The problems of this study, using secondary teachers in selected schools in Region X, Texas, was to determine (a) How teachers perceived the climate in their school using the Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire (OCDQ); (b) how teachers perceived factors of motivation to work using the Educational Work Components Study questionnaire (EWCS); (c) whether or not teachers who perceived the climate similarly had different perceptions concerning factors of motivation to work. A sample of 600 secondary teachers in Service Center Region X, Texas, was selected to participate, of which 422 completed and returned the two questionnaires (Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire and Educational Work Components Study).

The career transition from junior to senior (JST) is described as the most difficult step during an athlete's career, and it is a critical step that many athletes fail to get through (Stambulova, 2009). Stambulova also highlights in her study that a team athlete's experiences of career transitions can be influenced by teammates. Hence, in this study, the focus was on individual athletes, in this case elite golfers, in order to gain a deeper understanding of how the career transition is experienced on a personal level. The purpose of the study was to explore golfers' retrospective experiences of the career transition from junior to senior. The holistic career development model (Wylleman, 2019) and the career transition model (Stambulova, 2009) were used in the study as a theoretical framework. The study was conducted through semi-structured interviews of nine elite golfers aged 19-31 (M=25.44, SD=3.74). Three women and six men participated in the study. All interviewees had successfully completed the JST, as all participants, at the time when the study was conducted, played golf on the highest tours both nationally and internationally. The interview result was analyzed by thematic analysis according to Braun et al. (2016). The analysis was divided into four categories based on the career transition model (Stambulova, 2009). The four categories were as follows; elite players' perceived demands during the transition from junior to senior, their perceived resources, barriers and finally their coping strategies. According to these categories, sub-categories and themes were then formed. The authors analyzed the results on the basis of a deductive approach, with elements of an inductive approach in the development of the results' themes. The results of the study show an increase in requirements during the career transition. It also shows which resources were contributing, and which barriers emerged. To deal with the barriers, the results show which coping strategies were used, which together with the resources contributed to a successful transition for the participants. The result has the potential to give elite juniors, but also coaches, a wider view of how increased knowledge of JST can contribute to an effective and successful transition. The results of the interviews were then discussed in accordance with the theoretical frame of reference and previously presented research. / Karriärövergången från junior till senior (JST) beskrivs som det svåraste steget i en idrottareskarriär, och ett kritiskt steg som många idrottare misslyckas att ta sig igenom (Stambulova,2009). Stambulova (2009) lyfter även fram i sin studie att en lagidrottares upplevelser kringkarriärövergångar kan påverkas av lagkamrater. Därav riktades i denna studie fokus påindividuella idrottare i form av elitgolfspelare, för att få en djupare förståelse kring hurkarriärövergången upplevs ur ett personligt perspektiv. Syftet med studien var att utforskagolfspelares retrospektiva upplevelser av karriärövergången från junior till senior.Den holistiska karriärutvecklingsmodellen (Wylleman, 2019) ochkarriärövergångsmodellen (Stambulova, 2009) användes i studien som teoretiskt ramverk.Studien utfördes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer av nio elitgolfspelare i ålder 19–31 år.Det deltog tre kvinnor och sex män (M=25,44, SD=3,74). Samtliga intervjupersoner hadegenomgått JST på ett lyckat sätt, då alla deltagarna, vid studiens utförande, spelar golf på dehögsta tourerna såväl nationellt som internationellt. Intervjuresultatet analyserades genomtematisk analys enligt Braun et al. (2016). Analysen delades upp i fyra kategorier baserade påkarriärövergångsmodellen (Stambulova, 2009). De fyra kategorierna var följande;elitgolfspelares upplevda krav under övergången från junior till senior, deras upplevda resurser,barriärer och slutligen deras copingstrategier. Utifrån dessa kategorier formades sedanunderkategorier och teman. Författarna analyserade resultatet utifrån en deduktiv, med inslagav induktiv, ansats vid framtagandet av resultatets teman. Studiens resultat påvisar enkravökning under karriärövergången. Det påvisar även vilka resurser som var bidragande, ochvilka barriärer som dök upp. För att hantera barriärerna, påvisar resultatet vilka copingstrategiersom användes, som tillsammans med resurserna bidrog till en lyckad övergång för deltagarna.Resultatet har potential att ge elitjuniorer, men även tränare, en bredare uppfattning om hurökad kunskap om JST kan bidra till en effektiv och lyckad övergång. Resultatet av intervjuernadiskuterades sedan i enlighet med den teoretiska referensramen och tidigare presenteradforskning.

The effects of top-level text structure and signaling on the reading recall of Japanese female junior college students studying English as a foreign language were investigated in this study. One hundred thirty-two subjects were selected from a private female junior college in Tokyo. The students were divided into three groups—high, average, and low reading comprehension levels—based on the results of the Test of Reading Comprehension. The instrument used to measure students' recall ability was developed from expository passages taken from a biology textbook. The passages were rearranged to show identifiable top-level structure, collection of description, causation, problem/solution, or comparison. Each passage was divided into two versions: a with-signaling version, in which top-level structure was explicitly stated by signaling words or phrases, and a without-signaling version, where signaling words or phrases were omitted. After the students were stratified on reading comprehension, they were assigned to eight different versions of text—two of each of the four top-level text structures, one with- and one without-signaling. In the recall test, students were instructed to read the text and to remember as much as they could.

"The purpose of this paper is to develop a list of printed books on China, in the fields of fiction and non-fiction, suitable for use with junior and senior high school students. Since the writer of this paper is a Chinese girl who has appreciated the opportunity to live and study in America for the past six years, she is especially interested in suggesting adequate materials for use in America in motivating a better understanding of China. The compilation of such a bibliography has been undertaken as a step in achieving the good will and better understanding of English-speaking peoples in relation to China. As a result of discussion with Mrs. Sara K. Srygley, formerly Consultant in Library Service, Florida State Department of Education, and an examination of an available bibliography of books for high school libraries, it has been ascertained that there is a need for such a list"--Introduction. / "June, 1953." / At head of title: Florida State University. / Typescript. / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." / Advisor: Sara K. Srygley, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-45).

International research on bullying suggests that bullying is pervasive in schools and the workplace. Most researchers concur that bullying behavior is a disruptive factor to the social and educational well-being of students. Previous research, grounded in social and family systems theory, has indicated those who bully tend to be involved in self-destructive and delinquent behaviors. Additionally, in the only-large scale study on bullying behaviors, 29% of the 10th-grade student body admitted to being bullied that school year. Further, in a new study conducted by the Josephson Institute of Ethics, half of all high school students reported that they have bullied another student. In spite of these studies, there remains a paucity of information in the literature regarding what distinguishes bullies from other students in terms of family factors such as family size, family composition, and birth order. Little has been conducted on which variables in the home contribute to being labeled a bully. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationships that exist between reported middle-school bullying and each of the above-named family variables. This study examined archival data from a standardized bully questionnaire completed by middle school students. A correlational analysis approach of the bully subscale score and family factors indicate that having a small family size and living with both parents are associated with a lower probability of engaging in bullying behavior. This research yields insight on relationships between bullying behaviors and family variables. Implications for social change included better assessment of, identification of risk factors of bullying behaviors which can lead to a more comprehensive model of bullying strategies that includes broadening our understanding of bullies as being part of a family system versus as an isolated individual.

Magister Educationis - MEd / This study argues that not all children in the Junior Primary phase benefit from the Problem Centred Approach in mathematics that was adapted by the Research, Unit for Mathematics at the University of Stellenbosch (RUMEUS). \One of the reasons could be that not all pupils can construct their own knowledge and methods. There are the highly capable pupils who cope well with this approach. These pupils are able to solve mathematical problems with little or no teacher interaction. Then there are the average and weaker pupils who cannot solve a mathematical problem on their own. These pupils need strategies and skills to solve problems and they need the teacher to mediate these strategies and skills to them, which will help these pupils to become autonomous problem solvers. ,Working in groups can, to some extent, supplement mediation or teacher interaction. Peer group teaching can be effective, whereby pupils are placed in groups so that the more capable pupils can teach concepts or make concepts clearer to the average or weaker pupils). There is, however, the possibility that when pupils of mixed abilities are placed in groups of four there might be one pupil who might refuse to work with the group. This pupil will work on her own and will not share ideas with the other members of the group. If this happens, mediation is necessary for those pupils who cannot solve a mathematical problem on their own. The purpose of this study is to investigate how exposure to mediation can improve pupils' problem solving abilities. As directions for my research I've chosen the first six criteria of Feuerstein's Mediated Learning Experiences (MLE). The first three parameters: intentionality and reciprocity, mediation of transcendence and mediation of meaning _are conditions for an interaction to qualify as MLE. Mediation of competence and regulation of behaviour are functions of specific experiences that combine with the first three to make an adult-child interaction one of mediated learning. Mediation of sharing behaviour . can be added. Here the child and the mediator are engaged in a shared quest for structural change in the child. In addition to this, the five mechanisms of mediational teaching, i.e. process questioning; challenging or asking reasons; bridging; teaching about rules; and emphasising order, predictability, system, sequence and strategy are also used in the implementation of mediation as described by Haywood. Two methods of investigation were chosen. The pupils' problem solving abilities were studied by means of eight word sums, of which the first four word sums were done in the pre-test and the other four word sums in the post-test. After the pre-test and before the post-test there was a period of mediational teaching for the experimental group. During this period and during the post-test the control group was denied mediation. After this research, mediation was also available for the control group. Two pupils from the experimental group were then chosen for further in-depth, think-aloud, person-to-person interviews. The aim of the interviews was to determine why these pupils could not solve the problem in the pre-test, but could successfully solve the post-test question. The results of the word sums in the pre-test and the post-test were compared. The role of strategies and thinking skills is concentrated on in the results. Mediation was not equally successful in all of the four different types of problem sums. Questions one and five contained two or more numbers and here pupils tended to either plus or minus these numbers. Questions two and six also contained numbers, but this is a problem situated in a real life situation. Questions three and seven contained no numbers and questions four and eight compelled pupils to first work out a plan. Mediation was most successful in problem sums situated in a real life situation, followed by problem sums which compelled pupils to first work out a plan, and then by problem sums where there were no numbers. Mediation was least; successful in problem sums that contained two or more numbers. Analysis of these results shows that with mediation there is an improvement in the pupils' problem solving abilities; Mediation can be viewed as S-H-O-H-R, in which the human mediator (H) is interposed between the stimulus (S) and the organism (0), and between the organism and the response (R). We can argue that the Problem Centred Approach without mediation can produce individuals who are little, if at all, affected by their encounter and interaction with new situations. Due to the lack of support in the Problem Centred Approach to Mathematics, it is the aim of this mini-thesis to propose mediation as an essential component in the Problem Centred Approach to Mathematics in the Junior Primary phase.

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a curriculum guide to be made available to junior high schools in the state of Arkansas. A study of the amount of health knowledge possessed by eighth grade students in Arkansas was made to assist the investigator in the construction of the curriculum guide. The objective of the study was to determine the quality of the health education possessed by the eight grade students in Arkansas, in terms of teacher qualifications and number of hours heath education is taught per year, and compare it with students across the nation to build a suggested curriculum guide in health education. The following conclusions were reached: 1) Arkansas eight grade students are one school year behind national norms, relative through the AAHPER Cooperative Health Test results. 2) Female students scored higher than male students. 3) There is little variance between the different sizes of schools and the knowledge possessed by students in the several content areas on the AAHPER Cooperative Health Test. 5) The instruction of health education varied greatly in quality among Arkansas schools in the study. 6) Instructors teaching health education to eighth grade students in Arkansas were usually teachers not prepared to teach health education.The culminating activity of this investigation was the development of a curriculum guide from the data in the study of Arkansas students. The most widely accepted model in health education was chosen, the School Health Education Study Model. The nature of the model is such that new findings in health education do not invalidate the model.

The problem of this study was the status of classified staff decision making participation in policy determination, administrative practices, and working conditions in Texas public junior/community colleges as reported by their presidents and those persons, chief personnel officers, on each campus who have responsibility for classified staff employees. The conclusions to the study, with respect to Texas public junior/community colleges, were (1) the classified staff employees may not be aware of the total college goals, (2) classified staff employees may have little motivation to perform their jobs effectively, (3) future turnover rates among classified staff employees could increase, (4) the classified staff employees' input appears to have a low priority in the area of decision making, (5) classified staff employees may be seeking jobs with open participation in decision making, and (6) the exclusion of classified staff employees from participation in decisions could lead to formal bargaining in the future.

The American junior colleges of today are historical accidents, some having begun originally with elementary and secondary divisions or as adjuncts of local high schools. Wesley College in Greenville, Texas, began on a two acre campus as North Texas University Training School in Terrell, Texas, in 1905. Chartered by the North Texas Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, the school initially provided elementary and high school and two years of college. At this time the name was changed to Wesley College, but the school closed in the spring of 1911. It reopened on a twenty acre campus in the fall of 1912 in Greenville, Texas, and maintained a close relationship with that city until mounting financial problems forced closure in 1938. Many records of the school were transferred to Southern Methodist University at Dallas, and in 1939, Wesley College alumni were invited to become associate members of the S.M.U. Ex-Students Association. Many associated with Wesley College continue to meet annually in Greenville to keep alive their memories of the once prestigious college. This study employs primary and secondary documentary data, as well as interviews with fifty-six individuals, to provide a chronological descriptive history of the origin, growth, development, and demise of the school, together with its philosophical bases.

Karriärövergång är en process som kan innehålla ett antal krav och barriärer som en idrottare behöver hantera med för att framgångsrikt fortsätta med sin idrott. Syftet med studien var att; (a) undersöka vilka krav och barriärer som svenska golfare upplevde när de genomförde junior till seniorövergången samt, (b) undersöka vilka resurser och coping-strategier som idrottarna använde sig av för att hantera de upplevde kraven och barriärerna. I studien deltog det 12 intervjupersoner mellan åldrarna 22–42 (Medelvärde=32, Standardavvikelse=2.61). Alla deltagare har någon gång varit aktiva inom golfen samt varit med om övergången mellan junioridrottare och senioridrottare. En semistrukturerad intervjuguide bestämdes vid utförande av intervjuerna. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys antogs och författaren bestämde följande teman skulle ingå i resultatet: krav, barriärer, resurser samt coping-strategier. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att krav var vanligt förekommande under karriärövergången bland annat förekom det personliga faktorer och individuella krav samt konkurrens i samband med övergången. Barriärer som upptäcktes under studiens gång var bland annat ekonomi och tidsbrist vid karriärövergången. I resultatet syntes även resurser samt coping-strategier såsom socialt stöd och planering, som användes och underlättade övergången. Utifrån resultatet i föreliggande studie kan det rekommenderas att använda sig utav resurser och copingstrategier för att hantera de tuffa kraven samt barriärer för att kunna genomföra junior till senior övergången. För framtida undersökningar rekommenderas vidare forskning inom golf. Det är av intresse att forskningen utökas inom denna målgrupp samt ökar forskningen kring övergången i andra typer av individuella sporter. / Career transition is a process that can contain a number of requirements and barriers that an athlete needs to deal with in order to successfully continue his or her sport. The purpose of the study was to; (a) investigate the requirements and barriers experienced by Swedish golfers when completing junior to senior transition; The study included 12 interviewees between the ages of 22–42 (Mean = 32, Standarddeviation = 2.61). All participants have at some time been active in golf and have been involved in thetransition between junior and senior athletes. A semi-structured interview guide was determined when conducting the interviews. A qualitative content analysis was adopted and the authors decided the following themes would be included in the result: requirements, barriers, resources and coping-strategies. The interviews were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. The result showed that requirements were common during the career transition, including external and individual requirements as well as competition in connection with the transition. Barriers that were discovered during the course of the study were, among other things, finances and lack of time during the career transition. In the result, resources and coping-strategies such as social support and planning were also used, which were used and facilitated the transition. Based on the results of the present study, it is recommended to use resources and copingstrategies to deal with the tough demands as well as barriers to be able to implement junior to senior transition. For future investigations, further research in golf is recommended. It is of interest that the research is expanded within this target group and also increases the research on the transition in other types of individual sports.