¡@Because the public take account of ecological and environmental protection, there are many conflicts between the public and constructors to trigger many obstacles and duels in construction of many infrastructures. Thus, tradeoff between environment, lives, property and economic benefits is a big problem. In the researches of plural public affairs decision making and cognition impact management problems, practical researches found that Hammond(1965, 1975, 1996) developed SJT(Social Judgement Theory) from Lens model and had significant effects and contributions for analysis of public affairs decision making. The thesis uses SJT and studies cognition conflict management on representative case of environmental protection ¡¥the construction of CPC Yung-An LNG¡¦ in Taiwan. ¡@CPC Yung-An LNG began construction in May in 1984. Because environmental consciousness rose, the public gave relief to themselves when encountering environmental pollution. Negligence of communication with the village and of good-neighborliness makes the village not make allow and trigger Yung-An village dueled. This study bases on economic environment, gathers relative literatures and presents four controversial and representative topic for decision variables. They are individually ¡¥X1(benefit of construction of the firm)¡¦ and ¡¥X2(subsidies for the residents)¡¦ for economy, ¡¥X3(threat for ecology and environment)¡¦ for environment and ¡¥X4(threat for lives and property)¡¦ for both economy and society. ¡@This study uses SJT on the construction of ¡¥CPC Yung-An LNG¡¦ for cognition conflict management. The results are as below: (i)Government has higher stability and consistency of making decision than the residents. (ii)Government and the residents have significant difference for weight mean values of X1, X2 and X4. And they are the conflicts between them. (iii)Men and women have no significant difference for weight mean values of all decision variables. (iv)The older deciders have higher emphasis on X3 than the younger. But they have no significant difference for weight mean values of the other decision variables. (v)Lower educational background deciders have higher emphasis on X4, and there is no significant difference for all the other decision variables. (vi)There is no significant difference for weight mean values of all decision variables between core and border area. ¡@Finally, the study gets the judging principles of government and the residents. They are ¡¦average weights¡¦ and ¡¥function types¡¦ of all decision variables. Then, we use ¡¥specify¡¦ on Policy PC 3.0 software to make estimated judging table for all decision situations for government and the residents. Looking into the table can estimate the acceptance of government and the residents for all combinations of decision variables when making policies. We also can use the table to estimate the change of acceptance of government and the residents when any decision variables improve, and the authorizations can use the resources for the most efficient and effective applications when proposing improving methods.

<p>Background: A company’s choice of capital structure is influenced by the access to internal and external capital but also by the opportunities and threats that the management perceives in the environment and the management’s attitude towards risk. How an individual perceives and interpret the environment depends on the cognitive structures, which are shaped by personality, background and earlier experiences. Accordingly cognitive structures can be expected to influence the choice of capital structure. </p><p>Purpose: Out of a cognitive perspective we intend to study the relationship between the way a company views it’s environment and what capital structure it chooses to have, in order to contribute to an increased understanding about what lies behind a company’s capital structure policy. </p><p>Delimitations: Debt policy refers to the choice of capital structure. Cognition is briefly presented as a phenomena and in relation to risk judgement in decision processes. </p><p>Realization: Our empirical studies are based on information from the annual reports of H&M, JC and Lindex from the period of 1989-2000. </p><p>Results: The studied companies have a very similar view on the environment and their capital structures are relatively similar since all of them have a high share of equity. Consequently the choice of capital structure can be said to be influenced by the company’s view on the environment even though this is not the only influencing factor.</p>

Teismo sprendimų vykdymas yra baigiamoji civilinio proceso stadija, kurios metu siekiama įvykdyti teismo sprendimą, o isieskotojas ir skolininkas realiai patiria teisinį ir materialinį teismo sprendimo poveikį. Vykdant teismo sprendimus, svarbu griežtai laikytis įstatymo nustatytos priverstinės teismo sprendimų vykdymo tvarkos, kad nebūtų pažeidžiamos išieskotojo, skolininko bei trečiuju asmenų teisės ir teisėti interesai. 2003 m. sausio 1d. įsigaliojo naujieji vykdymo procesą reglamentuojantys įstatymai. Šiandien jau galime daryti pirmas išvadas, dėl naujos antstolių darbu reglamentuojančios tvarkos. Darbe aptariami turto realizavimo būdai ir aktualiausios jų taikymo problemos. Populiariausiu turto realizavimo vykdymo procese būdu yra turto pardavimas iš varžytiniu. Kiti būdai, kaip parodė autorės atliktas tyrimas yra praktiskai nenaudojami. / The implementation of court judgements is the final stage of civil procedure during which a court judgment comes into force. Further a plaintiff as well as a debtor faces juridical and real actions concerning the property. The implementation of court judgements requires following the order accurately. Lawful concerns and rights of a plaintiff, a debtor and a third person mustn’t be violated. New laws that regulate the enforcement of judgments came into force in 1 January 2003. The first inferences maybe drown today concerning the new order that regulates bailiff actions. The main issue discussed in this research is the ways of the realization of property and the problems arising in the process of realization. It is considered that the most popular means of realization of property is bidding in an auction. The other means, as it was demonstrated in this research, are not used in the real life.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Syfte: Studiens syfte är att beskriva och analysera erfarna revisorers uppfattning om ett strukturellt arbetssätt i form av checklistor för både erfarna och mindre erfarna revisorer. Empirisk metod: Studien bygger på en kvantitativ metod i form av en enkätstudie utskickad till alla Sveriges auktoriserade revisorer. Svarsfrekvens var 4,8 procent. Svaren analyserades genom Pearson korrelationsmatris, multipel linjär regression och t-test. Resultat: Resultatet visar en generell positivitet till checklistanvändande, dock är revisorers uppfattning att de är mer positiva till att de mindre erfarna revisorerna använder sig av checklistor. Teoretiskt perspektiv: Applicerar teori om professioner, struktur och omdöme på revisorer med olika erfarenhet. / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze experienced auditors' perception of a structural working approach in the form of checklists for both experienced and less experienced auditors. Methodology: The study is based on a quantitative method in the form of a questionnaire sent to all Swedish approved auditors. The response rate was 4.8 percent. The responses were analyzed by Pearson correlation matrix, multiple linear regression and t-test. Findings: The results showed a general positivity to checklist use, however, the auditors are even more in favor of the less experienced auditors to use checklists. Theoretical perspectives: We apply theory of professions, structure and judgement at the auditors with diverse experience.

Principals are required to continuously exercise their discretion on a variety of matters that affect schools, teachers, children and communities. In spite of this reality, not much study has been done in this area of the principal’s job. In this study I examine discretionary decision-making in areas of discipline, budgets and staff management. I found that principals seek to balance the needs of their students against defensibility of their actions within the context of seemingly conflicting school board policies, school policies and superintendents expectations. I present a new conceptual model for discretion and a call for careful policy writing, increased understanding of discretion by administrators and further studies which would include the perspectives of those affected by principals’ decisions.

Recent studies have shown that different free will beliefs affect moral behavior. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether different free will beliefs also influence moral judgment. College students (N = 56) were randomly assigned to one of three framing manipulations: free will, determinism, or neutral. They then read three morally questionable scenarios that differed by situational context. Following each scenario, participants completed a moral judgment questionnaire that measured four moral constructs: moral evaluation, moral responsibility, justification, and punishment. Finally, participants completed a Free Will & Determinism Questionnaire (FWD-Q) that measured their lay beliefs in free will and determinism. For analysis, we grouped participants according to their reported FWD-Q scores into one of three groups: free will, determinism, or compatibilism. We found that different free will beliefs influenced moral judgment to a small degree, but not in the ways that we predicted. Our results show that situational context affects moral judgment much more than lay philosophical beliefs regarding free will. Future studies should examine whether this still holds true for older adults with more developed worldviews.

Principals are required to continuously exercise their discretion on a variety of matters that affect schools, teachers, children and communities. In spite of this reality, not much study has been done in this area of the principal’s job. In this study I examine discretionary decision-making in areas of discipline, budgets and staff management. I found that principals seek to balance the needs of their students against defensibility of their actions within the context of seemingly conflicting school board policies, school policies and superintendents expectations. I present a new conceptual model for discretion and a call for careful policy writing, increased understanding of discretion by administrators and further studies which would include the perspectives of those affected by principals’ decisions.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Thesis--University of Oklahoma. / Bibliography: leaves 36-40.