Promotionsarbeit--Heidelberg. / Bibliography: p. [146]-153.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis explores how Justin Cartwright’s perspective on Englishness, as a South Africanborn writer living and writing in England, is played out in his novels. Four of Cartwright’s novels with English settings are analysed: In Every Face I Meet (1995), The Promise of Happiness (2004), To Heaven by Water (2009) and Other People’s Money (2011). Cartwright’s position as a self-conscious observer of English life is revealed as eliciting a nuanced critique of Englishness. It is argued that Cartwright adopts something of an anthropological approach towards his English subjects, and that this troubles the traditional gaze of the Western anthropologist upon the “other”. At the same time, his protagonists are represented with humane sympathy, though this is often tempered with irony. Drawing on Paul Gilroy’s ideas about race and multiculture in England and Robert J.C. Young’s The Idea of English Ethnicity, this thesis discusses Cartwright’s presentation of Englishness as both potentially inclusive and exclusive. Cartwright also sets England against America, and more significantly, against Africa. Cartwright’s portrayal of Africa is shown to reveal his somewhat ambivalent attitude towards his birthplace. Throughout the thesis, Cartwright’s novels are discussed with an awareness of the influence that the social philosopher Isaiah Berlin has had on the author, particularly with regard to his critique of idealism and his espousal of value pluralism and liberal humanism. Yet it is also suggested that Cartwright’s liberal humanism may be intertwined with his complex and ambivalent attitude towards Africa. Moreover, the ironic tone and postmodern, metafictional elements of these novels perform Cartwright’s belief in value pluralism in interesting ways. The relationship between literature, art and national fictions is furthermore discussed, in conversation with Benedict Anderson’s ideas about nationalism. This thesis provides a close-reading of the works of this under-researched author and examines the complexity of his “estranged” position towards Englishness. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis verken hoe Justin Cartwright, Suid-Afrikaans gebore skrywer woonagtig in Engeland, se die siening van Engelsheid (Englishness) in sy romans weerspieël word. Vier van Cartwright se romans met ‘n Engelse agtergrond word ontleed: In Every Face I Meet (1995), The Promise of Happiness (2004), To Heaven by Water (2009) en Other People’s Money (2011). Dit word onthul hoe Cartwright se posisie as self-bewuste waarnemer van Engelse lewe hom staat te stel om ‘n genuanseerde critique van Engelsheid te lewer. Daar word aangevoer dat Cartwright ‘n ietwat antropologiese benadering tot sy Engelse onderwerpe inneem en dat dit die tradisionele siening van die Westerse antropoloog van die “ander” ondergrawe. Terselfdertyd bied hy sy protagoniste met menslike erbarming aan, hoewel dit dikwels met ironie getemper word. Deur gebruik te maak van Paul Gilroy se opvattings oor ras en multikultuur in Engeland en Robert J.C. Young se The Idea of English Ethnicity, bespreek hierdie tesis hoe Cartwright Engelsheid voorstel as sowel potensieel inklusief as eksklusief. Cartwright stel ook Engeland teenoor Amerika, en meer belangwekkend, ook teenoor Afrika. Daar word aangetoon dat Cartwright se uitbeelding van Afrika sy nogal ambivalente houding teenoor sy geboorteplek verraai. Regdeur die tesis word Cartwright se romans bespreek met in agneming van die invloed van die sosiale filosoof Isaiah Berlin op die skrywer, veral ten op sigte van sy critique van idealisme en sy omhelsing van waardepluralisme en liberale humanisme. Tog word daar ook gesuggereer dat Cartwright se liberale humanisme verweef mag wees met sy verwikklede en ambivalente houding ten opsigte van Afrika. Daarbenewens is die ironiese toon en postmoderne, metafiktiewe element van hierdie romans op interessante maniere ‘n bevestiging van Cartwright se onderskrywing van waardepluralisme. Vervolgens word die verhouding tussen literatuur, kuns en nasionale fiksies bespreek in samehang met Benedict Anderson se idees oor nasionalisme. Hierde tesis bied ‘n noukeurige ondersoek van die werke van hierdie onderverkende skrywer en ondersoek die kompleksiteit van sy “vervreemde” houding teenoor Engelsheid.

Entre 2013 et 2017, le projet d’oléoduc Énergie Est a été l’un des plus importants enjeux économique, politique et environnemental des années 2010. Initié pendant le gouvernement conservateur de Stephen Harper et annulé sous le gouvernement libéral de Justin Trudeau, c’est le plus ambitieux projet d’oléoduc de l’histoire du Canada. S’il n’a jamais traversé les provinces d’ouest en est, il est passé au travers de deux gouvernements fédéraux différents ayant leur discours environnemental propre. Or, avec la croissance soutenue de l’exploitation des sables bitumineux et l’édification de nouveaux oléoducs au pays, c’est à se demander si leurs discours sont réellement distincts. Pour réaliser cette étude du discours environnemental fédéral, il a fallu combiner l’analyse du discours avec un cadre théorique permettant de rendre compte de l’impact de l’exploitation des sables bitumineux sur le gouvernement à Ottawa. C’est ainsi que nous en sommes venus à une élaboration conceptuelle combinant une analyse de l’espace, de l’État et de l’histoire canadienne jointes à l’approche de l’analyse du discours. Le résultat de cette thèse est qu’il existe à la fois des similitudes et des dissemblances entre les discours des deux gouvernements. Malgré qu’ils s’amenaient au Parlement en se présentant comme une alternative environnementale sérieuse, les libéraux ont été contraints par des facteurs économiques et politiques hérités du précédent gouvernement conservateur lui-même influencé par une histoire économique canadienne particulière. Énergie Est est un cas éclairant sur la problématique du développement économique au temps des changements climatiques.

Firstly, I will introduce the thought experiments known as the Frankfurt-style cases. Secondly,I will present the flicker of freedom defense. Thirdly, I will clarify why Stump rejects the flicker of freedom defense. Then I will present Capes’s response to Stump’s assessment of the 2flicker of freedom defense. Next, I will analyze Capes’s and Stump’s positions and argue that Capes successfully shows that Stump’s rejection fails. Lastly, I will discuss an implication the flicker of freedom defense has for the Frankfurt-style cases, which has not been addressed to my knowledge.

Natural fibers have received attention in recent years because of their minimal environmental impact, reasonably good properties, and low cost. There is a wide variety of natural fibers suitable for composite applications, the most common of which is flax. Flax has advantages in tensile strength, light weight, and low cost over other natural fibers. As with other natural and synthetic fibers, flax is used to reinforce both thermoset and thermoplastic matrices. When flax is used in thermoplastic matrices, polypropylene and polyethylene are the main resins used. Although at first glance flax may seem to be a cheaper alternative to fiberglass, this may not necessarily be as advantageous as one would hope. A full economic valuation should be based on raw material costs and full processing costs. Although flax fibers used in composites are generally a waste product from linen flax, they require additional processing which can significantly reduce flax's economic advantage over glass. This paper attempts to place some measure of economic comparison coupled with property comparisons between natural (mainly flax) fibers and glass fibers. Our tests compare tensile, flexural, and drop impact properties, as well as heat sensitivity, and colorant acceptance.

Lamina emergent mechanisms (LEMs) can provide a way to meet the demand for more compact and inexpensive mechanisms. Previous research has developed LEM designs and identified applications for them, but many applications would benefit from suitable actuation techniques. This thesis presents the design considerations and a variety of applicable methods for internal and external LEM actuation in the macro scale. Integrated LEM actuator possibilities have been identified, each with its advantages and disadvantages depending on the application. Shape memory alloys are especially compatible with LEMs. Traditional actuators have also been discussed as a way of actuating a LEM from the outside for cases in which space constraints allow it. The feasibility of new internal actuators using basic actuation principles, especially flat solenoids, has been explored. The magnetic field distribution along the axis of a high-aspect-ratio solenoid has been derived. Analytical and experimental results show that the output force of a high-aspect-ratio solenoid is suitable for LEMs. A pseudo-solenoid conceptual prototype was manufactured and evaluated, revealing challenges for which solutions have been recommended.

Throughout the Second Temple period (516 BCE-70 CE), the reading and interpretation of the Jewish scriptures shaped the national consciousness of the Jewish people. Within this setting, the Jesus movement emerged as a Jewish group which also laid claim to the Jewish scriptures as a means of articulating its identity even though, over time, the group came to be comprised primarily of non-Jews. How was it possible for a group of non-Jews to lay claim to the sacred texts of Jews and use these scriptures to define their own community? With the aim of exploring the answer to this question, my study compares and contrasts the way that the writings of the New Testament attributed to Luke, hereafter Luke-Acts, and the writings of the early Christian apologist Justin Martyr define the Christ-believing community by describing its privileged status in relation to the Jewish scriptures. This entails an examination of their respective representations of the Jewish scriptures and the exegesis of Christ-believers from two main vantage points: their portrayal of Christ-believers as authoritative interpreters of the Jewish scriptures (Part One) and their depiction of Christ-believers as heirs to the promises of scripture (Part Two). Although both authors similarly divide between insiders and outsiders to the Christ-believing community by arguing that Christ-believers alone possess an inspired capacity to interpret the Jewish scriptures, they do not describe insiders to their community in precisely the same way. Whereas Justin argues that Christ-believers have become the rightful recipients of the scriptural promises that God originally made to Jews, Luke envisages an ongoing role for the Jewish people as the recipients of the promises that God pledged to Israel. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No description available.

The primary problem of this study is to investigate statistically the degree of social integration in a newly-consolidated rural high school formed from four previously existing high schools. The sociometric technique is to be used to determine the peer acceptance for the component parts of the school population, to find out, if possible, if the process of combining the four schools has created an atmosphere which is contributing to the more effective social adjustment of all the students.

La découpe de viandes et le filetage de poisson, destinés aux rois et aux nobles dans les siècles passés et, plus récemment, aux clients de la restauration traditionnelle, font partie de l’histoire de la gastronomie, au même titre que l’histoire de la cuisine. Ces pratiques, considérées comme une technique ou une science, voire, par certains, comme un art, bien que déjà présentes sous une forme ritualisée dans bien des textes mythologiques et des légendes fondatrices, ont connu plusieurs évolutions historiques. Dès le Moyen Âge, la pratique de la découpe des viandes et poissons auprès des élites s’est éloignée des techniques de la boucherie pour revêtir une dimension artistique. À partir de la Renaissance et jusqu’au XVIIIème siècle, les volailles et autres viandes sont filetées par les écuyers tranchants, véritables spécialistes qui effectuent des gestes empreints d’élégance, tel celui qui consiste à découper les viandes à la volée, maintenues en l’air en haut d’une fourchette. À partir du XVIIIème siècle, la découpe doit s’adapter aux changements sociaux : à la fin de l’Ancien Régime, en France, elle connaît une première grande évolution à la suite de changements radicaux dans la manière de concevoir la cuisine, puis avec l’apparition du service à la russe et la mise en valeur des rôts (pièces rôties) au centre du repas, évolution bientôt suivie par d’autres, en grande partie influencées par Marie-Antoine Carême puis Urbain Dubois et Emile Bernard. Plusieurs transformations sociales, culturelles et professionnelles auront aussi leur importance : la popularisation des sports d’hiver va marquer le déclin du poste de maître d’hôtel ; la loi Godart (juillet 1933) relative au contrôle et à la répartition des pourboires, va cristalliser le fameux conflit cuisine-salle ; par ailleurs, les « commandements de la nouvelle cuisine » prônés par Christian Millau et Henri Gault (1973) imposent la généralisation du service à l’assiette et rendent l’ancienne science du maître d’hôtel obsolète. Mais les pratiques de la découpe sont également présentes dans le foyer familial. De nombreux écrits sur les usages domestiques décrivent la manière de fileter viandes et poissons. Les pères de famille, dits amphitryons, possèdent et transmettent ce savoir-faire à l’occasion des réunions familiales. Traditionnellement, si la mère de famille officie en cuisine, le père de famille gère, en plus des boissons, les découpes de volailles et gigots. Mais, depuis la moitié du XXème siècle, ces usages sont en déclin. Malgré tout, l’art de la découpe a survécu sous forme de technique, dans certains restaurants et dans les écoles hôtelières, où il fait l’objet de débats houleux entre enseignants et professionnels, qui rejouent, à leur manière, la querelle des Anciens et des Modernes. La restauration française, actuellement en difficulté et en recherche de repères, a sans doute beaucoup à gagner de ces travaux sur les découpes et filetages devant les clients. En ce début du XXIème siècle, elle peut y retrouver une authenticité ancrée sur des racines profondes. / The carving tableside of meats, fishes and fruits, dedicated to kings and nobility in past centuries and demonstrated today in some traditional restaurants, is part of the history of gastronomy, as well as food history. Regarded as a technic or a science, or even as an art, this practice already present in a ritualized form in many mythological texts and founding legends, has undergone major changes in history. From the Middle Ages, it has moved away from the butchery techniques to get an artistic dimension. Since the Renaissance era to the eighteenth century, poultry and other meats are carved by real specialists called carving horsemen, who perform gestures imbued with elegance, like the « flying cut » (cutting the meat held in the air on top of a fork). From the eighteenth century, the cut must adapt to social changes at the end of the Old Regime in France, the first major carving art revolution follows radical changes in the way of designing food platers by chefs, then with the appearance of the russian service largely influenced by Marie-Antoine Carême and Urbain Dubois. The roast becomes the center of the meal. Subsequently, several social, cultural and professional changes will take place in the carving history : the popularization of winter sports that will mark the decline of carving station, the Godart law (July 1933), that legislates control of the distribution of tips and will crystallize the famous kitchen/waiting struggle, and finally the « commandments of Nouvelle Cuisine » led by Christian Millau and Henri Gault (1973) which impose the generalization of the plated service and render obsolete the ancient science of the maitre d’. But cutting practices is also found in the family home. Extensive litterature demonstrate how to thread meat and fish for domestic use. Fathers, called amphitryons in France, possess and transmit this knowledge during family gatherings. Traditionally, if the housewife officiates in the kitchen, the father manages, in addition to drinks, the cuts of poultry and legs of lamb. But since the mid-twentieth century, we must recognize that these uses are declining. Still, the art of cutting survived in the technical way, in some restaurants and hospitality schools, where it is subject of heated debate between teachers and professionals, replaying in their own way the quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns. French restaurants, currently in great difficulty and in search of direction, have probably much to gain from a reflection on the return of threads and cut in front of customers. It would find, in our view, deep roots authenticity in this beginning of the 21st century.