesthetics? This question usually reads as a question concerning scientific contribution to aesthetics. Philosophers are most- ly skeptical about the application of scientific results in their domain, wheras psychologists and, in recent years, neuroscientists are optimistic. In the thesis, I argue that both of these positions, in their extreme versions, impede the mutual enrichment of science and aesthetics. The starting-point of the thesis is George Dickie's radical claim that no scientific information has ever been relevant for aesthetics. The claim, I argue, is firmly embedded in the aftermath of logical positivism: it is related to the e↵ort to "rescue" aesthetics from progressive eli- mination. As a consequence, most of analytic aesthetics discourse has ignored psychologically informed conception of aesthetic judgement, including some fine distinctions that such a conception enables, e.g. the di↵erence between judgements about pleasure and aesthetic judgements. The distinctions are further elaborated and, in the last part of the thesis, the results of this elaboration are...

Quality signalling in motion picture markets is hardly a new topic. It has been covered by many researchers over the years. However, most of the previous studies focused on quality signals in interactions between moviemakers and moviegoers. This study employs a more holistic approach as the author attempts to evaluate effects of quality signals throughout different stages of movies’ life cycle. The author has identified three audiences that movies are presented to; and, each group of audience generates a quality signal for the next audience. Based on the feedback from test audiences, moviemakers decide on when to show movies to professional critics and when to allow them to publish their reviews. Interpretation of these timelines become quality signals for the professional critics who interpret shorter time slot for review publication as a signal of the low quality of the movie and vice versa. Professional critics write their reviews which when published on review aggregators become quality signals for the moviegoers. Reviews generated by the initial moviegoers are interpreted by the moviegoers who intend to watch movies at a later stage. All three assumptions are operationalised and evaluated in a series of linear regression tests in this research on a sample containing 130 out of 134 widely released movies in the US and Canada domestic market in 2017. All of the abovementioned quality signals found to be significant as they could explain at least 40 % of the variance of respective response variables.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In our daily lives, we generally assess, positively or negatively, the objects, the events and the individuals and their behavior. There are, therefore, linguistic resources that we use in such evaluations and which are categorized by an approach originated from Sistemic-Functional Linguistic (HALLIDAY; HASAN 1989; HALLIDAY, 1994; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004), denominated Appraisal (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005), which was the theoretical base of this study, and, because of that, the concepts are approached here. This system elaborates a taxonomy that aims to assess the collective and individual values shared in a social group. The Assessment, as it was initially known, covers three sub-systems: attitude, engagement, and graduation. Attitude involves the affect, the judgement and the appreciation; the engagement can be monoglossic or heteroglossic; the graduation comprehends the force and the focus. This study works on one of the categories of attitude: the judgment. This category is responsible for assessing people's behavior, taking into account values of social esteem (capacity, tenacity and normality) and of social sanction (property and veracity). In this study, we also approach issues related to the media and discourse genres, with emphasis on the newspaper's genre, especially the editorial, since we aim, with this study, to analyze how the linguistic resources are used in such genres, when it comes to the judgment expression concerning the performance of the President of Brazil, Dilma Roussef. These editorials have been published in a renowned Brazilian news portal, O Estado de S. Paulo, between April and July 2012, being their corpus constituted of thirteen texts. The research being developed here is quali-quantitative and the analises have textual and semantic-interpretative nature. The results show the predominance of negative evaluations in relation to Presidente Dilma Roussef's performance, with social esteem evaluations prevailing, mainly of capacity. The evaluations are, mostly, explicit and suggest the interpretation that the President is not ready to administrate Brazil / Em nosso cotidiano, comumente avaliamos, positiva ou negativamente, os objetos, os eventos e os indivíduos e seus comportamentos. Há, pois, recursos linguísticos que utilizamos nessas avaliações e que são categorizados por uma abordagem que tem origem na Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY; HASAN 1989; HALLIDAY, 1994; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004), denominada Sistema de Avaliatividade (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005), que embasa teoricamente este estudo, e, por conta disso, os conceitos são aqui abordados. Esse Sistema elabora uma taxonomia que objetiva dar conta dos valores individuais e coletivos compartilhados em um grupo social. A Valoração, como foi inicialmente conhecida, abrange três subsistemas: atitude, engajamento e gradação. A atitude envolve o afeto, o julgamento e a apreciação; o engajamento pode ser monoglóssico ou heteroglóssico; a gradação compreende a força e o foco. Este estudo está voltado a uma das categorias da atitude: o julgamento. Essa categoria é responsável por avaliar o comportamento das pessoas, levando em consideração valores de estima social (capacidade, tenacidade e normalidade) e de sanção social (propriedade e veracidade). Neste estudo, abordamos também questões relativas à mídia, aos gêneros do discurso, com ênfase nos gêneros do jornal, especialmente no editorial, já que buscamos, com esta pesquisa, analisar como os recursos linguísticos são empregados em editoriais, no que se refere à expressão de julgamento em relação ao desempenho da Presidente do Brasil, Dilma Rousseff. Esses editoriais foram publicados no portal de notícias de um renomado jornal brasileiro, O Estado de S. Paulo, entre os meses de abril e julho de 2012, sendo o corpus constituído de treze textos. A pesquisa que aqui desenvolvemos é qualiquantitativa, e as análises têm cunho textual e semântico-interpretativo. Os resultados apontam para o predomínio de julgamentos negativos em relação ao desempenho da Presidente Dilma Rousseff, prevalecendo avaliações de estima social, sobretudo de capacidade. As avaliações são, predominantemente, explícitas e sugerem a interpretação de que a Presidente não está preparada para administrar o Brasil.

A universalidade do juízo de gosto não tem um princípio objetivo porque não pretende determinar nenhum objeto. Mas para assegurar sua necessidade e escapar da contingência da experiência, ela se ampara no princípio exemplar do senso comum (Gemeinsinn), ou seja, num princípio subjetivo que determina apenas por sentimento, e não por conceito, aquilo que apraz ou não apraz. No entanto, sob a pressuposição de um assentimento universal a respeito do que é belo, a necessidade neste juízo adquire uma representação objetiva baseada no fundamento de nosso sentimento. É na dedução deste fundamento do sensus communis que se concentra nosso esforço nesta dissertação, pois tentaremos mostrar que ela percorre toda a Crítica da Faculdade de Julgar Estética. / The universality of judgement of taste has none objective principle because does not intend to determine any object. Nevertheless, in order to assure its necessity and to escape from the experience\'s contingency, this universality supports itself in exemplary principle of common sense (Gemeinsinn), in other words, in a subjective principle which determines what is pleasure or not, only by feeling and not by concept. Although, under the presupposition of a universal agreement regarding what is beautiful, the necessity in this judgement acquires an objective representation based on our feeling\'s ground. It is in this deduction of this ground of sensus communis that concentrates our effort in this dissertation, because we will try to demonstrate that it courses through the entire Critique of Aesthetic Judgement.

Aborder la rhétorique du silence chez Pinter revient à examiner à la fois ce qui se passe sur scène, dans le texte poétique, et à jeter un regard sur les différents média dont son théâtre se sert pour aborder des thèmes liés à la guerre, à la menace, à l'existence, à la philosophie et à la métaphysique. Il y est aussi question de voir le rapport de cette modalité du langage à l'outil linguistique. L'ontologie du silence à permis de comprendre, qu'il s'agisse dans la communication ou dans la représentation, que cette réalité ne peut être compréhensible qu'à l'ombre de l'élément verbal. Le silence peut être perçu comme ce qui se dérobe à toute tentative de mise à mots. Pour nous imprégner du contenu de ce que Pinter cherche à nous faire parvenir, nous devons considérer ce sous-territoire verbal constitués de non-dits, d'allusions, de sous-entendus, mais également des espaces de l’indétermination. Et comme le langage n'est pas toujours téléologiquement motivé par l'expressivité, son caractère ambivalent, elliptique, fragmentaire, minimaliste et ésotérique constitue un défi pour le public. Cependant, l'étude étiologique (causes) du silence montre que tout ne peut s'expliquer par les limites, les failles et les impossibilités du langage et par le refus de l'engagement du locuteur ou de son capital cognitif et épistémologique. Le temps représente un obstacle majeur dans les efforts de l'homme d'expliquer des événements, faits antérieurs. S'il est difficile de parler précisément et objectivement du passé et du futur, nommer ou désigner ce qui se passe sous les yeux semble l'être également. En plus de la labilité et de l'oubli, la complexité des choses à dire peut aussi signifier l'arrêt définitif ou temporaire de tout discours. Avant l'échéance eschatologique, le silence n'est absolument pas un vide, un néant, même si des pesanteurs d'ordre encratique, idéologique et social rendent compte de la contrainte à laquelle sur tout sujet parlant est appelé à faire face. LE silence qui traverse le théâtre de Pinter est différent de cette absence de parole qu'impose la mort. Il n'est donc pas néontique, parce qu'il se justifie, d'une part, par une option artistique, et d'autre part, par le désir de nous rappeler qui nous sommes. Ce sont nos mots et nos silences qui font de nous ce que nous sommes dans ou sans interaction subjective : une entité sonore et une autre silencieuse. Tout être langagier est fait de ce qui s'énonce clairement et de ce qui ne cesse de s'échapper à toute expression verbale.Le choix porté sur l'adaptation cinématographique des pièces de Pinter obéit à l'effort de montrer que, quand les mots n'arrivent plus à dire, il faut se tourner vers des données sémiologiques, sémiotiques et somatico-gestuelles. Le genre poétique est un autre moyen par lequel les voix du silence nous parviennent à travers les allusions, les images et les symboles. Dans l’œuvre artistique de Pinter, le silence n'a pas qu'une signification mais aussi un rôle, une nature et des limites. Le silence n'est pas exclusivement dans le tacite ou le caché : il se trouve également dans ce qui se montre ou ce qui s'entend. Ce théâtre rappelle qu'à l'image du langage, le silence est une forme d'expression qui exige du spectateur une profonde attention pour comprendre le message qu'il entend lui faire passer. Par ailleurs, la protologie du silence révèle que d'autres arts de la scène tels que le praxis orchésale et la pratique musicale doivent leur existence à la réalité silencieuse. Vu que le silence sous-tend les moyens d'expression et de communication humaines, cela révèle du bon sens de lui reconnaître comme forme vivante. Le silence est à la fois une force centrifuge et centripète, car tout part de lui et retourne à son sein. Il est à l'origine de toute chose, et il survivra toute existence. / The main purpose of this research is not only to try to grasp the meaning of the unsaid and the hidden in the artistic work of Harold Pinter, but first and foresmost to show that language can neither have a meaning nor be made out if we do not consider what is lying underneath or if we disregard any reading between the lines. Even if it's obvious that the stage is more often than not under the yoke of words, the gist of any play is to be looked for in silence. In Pinter's dramatic world, silence can be understood as what cannot be said, what is not thoroughly said, what is not clearly expressed, what is not yet said, what will never be said. It can be due to many reasons, a silence may be observed under duress, as it may be made purposefully. The body language is more than important, for what is displayed through it can urge any shrewd spectator to muse upon what is beyond his eyes. Since words and images are not often reliable, the work of any spectator is to ponder over what is shown or said to him. And like any tool of communication, silence requires a text and a context to yield the substance emnodied in it. Any attempt to sever the language of words from that of silence is doomed to failure. Silence per se is the realm of silent words. Before being uttered, any word was first kept in silence. All discourses stem from silence, and whilst some can reach the listener, others need a particular attention, whence our interest in Pinter's early poems. The silence we'redealing with is not a void. It's pregnant with meaning and cannot be avoided as long as we're able to speak or we're potential locutors.

Como julgar um evento político? Com o advento da Revolução Francesa duas perspectivas se abriram aos intelectuais alemães diante desta pergunta: uma em nome da prudência, fundada na história empírica; outra em nome da liberdade, fundada na moral. Na primeira perspectiva, Rehberg, inspirado em Burke, acusou os revolucionários de aplicarem uma \"teoria pura\" na prática política e, por isso mesmo, confundirem a vontade de todos, conceito empírico, com a vontade geral, conceito teórico e puro. Na segunda perspectiva, dois filósofos se opuseram, Kant e Fichte, assumindo como pressuposto comum que a política deve ser julgada à luz do sentido moral da história. Para tanto, partiram de uma ligação estreita entre vontade e razão a partir da qual os conceitos de liberdade e finalidade deveriam ser pensados juntos numa espécie de escatologia moral. Mas, ao transporem a política da Historie para a Weltgeschichte, do plano dos eventos empíricos para o plano do sentido necessário da história, uma segunda questão se pôs: a política deve ser corrigida em nome da moral por meio de reforma ou por meio de revolução? Embora Kant tenha visto a Revolução Francesa como signo histórico do progresso moral da humanidade, isto não o impediu de condená-la juridicamente em nome do princípio da publicidade - que, segundo ele, toda revolução contra o poder constituído acaba por violar. Fichte, por outro lado, ora defende o direito de revolução dos indivíduos contra o estado despótico, ora defende certo despotismo estatal, no que diz respeito ao funcionamento da economia, tolhendo o arbítrio individual dos cidadãos. Posições contraditórias e ao sabor das circunstâncias? Não creio. Sustento que a diferença entre estes dois juízos políticos de Fichte não impede que eles mantenham certa identidade de base. Mas se é sempre em nome da liberdade que a política deve ser julgada, certamente não é a liberdade dos indivíduos que conta do ponto de vista da razão, e sim a libertação da espécie - porquanto cada indivíduo só pode assumir sua identidade no confronto e reconhecimento recíproco com os outros. Ao pretender erigir um \"sistema da liberdade\", fundar a razão numa atividade livre de autodeterminação, a Doutrina-da-ciência abriu caminho para que a liberdade moral se transformasse em libertação social e para que o \"reino dos fins\" chegasse à Terra - mediante uma \"escatologia da imanência\" que operou uma reforma da revolução. / How can one judge a political event? The French Revolution opened up two perspectives for the German intellectuals of the period to answer such question: one under the token of prudence, grounded on empirical history; the other brandishing the flag of liberty, grounded on morals. From the former,A. W. Rehberg, inspired by E. Burke, charged the revolutionaries of applying a \"pure theory\" to political practice, and, due to the same reason, of confusing the will of all, an empirical concept, with the general will, a pure and theoretical concept. From the latter perspective, Kant and Fichte, mutually opposed, assumed as a common premise that politics ought to be judged under the light of the moral meaning of history. In order to accomplish this, they both started from a close link between will and reason from which the conceptions of liberty and finality ought to be thought in connection in a kind of moral Eschatology. However, when they transposed politics from Historie to Weltgeschichte, that is, from the domaine of empirical events to the one of the necessary meaning of history, a second question had to be answered: should politics be corrected for the sake of morals by means of a reformation or of a revolution? Even though Kant saw French Revolution as a historical sign of the moral progress of humanity, such a fact didn\'t prevent him from issuing a legal condemnation of it in defense of the principle of publicity - a principle which, in his view, every revolution fledged against established sovereignty comes to violate. Fichte, on the other hand, sometimes defends the right of individuals to rise revolutionarily against the despotic state, but also seems to approve of certain forms of despotic guidance, concerning the working out of the economy, in the restriction of the individual will of the citizens. Could these be contradictory postions, suggested only by the vicissitudes of the circumstances? I don\'t believe so. I maintain that the difference that lie between these diverse Fichtean political judgments does not hinder the fact that they maintain a certain fundamental identity. But if it is always for the sake of liberty that politics ought to be judged, from the standpoint of reason it certainly is not the liberty of the individuals that counts, but rather the liberation of the species - for each individual can only assume his or her identity in contrast with and through reciprocal recognition of the others. By intending to build up a \"system of liberty\" and to ground reason on an activity free of self-determination, the Doctrine of Science opened up the road for the transformation of moral liberty into social liberation and for the \"kindom of ends\" to come to Earth - by means of a \"Eschatology of immanence\" that operated a reformation of the revolution.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The measurement of facial beauty is rather subjective, therefore when attempting to reestablish facial harmony and stomatognathic system function, one should learn the nuances of individual and ethnic characteristics of each patient, as well as their needs, in order to set an adequate treatment plan. Thus, the main objective of the present research was to compare the esthetic perception of lay people and dentists regarding asymmetries simulated in the inferior third of the face, in different ethnicities. Hence, three female models were selected (white, yellow, and black) and simulated alterations were performed in the inferior third of their faces, unilaterally, in every two degrees up to eight degrees of alteration. Finally, a total of 15 images was obtained (five of each model). A sample including 60 individuals equally divided between dentists (orthodontists, and oral-maxillofacial surgeons) and lay people evaluated these images. The images were presented in Power Point slides to the evaluators who made their analyses by answering a questionnaire that included, at first, questions regarding the level of facial pleasantness of the images presented (expressed by a numerical interval scale from zero to ten) and the need for intervention. Later, there were questions regarding what images were more and less pleasant for the same model. For data statistical analysis, the Kruskall Wallis test (p < .05) was used to assess the presence of statistical difference in the esthetic perception of the groups of evaluators regarding the degrees of facial alteration and the ethnicities used in the research; and the Mann- Whitney test (p < .05) was used to verify between which groups such difference occurred and whether the gender of evaluators had an influence on their perception of facial asymmetries. According to the statistical tests used, it was verified that orthodontists and lay people presented the same level of perception regarding facial alterations up to four degrees of deviation, orthodontists and oral-maxillofacial surgeons had a different assessment of facial alterations up to four degrees, and lay people and oral-maxillofacial surgeons had different overviews regarding the perception of facial alterations in all degrees of alteration. As for the verification of statistical difference among the ethnicities evaluated, white and yellow ethnicities presented difference in two degrees of facial alteration; white and black ethnicities presented difference in zero, two, and four degrees; and yellow and black ethnicities did not present statistically significant difference. As for the gender of the evaluator, it was found that men and women presented similar levels of perception regarding the facial deformities promoted. It was concluded that oral-maxillofacial surgeons were more skilled in detecting the facial alterations established, which suggests that the professional education provides a different overview in the perception of facial asymmetries, ethnicity plays a relevant role in the perception of facial alterations, and the gender of the evaluator had no influence in the perception of facial asymmetries. / A mensuração da beleza facial é bastante subjetiva, portanto quando se pensa em restabelecer a harmonia facial e a função do sistema estomatognático, deve-se buscar conhecer as nuances das características individuais e étnicas de cada paciente, além de suas necessidades para a instituição de um adequado plano de tratamento. Assim, o objetivo principal da presente pesquisa foi comparar a percepção estética de leigos e cirurgiões-dentistas em relação a assimetrias faciais simuladas no terço inferior da face, em diferentes etnias. Para tanto, foram selecionadas três modelos femininas (branca, amarela e negra), nas quais foram realizadas alterações simuladas no terço inferior da face, unilateralmente, de dois em dois graus até atingir a alteração de oito graus. Ao final, foi obtido um total de 15 imagens (cinco de cada modelo). Para avaliação dessas imagens, foi utilizada uma amostra composta por 60 indivíduos divididos igualmente entre cirurgiões-dentistas (ortodontistas e cirurgiões buco-maxilo-faciais) e leigos. As imagens foram apresentadas, por meio de slides em Power Point, aos avaliadores que realizaram suas análises respondendo a um questionário que continha, em um primeiro momento, perguntas referentes ao grau de agradabilidade facial das imagens apresentadas (expresso por uma escala intervalar numérica de zero a dez) e à necessidade de intervenção das mesmas, posteriormente, perguntas relativas à qual seria a imagem mais e a menos agradável de uma mesma modelo. Para a análise estatística dos dados foi utilizado o teste Kruskall Wallis (p < .05) para avaliar a existência de diferença estatística na percepção estética dos grupos de avaliadores quanto aos graus de alteração facial instituídos e em relação às etnias utilizadas na pesquisa e o teste Mann- Whitney (p < .05) para verificar entre quais grupos ocorria tal diferença e se existia a influência do gênero do avaliador em sua percepção das assimetrias faciais. De acordo com os testes estatísticos utilizados, foi verificado que ortodontistas e leigos apresentaram o mesmo nível de percepção quanto às alterações faciais até quatro graus de desvio, ortodontistas e cirurgiões buco-maxilo-faciais avaliaram de modo diferente as alterações faciais até quatro graus e que leigos e cirurgiões buco-maxilo-faciais apresentaram olhares diferentes quanto à percepção das alterações faciais em todos os níveis de alteração. Quanto à verificação da diferença estatística entre as etnias avaliadas, foi observado que entre as etnias branca e amarela, apenas apresentou diferença em dois graus de alteração facial, entre as etnias branca e negra, houve diferença em zero, dois e quatro graus, e entre as etnias amarela e negra não houve diferença estatisticamente significante. Em relação ao gênero do avaliador, foi constatado que homens e mulheres apresentaram níveis de percepção semelhantes quanto às deformidades faciais promovidas. Foi possível concluir que os cirurgiões buco-maxilo-faciais foram mais hábeis em detectar as alterações faciais instituídas, sugerindo que a formação do profissional promove um olhar diferenciado na percepção de assimetrias faciais, que a etnia possui papel relevante na percepção da alteração facial e que o gênero do avaliador não exerceu influência na percepção das assimetrias faciais.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O presente trabalho, que se insere na Ãrea da LingÃÃstica de Texto, teve como objetivo geral discutir a relaÃÃo gÃnero (resenha) e comunidade (jornalÃstica) a partir da anÃlise das categorias propÃsito comunicativo e avaliaÃÃo. Para a realizaÃÃo deste objetivo, utilizamos o suporte teÃrico da Ãrea de AnÃlise de GÃneros (SWALES, 1990, 1992, 1993; BAKHTIN, 1990, 1997, 2002), da RetÃrica (MILLER, 1994a, 1994b), do sistema da Avaliatividade (MARTIN, 2003; MARTIN, WHITE, 2008) e da noÃÃo de campo de Bourdieu (1997, 2005) que se insere na Ãrea da Sociologia. Mediante a anÃlise de 94 (noventa e quatro) resenhas publicadas em jornais e revistas brasileiras, 15 (quinze) entrevistas com os resenhistas e 06 (seis) questionÃrios com leitores especializados, realizamos uma pesquisa de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa no que concerne ao estudo do propÃsito comunicativo e qualitativa no que se refere ao estudo da avaliaÃÃo. Esse empreendimento teÃrico-metodolÃgico foi realizado em trÃs etapas: a elaboraÃÃo de um esboÃo para a noÃÃo de comunidade jornalÃstica, a identificaÃÃo de um padrÃo retÃrico, de natureza heurÃstica, e a descriÃÃo de uma chave dos padrÃes avaliativos das resenhas nÃo-acadÃmicas. Para a construÃÃo da noÃÃo de comunidade jornalÃstica mobilizamos as condiÃÃes especÃficas da esfera de atividade humana, segundo a conceituaÃÃo de Bakhtin (1990, 1997, 2002), as forÃas centrÃpetas e centrÃfugas da comunidade retÃrica, segundo o entendimento de Miller (1994a, 1994b), o conjunto perceptÃvel de objetivos e uma seleÃÃo de gÃneros utilizados pela comunidade discursiva, de acordo com a proposta de Swales (1990, 1992, 1993), as coerÃÃes internas e as posiÃÃes das instituiÃÃes e dos agentes no campo jornalÃstico definidos por Bourdieu (1997, 2005). O estudo do propÃsito comunicativo indicou a presenÃa de propÃsitos especÃficos (âapresentar o autorâ e âavaliar o autorâ), alÃm dos que sÃo ordinariamente conduzidos em resenhas acadÃmicas. Observamos tambem um conjunto de movimentos retÃricos especÃficos. O estudo da avaliaÃÃo revelou uma maior freqÃÃncia da ApreciaÃÃo da obra do que Julgamento do autor, uma baixa freqÃÃncia da categoria Afeto e a realizaÃÃo de todas as variÃveis da categoria Engajamento. Esses resultados nos permitem afirmar que os propÃsitos comunicativos e a avaliaÃÃo em resenhas nÃo-acadÃmicas sÃo afetados pelas condiÃÃes de produÃÃo da comunidade jornalÃstica. / Situated in the field of Text Linguistics, this study aims to discuss the overall relationship between genre,(specifically book reviews,) and community (specifically the journalistic one), throught the analysis of communicative purpose and appraisal categories. In order to achieve this objective, I used the theoretical background of Genre analysis theory (SWALES, 1990, 1992, 1993; BAKHTIN, 1990, 1997, 2002), Rhetorics (MILLER, 1994a, 1994b), the Appraisal system (MARTIN, 2003; MARTIN, WHITE, 2008), and of Pierre Bourdieuâs (1997, 2005) notion of field, related to the area of Sociology. On examining a total of 94 (ninety four) book reviews in Brazilian newspapers and magazines, 15 (fifteen) interviews with reviewers, and 06 (six) questionnaires applied to specialist readers, I first conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses, regarding the study of communicative purpose, and then a qualitative analysis, with regard to the study of appraisal. This theoretical and methodological development was carried out in three steps: preparing an outline for the notion of journalistic community, the identification of a rhetorical standard, heuristic in nature, and the description of a key for the appraisal patterns of the non-academic reviews. To produce the notion of the journalistic community I mobilized the specific conditions of the sphere of human activity, according to Bakhtin (1990, 1997, 2002), the centripetal and centrifugal forces of the rhetoric community, according to Miller (1994a, 1994b), the perceptible set of objectives and a selection of genres used in the discourse community, as suggested by Swales (1990, 1992, 1993), and the internal coertions and positions of the agents in the journalistic field, according to Bourdieu (1997, 2005). The study of the communicative purpose indicated the presence of specific purposes (âpresenting the authorâ and âevaluating the authorâ), other than those usually conducted in academic book reviews. A set of specific rhetorical moves was also observed. The study of appraisal revealed a higher frequency of Appraisal of the book than of Judgement of the author, a low frequency of the category Affect, and manifestation of all the variables of the category Engagement. These results suggest that communicative purposes and appraisal in non-academic book reviews are affected by production conditions of the journalistic community.