This research investigates the theory of organisational knowledge creation as a viable model in the management of multi-practitioner arts-related practice-led research projects conducted at the North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus. In this regard Transgressions and Boundaries of the Page (2009-2012) (an interdisciplinary exploration of a practice-led research project by means of the artist’s book) is analysed according to the said theory in order to ascertain the compatibility of this theory and the projects outlined. It should be noted that the particular project is not discussed as an example of the application of the theory of organisational knowledge creation. Rather, the purpose of this research is to identify the appearance of salient aspects of the given theory in order to ascertain whether this could be an appropriate management model for future projects of this nature. Accordingly, the goal is to identify such a model that will facilitate and promote creative practice and accredited research within the History of Art, Graphic Design, and Creative Writing disciplines at the North-West Universities Potchefstroom campus. The proposed coupling of the theory of organisational knowledge creation and multi-practitioner arts-related projects by way of practice-led research is underpinned by the fact that both can be situated within the participatory paradigm due to a common conceptualisation of knowledge. This paradigm offers an extended epistemology consisting of practical, experiential, presentational, and propositional knowledge. This paradigm effectively integrates both the tacit and explicit knowledge modalities, which are fundamental to practice-led research and the theory of organisational knowledge creation. A further commonality is the fact that knowledge is considered as an interdisciplinary, subjective and socially constructed phenomenon. In the context of this research, practice-led research involves the self-reflective process, which involves the making, reading and interpretation of creative outputs in the academic milieu. This requires the utilisation of reflective practice to communicate both the tacit and explicit knowledge dimensions. Additionally the participatory paradigm, practice-led research and the theory of organisational knowledge creation advocate a knowledge process that moves through a tacit–explicit knowledge cycle. This knowledge creation cycle in the participatory paradigm and the theory of organisational knowledge creation occur in four levels. In consequence, the Transgressions and Boundaries of the Page project has been managed in four phases. It is against this background that the four knowledge conversion levels of this theory are linked with the extended epistemology of the participatory paradigm to analyse the four phases of the Transgressions and Boundaries of the Page project. The first phase of the Transgressions and Boundaries of the Page project entailed the conceptualisation, planning, and preparation during August 2008 to March 2009. This phase is analysed by means of level one of the theory of organisational knowledge creation (explicit to tacit knowledge conversion) and practical knowledge of the participatory paradigm. The second phase of the project, namely knowledge creation, took place from March 2009 to January 2010. The analysis of this phase is accomplished by means of level two of the theory of organisational knowledge creation (tacit to tacit knowledge conversion) and experiential knowledge of the participatory paradigm. The third phase of the project, namely knowledge presentation and communication, from February 2010 to July 2010 corresponds with, and is analysed by, level three of the theory of organisational knowledge creation (tacit to explicit knowledge conversion) and presentational knowledge of the participatory paradigm. The fourth knowledge formalisation and dissemination phase of the project occurred during July 2010 to December 2011. This phase is analysed by means of level four of the theory of organisational knowledge creation (explicit to explicit knowledge conversion) and propositional knowledge of the participatory paradigm. Consequently, I argued that each phase of the project correlates with the corresponding levels of the theory of organisational knowledge creation, knowledge conversion mechanisms and the knowledge modalities of the participatory paradigms. The four phases of the project and the four levels share common knowledge conversion and creation processes and goals that are attributed to the common conceptualisation of knowledge. Distinct correlations between the knowledge creation goals of the knowledge conversion levels and phases were identified. Therefore, the mechanisms used to achieve knowledge conversion and creation were applicable to the assigned management phases of the project. It was further argued that it is possible to adapt the current management approach to the more structured theory of organisational knowledge creation without negating either the tacit or explicit knowledge modalities. Consequently it is concluded that the theory of organisational knowledge creation, which is a management model normally used in the commercial business context, could be utilised to manage multi-practitioner arts related practice-led research projects more effectively in the academic context. / PhD (History of Art), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The number of project-based organizations is increasing every year; this increase indicates the need to understand the complexities and ascertain the best ways of managing them. In these organizations, where the multi-project complex environment is dominant, one of the main challenges is dealing with project interdependencies. Interdependency relationships among the projects can be better understood and managed if appropriate tools and techniques are used efficiently. Thus, the ultimate goal of this study is to investigate and evaluate the best methods practiced by project-based organizations to effectively manage the interdependencies among the projects and suggest a new approach to view and understand those relationships better. A number of past researches have emphasized that effective project interdependency management results in an increase of the project and portfolio success. This research examines and explainsthe impacts of knowledge creation and knowledge transfer on interdependency management and vice-versa, by reviewing the existing literature and collecting data through multi-method qualitative study. In addition, the role of visual interdependency management and visual knowledge management tools are analyzed and compared, with the purpose of filling the gaps in the currently available literature, and investigating their moderating effects on interdependency management. Previous studies have found supporting evidence for the impacts of project interdependency management, knowledge creation and knowledge transfer on project success and organizational performance. However, there is no research targeted on how project interdependencies interact with knowledge creation and knowledge transfer. In order to investigate these interactions four project-based organizations from IT, multinational event management and consulting areas are involved in the semi-structured interviews. Additionally, as a part of qualitative study, questionnaires were undertaken to get access to valuable insights into the project and portfolio managers’ experience in dealing with interdependencies among the projects in the selected cases. The study is explanatory, cross- sectional in nature and takes a mixed approach to theory. The findings showed the presence of mutual impacts between knowledge creation, knowledge transfer processes and project interdependencies. The results revealed that the visual knowledge management tools, which are employed for the knowledge management, are beneficial in terms of project interdependency management as well. The visual interdependency management tools that are separately discussed in the existing literature, were found to be suitable for the knowledge management practices. Thus, it was found reasonable to integrate the visual interdependency management tools into the knowledge management area. As a result, these tools altogether serve to the efficient project interdependency management and lead to more successful project outcomes, which affect the organization’s performance as well.

This doctoral dissertation is concerned with the complex dynamics of knowledge in the South Korean film and TV industry and Swedish filmmaking from a spatiotemporal perspective. The film and TV industries are highly dependent on knowledge and innovation. Production in the film and TV industries usually takes place in the form of projects in which creative professionals form teams for a limited time period to complete creative tasks. Moreover, the film and TV industries are facing rapid and constant changes to work practices, technology, markets and demand. Therefore, the dynamics of knowledge and interactive learning can be an important source of competitive advantages and project success in the film and TV industries.  The aim of this thesis is to enhance understanding of knowledge creation and diffusion processes, relationships with institutional settings and the systematic character of business in the film and TV industries. The focus of this thesis is on the production value chain in which many independent production firms are active. It is argued that 1) the film and TV industries and their institutional environments co-evolve; and 2) project-specific knowledge sourcing takes places through local-extra local linkages. The case of the Korean film and TV industry indicates that its evolution strongly depends on the setting of the respective institutions and regulations, and on the institutional environments. In addition, it is argued that diverse actors, factors and sectors are involved in the emergence and development of the Korean film and TV industry. The Swedish filmmaking case study examines production processes and ecologies and argues that production managers are the key players in them, and their roles – investigator, bridge builder and gatekeeper – in knowledge creation and diffusion processes are central to this part of the production of film and TV. Exploring two case studies with a focus on the key (f)actors of knowledge creation and diffusion processes has resulted in the view that knowledge-based competencies can be an important source of competitive advantage and project success in high-velocity environments.

Abstract The aim of this thesis is to present a theoretically consistent conceptualization of knowledge creation as an interactive event and to test this in a working community in a methodologically coherent manner. This thesis examines the key problems in the body of research of knowledge creation in the field of Knowledge Management, which is attached to the idea of knowledge as an asset inside a human mind, but simultaneously promotes a view of interaction, based on hermeneutic understanding. The study proposes an alternative way to conceptualize and examine knowledge creation, based on hermeneutic phenomenology of Hans-Georg Gadamer and Martin Heidegger. The foci are on the conceptions of a human being and interaction as play. On the basis of the research literature, a framework for examining knowledge creation was developed. The framework was empirically tested in a multi-organizational and multi-professional working community of librarians and teachers, participating in The Joy of Reading Program in Finland. Along with the research literature, the triangulated data consist of ethnographic observations and video recordings of the community’s gatherings, its members’ interviews and produced documents. The data were analyzed through a qualitative approach. The results show that the phenomenological conceptions of temporality of a human being and play are suitable for understanding being in the knowledge-creating interaction, as they give means to understand the meaningfulness of past experiences, but promote an open attitude towards future possibilities in a way which promotes knowledge creation. Studying interactive events allows for an understanding of how the phenomenon of knowledge creation can be examined as a collective accomplishment. The importance of flexible circumstances is emphasized to promote interaction. The playful mode of being in the event, meaning seriousness and the tendency to be present in the event, was seen as a way to use the time available effectively. The results may be utilized to develop organizational circumstances, which promote knowledge creation by acknowledging the meaningfulness of interaction. In the future, theoretical sampling will be used for testing and developing the framework further in a Finnish Academy’s Strategic Research Council’s consortium BCDC Energy aiming at developing a cloud computing based market place on renewable energy markets. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimus esittää teoreettisesti yhtenäisen käsitteellistyksen tiedon luomisesta vuorovaikutteisena tapahtumana. Tätä käsitteellistykseen perustuvaa viitekehystä testataan empiirisesti tarkastelemalla tiedon luomisen edellytyksiä ja uuden tiedon luomisen mahdollistavaa vuorovaikutusta moniammatillisessa työyhteisössä. Tiedon luomisen tutkimus on perinteisesti kiinnittynyt ajatukseen tiedosta mielen sisäisenä varantona. Samanaikaisesti tiedon luomisen tutkimuksessa korostetaan vuorovaikutusta, joka on usein käsitetty varsin hermeneuttisena tapahtumana. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan näiden kahden lähtökohdan yhdistämisestä muodostuneita ongelmia tietojohtamisen alalla. Tutkimus esittää vaihtoehtoisen, Martin Heideggerin ja Hans-Georg Gadamerin hermeneuttiseen fenomenologiaan perustuvan tavan käsittää ja tutkia tiedon luomista siten, että hermeneuttinen käsitys vuorovaikutuksesta ei ole ristiriidassa tiedon käsitteen kanssa. Tutkimuksen keskeisinä tarkastelun kohteina ovat fenomenologinen ihmiskäsitys ja ajatus vuorovaikutuksesta leikkinä. Tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin hermeneuttisen fenomenologian suhdetta tiedon luomisen nykytutkimukseen ja kehitettiin hermeneuttiseen fenomenologiaan perustuen viitekehys tiedon luomisen empiiristä tutkimusta varten. Viitekehystä testattiin empiirisesti valtakunnalliseen Lukuinto-ohjelmaan osallistuneessa, kirjaston työntekijöiden ja opettajien muodostamassa, moni-ammatillisessa työyhteisössä. Tutkimuskirjallisuuden lisäksi tutkimuksen aineisto koostui etnografisesta havainnointiaineistosta, työyhteisön kokousten videoinneista, yhteisön jäsenten haastatteluista ja heidän tuottamistaan dokumenteista. Aineisto analysoitiin laadullisella otteella tarkastelemalla sekä työyhteisössä käytyjä keskusteluja että työyhteisön jäsenten kokemuksia tiedon luomisesta Lukuinto-ohjelmassa. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että fenomenologinen käsitteellistys olemisen ajallisesta luonteesta ja leikistä avoimena yhdessä olemisen tilana soveltuvat hyvin tietoa luovan vuorovaikutuksen ymmärtämiseen, sillä käsitteellistys huomioi menneiden kokemusten merkityksen uuden tiedon luomisessa, mutta painottaa myös avoimen tulevan ja sen mahdollisuuksien ymmärtämisen merkitystä tavalla, joka edistää uuden luomista. Vuorovaikutustapahtumien tutkiminen mahdollistaa tiedon luomisen ymmärtämisen jaettuna, yhteisenä tapahtumana ja kokemuksena. Joustavien olosuhteiden merkitys tiedon luomisessa korostuu. Leikinomainen vuorovaikutuksessa oleminen, kuten tilanteen vakavasti ottaminen ja läsnäolo, nähtiin tutkimuksessa tapana käyttää aika tehokkaasti. Tutkimuksen tuloksia voidaan käyttää organisaatioissa sellaisten olosuhteiden kehittämiseen, jotka huomioivat vuorovaikutuksen merkityksellisyyden tiedon luomisessa. Jatkossa tässä väitöskirjassa esiteltyä lähestymistapaa ja viitekehystä tullaan edelleen kehittämään ja testaamaan teoreettisen otannan avulla Suomen Akatemian Strategisen Tutkimuksen Neuvoston rahoittamassa BCDC Energia -konsortiossa.

Informação e conhecimento têm sido citados por duas décadas como ferramentas de vantagem competitiva. Recentemente, discute-se a utilização destas na promoção da inovação. A premissa indica que a interação de indivíduos, o compartilhamento de informação e a criação do conhecimento são vitais para o sucesso das organizações que precisam aprender e inovar a todo o momento. O estudo tem como propósito apontar contribuições de um ambiente de aquisição, disseminação e utilização da informação para a subseqüente criação do conhecimento, verificando como esses dois processos ocorrem em empresas de base tecnológica. Optou-se pelo emprego do método comparativo de casos e pela pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em nove empresas de base tecnológica, as quais se encontravam incubadas ou que passaram recentemente pela fase de incubação no Parque Tecnológico da cidade de São Carlos. Entre os principais resultados, constatou-se que nas empresas graduadas a gestão da informação e seus procedimentos foi identificada como mais consciente e estruturada. Em contrapartida, percebeu-se que as empresas incubadas possuíam um ambiente com maiores condições de criação de conhecimento. / Information and knowledge have been cited for two decades as competitive advantage tools. Recently, the use of them is discussed in promotion of the innovation. The premise indicates that human interaction, information sharing and knowledge creation are vital for the success of organizations that need to learn and innovate all the time. This study has the intention to point contributions from an environment of acquisition, dissemination and the use of information to the subsequent knowledge creation, verifying how these two processes happen in technology-based companies. The comparative method of cases and qualitative research was used, conducted in nine technology-based companies, which were incubated or which passed recently by the incubating process in Technologic Park of São Carlos. Among the main results, it was found that in graduated companies the information management and its procedures was identified as more conscious and structured. However, it was also noticed that the incubated companies had an environment with better conditions for knowledge creation.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo principal caracterizar o processo de criação de conhecimentos no desenvolvimento de produtos de alto conteúdo tecnológico em projetos de diferentes graus de inovação. A despeito da ascensão de abordagens organizacionais baseadas no conhecimento e do reconhecimento da crescente importância da inovação, a literatura carece de trabalhos empíricos que investiguem o processo de criação de novos conhecimentos nas empresas. Como contribuição teórica, o presente trabalho reúne algumas das principais abordagens ligadas a este processo num modelo que organiza os conceitos estudados em quatro dimensões fundamentais. Para a parte prática da pesquisa, apresenta-se um estudo de casos efetuado em empresa que desenvolve sistemas de alta tecnologia para o setor de automação industrial. Nesta investigação, são analisados três projetos desenvolvidos pela divisão de P&D da empresa, dotados de diferentes graus de inovação (incremental, plataforma e radical). Uma análise comparativa dos processos de criação de conhecimentos observados em cada um destes projetos é efetuada. O resultado principal reside na identificação de características do processo criativo influenciadas pelo grau de inovação. / The main objective of this research is to provide a characterization of the knowledge creation process involved in high-tech product development projects with different innovations degrees. Despite of the ascension of knowledge-based organizational approaches and the recognition of the increasing importance of innovation, there is lack of empirical researches which investigate the knowledge creation process in the literature. As theoretical contribution, this work joins some of the most important approaches of this process in a framework that organizes concepts in four main dimensions. In the empirical section, a study of cases done in a company that develops high-tech systems for the industrial automation market is presented. In this investigation, three projects occurred in the R&D division of the company are analyzed, each one with a different innovation degree (incremental, platform and radical). A comparative analysis of the knowledge creation processes observed in each of these projects is made. The main result is the identification of creative process characteristics that are influenced by the innovation degree.

O conhecimento é um dos aspectos relevantes da gestão das organizações de diferentes setores, com impacto na maximização dos recursos organizacionais. Apesar do tema Criação do Conhecimento obter o reconhecimento no mercado organizacional como fonte valiosa de vantagem competitiva, ele ainda é incipiente e pouco explorado na gestão das entidades esportivas. Em termos de produção científica, a partir de 2016 há um crescente interesse de estudiosos de outros países sobre criação e a gestão do conhecimento no segmento das organizações e em eventos esportivos, entretanto no Brasil o tema é pouco explorado. Tendo em vista este cenário, a questão norteadora da pesquisa foi: como é realizado o processo de Criação do Conhecimento e como esse conhecimento é compartilhado nas organizações esportivas? O estudo se caracteriza como pesquisa descritiva e predominantemente como de abordagem quantitativa. Foram estudadas 27 federações paulistas olímpicas, através da aplicação de questionário composto, além do Perfil do ambiente de estudo; por blocos que correspondem as categorias do processo de criação do conhecimento analisadas: Processo de Criação do Conhecimento; Fluxos de informação e conhecimento; Condições e fatores que atuam na Criação do Conhecimento; Ferramentas no apoio à Criação do Conhecimento, e Conhecimento, aprendizagem e comunicação. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram gestores e funcionários administrativos das entidades de diferentes níveis hierárquicos. Os resultados obtidos de 48% das federações respondentes revelaram que a criação de conceitos é realizada com maior frequência em reuniões formais e informais, seguido das experiências adquiridas na realização e organização dos eventos, também, ouvindo os filiados e demais agentes entre eles os técnicos, atletas, confederação brasileira da modalidade, árbitros, entre outros. Entretanto, o mesmo não se aplica no relacionamento com os órgãos governamentais, visando importar conhecimento. Com relação as decisões a serem tomadas, são realizadas por meio de dados anteriores que permitem prever tendências e planejar cenários futuros, o que pode ser identificado no investimento em melhoria de sistemas de TI. Os treinamentos são oferecidos em sua grande maioria para seu público externo, e os relativos aos recursos humanos do ambiente interno são realizados por iniciativa própria. Menos da metade dos respondentes afirmaram que os colaboradores possuem autonomia com liberdade de ações para decisões, assim como são estimulados a desafios, a serem proativos e ambiciosos. As equipes internas de trabalho contendo colaboradores de outras áreas foi confirmada por metade dos respondentes e praticamente não existe o rodízios de funções. Os resultados permitem supor que não existem ações ou programas voltados à Criação e ao Compartilhamento do Conhecimento. A análise dos resultados sugerem a necessidade de \"mudança\" na cultura organizacional, nas rotinas estabelecidas, que demonstram estar estandardizadas nas organizações estudadas. São apontadas as limitações e sugestões para analisar aspectos não contemplados nesta pesquisa / Knowledge is one of the relevant aspects of the management of organizations from different sectors, with an impact on the maximization of organizational resources. Although the topic Knowledge Creation obtains recognition in the organizational market as a valuable source of competitive advantage, it is still incipient and little explored in management of sports organizations. In terms of scientific production, since 2016 there is a growing interest of scholars from other countries on the creation and management of knowledge in the segment of organizations and sports events, in Brazil, however, the theme is little explored. Given this scenario, the guiding question of the research was: How is the Knowledge Creation process carried out and how is this knowledge shared in sports organizations? The study is characterized as descriptive research and predominantly as a quantitative approach. A total of 27 olympic federations of São Paulo were studied through the application of a composite questionnaire, in addition to the Profile of study environment; by blocks that correspond to the knowledge creation process cathegories analyzed: Process of Creation of Knowledge; Information and knowledge flows; Conditions and factors that act in the Creation of Knowledge; Tools in support of the Creation of Knowledge, and Knowledge, learning and communication. The subjects of the research were managers and administrative employees of entities of different hierarchical levels. The results obtained from 48% of respondent federations revealed that the creation of concepts is carried out more frequently in formal and informal meetings, followed by the experiences acquired in the conduction and organization of the events, also listening to the members and other agents among them the coaches, athletes, Brazilian confederation of the sport, referees, among others. However, the same does not apply in the relationship with government agencies, seeking to import knowledge. With regard to the decisions to be made, they are carried out using previous data that allows forecasting trends and planning future scenarios, which can be identified in the investment in improvement of IT systems. The trainings are mostly offered to its external audience, and those related to the human resources of the internal environment are carried out on their own initiative. Less than half of the respondents stated that employees have autonomy with freedom of action for decisions, as well as being encourged in challenges and to be proactive and ambitious. The internal work teams containing collaborators from other areas were confirmed by half the respondents and there is practically no rotation of functions. The results allow us to assume that there are no actions or programs aimed at Knowledge Creation and Sharing. The analysis of the results suggest the need for \"change\" in the organizational culture, in the established routines, which prove to be standardized in the organizations studied. Limitations and suggestions to analyze aspects not contemplated in this research are pointed out

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-05-15T12:59:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NayaMenezesAdm.pdf: 620899 bytes, checksum: e0a8b381383b5379d63b628f7aec0bda (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T12:59:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NayaMenezesAdm.pdf: 620899 bytes, checksum: e0a8b381383b5379d63b628f7aec0bda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Nenhuma / Este estudo objetiva em analisar: Como Adquirir e Criar o Conhecimento para o Processo de Produção de Fármacos Similares que perderam patente. Tem como intuito, de contribuir sobre a discussão da relação entre imitação e inovação no processo de produção. Medicamentos sem patente têm competido com base em preços, ao invés de inovação. Considerando que a competição não é baseada em inovações, recursos e conhecimento são necessários para melhorar o processo de produção destes medicamentos, como um caminho para obter um equilíbrio entre preço e qualidade. Este estudo investiga habilidades estratégicas específicas e diferentes conhecimentos que tem sido usado em casos particulares. Informações empíricas foram levantadas em laboratórios situados no Distrito Agroindustrial de Anápolis (DAIA, Brasil), que é o grupo principal de indústrias dedicadas à produção de medicamentos que estão fora da lei de patentes da América Latina. Os dados foram coletados após várias entrevistas, análises de documentos e observação direta. As evidências mostram que os conhecimentos científicos e tecnológicos têm melhorado a produção de tais medicamentos. Esse melhoramento depende de recursos internos dos laboratórios, assim como, fontes externas de Institutos de Pesquisas e Universidades. Finalmente, o estudo sugere que todo o processo necessário para imitar as fórmulas de medicamentos que ganharam domínio público, contribui para construir capabilities relacionadas à inovação. / This study intends to analyse how to acquire and create knowledge to improve the production process of medicines which are out of patent protection rules. It intends to contribute to the discussion about relations between imitation and innovation in industrial production. Medicines which are out of patent rules have been competing on a basis of price rather than on innovation. However, considering that even if competition is not based on innovation, knowledge resources are needed to improve the production processes of these medicines as a way to achieve an optimal balance between price and quality. This study investigates the specific strategic skills and kinds of knowledge that have been used in this particular case. Empirical data was obtained from labs situated at Anapolis District (DAIA, Brasil), which is the main cluster of industries dedicated to the production of medicines that are out of patent rules in Latin America. Data was collected through interviews, documents analysis and direct observation. The evidences show that scientific and technological knowledge have been improved on the production of these medicines. This improvement depends on internal resources of the lab as well on the interaction with external sources as research institutes and Universities. Finally, the study suggests that all the processes required to imitate dominated formulas of medicines which are out of patent rules contribute to build capabilities related to innovation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Victor Alexandre Bacchi.pdf: 658325 bytes, checksum: 9b9d5fd31e6384d1c4ebe67a04e66561 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-24 / This research was developed with the aim of contributing to studies that identify the strategies used by individuals in the creation and sharing of knowledge within organizations process. Using the vision of employees from middle management and external consultants, we intend to identify what are the practices most used by this audience, when inserted in situations conducive to the generation of new knowledge. Moreover, the objective is to identify the forms of personal interaction that these professionals utilize more in the same context. The intention is that this study is not only a tool for reflection, but also a useful tool for organizations to improve their processes and delimit related to the creation and management of knowledge contribution / Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de contribuir com os estudos que identificam as estratégias utilizadas pelos indivíduos no processo de criação e compartilhamento de conhecimento dentro das organizações. Utilizando-se a visão de colaboradores de média gestão e consultores externos, pretende-se identificar quais são as práticas mais utilizadas por este público, quando inseridos em situações propícias à geração de novos conhecimentos. Além disso, objetiva-se identificar as formas de interação pessoal que esses profissionais mais utilizam neste mesmo contexto. Pretende-se assim, que este estudo seja não apenas um instrumento de reflexão, mas também um contributo útil para que as organizações possam balizar e melhorar seus processos relacionados à criação e gestão do conhecimento

Abstract The aim of this thesis is to present a theoretically consistent conceptualization of knowledge creation as an interactive event and to test this in a working community in a methodologically coherent manner. This thesis examines the key problems in the body of research of knowledge creation in the field of Knowledge Management, which is attached to the idea of knowledge as an asset inside a human mind, but simultaneously promotes a view of interaction, based on hermeneutic understanding. The study proposes an alternative way to conceptualize and examine knowledge creation, based on hermeneutic phenomenology of Hans-Georg Gadamer and Martin Heidegger. The foci are on the conceptions of a human being and interaction as play. On the basis of the research literature, a framework for examining knowledge creation was developed. The framework was empirically tested in a multi-organizational and multi-professional working community of librarians and teachers, participating in The Joy of Reading Program in Finland. Along with the research literature, the triangulated data consist of ethnographic observations and video recordings of the community’s gatherings, its members’ interviews and produced documents. The data were analyzed through a qualitative approach. The results show that the phenomenological conceptions of temporality of a human being and play are suitable for understanding being in the knowledge-creating interaction, as they give means to understand the meaningfulness of past experiences, but promote an open attitude towards future possibilities in a way which promotes knowledge creation. Studying interactive events allows for an understanding of how the phenomenon of knowledge creation can be examined as a collective accomplishment. The importance of flexible circumstances is emphasized to promote interaction. The playful mode of being in the event, meaning seriousness and the tendency to be present in the event, was seen as a way to use the time available effectively. The results may be utilized to develop organizational circumstances, which promote knowledge creation by acknowledging the meaningfulness of interaction. In the future, theoretical sampling will be used for testing and developing the framework further in a Finnish Academy’s Strategic Research Council’s consortium BCDC Energy aiming at developing a cloud computing based market place on renewable energy markets. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimus esittää teoreettisesti yhtenäisen käsitteellistyksen tiedon luomisesta vuorovaikutteisena tapahtumana. Tätä käsitteellistykseen perustuvaa viitekehystä testataan empiirisesti tarkastelemalla tiedon luomisen edellytyksiä ja uuden tiedon luomisen mahdollistavaa vuorovaikutusta moniammatillisessa työyhteisössä. Tiedon luomisen tutkimus on perinteisesti kiinnittynyt ajatukseen tiedosta mielen sisäisenä varantona. Samanaikaisesti tiedon luomisen tutkimuksessa korostetaan vuorovaikutusta, joka on usein käsitetty varsin hermeneuttisena tapahtumana. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan näiden kahden lähtökohdan yhdistämisestä muodostuneita ongelmia tietojohtamisen alalla. Tutkimus esittää vaihtoehtoisen, Martin Heideggerin ja Hans-Georg Gadamerin hermeneuttiseen fenomenologiaan perustuvan tavan käsittää ja tutkia tiedon luomista siten, että hermeneuttinen käsitys vuorovaikutuksesta ei ole ristiriidassa tiedon käsitteen kanssa. Tutkimuksen keskeisinä tarkastelun kohteina ovat fenomenologinen ihmiskäsitys ja ajatus vuorovaikutuksesta leikkinä. Tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin hermeneuttisen fenomenologian suhdetta tiedon luomisen nykytutkimukseen ja kehitettiin hermeneuttiseen fenomenologiaan perustuen viitekehys tiedon luomisen empiiristä tutkimusta varten. Viitekehystä testattiin empiirisesti valtakunnalliseen Lukuinto-ohjelmaan osallistuneessa, kirjaston työntekijöiden ja opettajien muodostamassa, moni-ammatillisessa työyhteisössä. Tutkimuskirjallisuuden lisäksi tutkimuksen aineisto koostui etnografisesta havainnointiaineistosta, työyhteisön kokousten videoinneista, yhteisön jäsenten haastatteluista ja heidän tuottamistaan dokumenteista. Aineisto analysoitiin laadullisella otteella tarkastelemalla sekä työyhteisössä käytyjä keskusteluja että työyhteisön jäsenten kokemuksia tiedon luomisesta Lukuinto-ohjelmassa. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että fenomenologinen käsitteellistys olemisen ajallisesta luonteesta ja leikistä avoimena yhdessä olemisen tilana soveltuvat hyvin tietoa luovan vuorovaikutuksen ymmärtämiseen, sillä käsitteellistys huomioi menneiden kokemusten merkityksen uuden tiedon luomisessa, mutta painottaa myös avoimen tulevan ja sen mahdollisuuksien ymmärtämisen merkitystä tavalla, joka edistää uuden luomista. Vuorovaikutustapahtumien tutkiminen mahdollistaa tiedon luomisen ymmärtämisen jaettuna, yhteisenä tapahtumana ja kokemuksena. Joustavien olosuhteiden merkitys tiedon luomisessa korostuu. Leikinomainen vuorovaikutuksessa oleminen, kuten tilanteen vakavasti ottaminen ja läsnäolo, nähtiin tutkimuksessa tapana käyttää aika tehokkaasti. Tutkimuksen tuloksia voidaan käyttää organisaatioissa sellaisten olosuhteiden kehittämiseen, jotka huomioivat vuorovaikutuksen merkityksellisyyden tiedon luomisessa. Jatkossa tässä väitöskirjassa esiteltyä lähestymistapaa ja viitekehystä tullaan edelleen kehittämään ja testaamaan teoreettisen otannan avulla Suomen Akatemian Strategisen Tutkimuksen Neuvoston rahoittamassa BCDC Energia -konsortiossa.