Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edelson Geraldo Goncalves.pdf: 850235 bytes, checksum: 9983a5e657d2eeabd1f2e38c3b1b5a25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-25 / Esta dissertação aborda o esquadrão Kamikaze, os pilotos suicidas japoneses na Segunda Guerra Mundial. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a trajetória deste grupo dento do cenário político e cultural do Japão Imperial durante o período da Segunda Guerra, abordando a formação do modelo de governo que acabou se aliando a alemães e italianos durante o conflito mundial, e também a ideologia que guiou a população japonesa durante este período, ideologia esta sustentada principalmente pelo ethos que foi construído e desenvolvido durante a primeira metade do século XX: o Bushido. Os membros do esquadrão Kamikaze acabaram entrando para a História, sobretudo no ocidente, como exemplos de fanatismo por uma causa, mas através da observação de fontes que vão desde testemunhos de pessoas que tiveram que conviver e lidar com os Kamikaze (como aliados e inimigos), até as palavras dos próprios Kamikaze, deixadas por meios como cartas e diários, buscaremos entender qual era o posicionamento destes pilotos dentro desse cenário, afastando-nos do estereótipo vigente para buscar compreender as motivações políticas e culturais que levavam estes pilotos a aceitar este sacrifício, nominalmente feito pela honra do Imperador e pela grandeza do Império

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the writings of Hayashi Ichizō, a Christian from southern Japan who on the 30th of May 1945 died while carrying out a kamikaze attack against Allied ships outside Okinawa. Hayashi’s writings, most notably his diary and some of the letters he sent to his mother, have been published posthumously by his sister in a volume called Hi nari tate nari. In this thesis, I conduct an in-depth analysis of these writings in an attempt to understand for what Hayashi died. In the two parts of the thesis, divided by two major themes in Hayashi’s writings – faith/family and nation/emperor, I discuss his thoughts around these issues. Using the idea of intertextuality as presented by Norman Fairclough, I have tried to see what lies behind Hayashi’s own words. Hayashi’s bounds to his mother were particularly strong, and through his Christian faith he found solace in the thought that he would one day reunite with her in Heaven.  At the same time, he was worried about whether dying in action in the name of the emperor would prevent this from happening, yet in the end he seems to have put his faith in providence. While Hayashi’s thoughts about the imperial system are ambivalent, a thorough reading of the material suggests that he remained critical of the cult surrounding the divine emperor. Though he does refer to himself as “the emperor’s ugly shield”, there seems to be more to his use of this term than state-promoted nationalism. Though it is difficult to say for what Hayashi died, we can reach a few conclusions about his fate. After he was conscripted in 1943, he chose to enter the Navy and he volunteered to be a pilot, yet it was never his choice to become a kamikaze pilot – death was given to him. While Hayashi never considered his death to be a suicide, contradicting his Christian belief, he was clearly worried about the prospect of his soul being enshrined in Yasukuni Shrine. To his death, his thoughts remained with his mother and with God, never with the emperor.

Die Bedingungen für den Vollzug der tödlichen Mission könnten nicht besser sein. Bereits im Morgengrauen sieht der 19-jährige Kamikaze-Flieger Tadamasa Itazu, wie sich die Silhouette des Mondes scharf im Baumgeäst abzeichnet und ahnt, dass ein strahlend sonniger Tag bevorsteht, also ideale Wetterbedingungen für seinen ersten und letzten Einsatz als Pilot der japanischen Luftwaffe. In Meiro Koizumis Videoarbeit „Where the Silence Fails (Double Projection #1)“, die im Jahr 2013 entstand, wird der Betrachter zunächst mit einem Zeugenbericht aus der letzten Phase des Pazifischen Kriegs konfrontiert, der provozierend affirmativ daherkommt.

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