La littérature des Coréens du Japon ou la littérature des Coréens zainichi (zainichi signifie littéralement « étant au Japon ») obtient une large reconnaissance sur la scène littéraire japonaise à partir de la fin des années 1960, mais l’apparition des premiers écrivains zainichi remonte au lendemain de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, dans une période marquée par la décolonisation de la Corée et plus tard par la guerre de Corée. Le présent travail consiste à mettre en perspective le processus de construction d’un discours littéraire à caractère identitaire et ce jusqu’à sa mise en question, ainsi qu’à examiner les stratégies esthétiques que mettent en œuvre les écrivains afin de se démarquer de la littérature japonaise. Cette recherche porte principalement sur le travail de trois écrivains majeurs de cette littérature : Kim Tal-su 金達寿(1919-1997), Kim Sŏk-pŏm 金石範(1925-) et Yi Yang-ji李良枝(1955-1992) qui représentent respectivement la période de l’émergence de l’écriture zainichi de 1946 jusqu’au début des années 1950, celle de la reconnaissance d’un statut littéraire spécifique au début des années 1970 et celle du renouvellement tant thématique que narratif des années 1980. Si ces auteurs se distinguent dans leur thématique et dans leur style, ils ont en commun d’inventer une nouvelle écriture dans une situation d’exigence – autrement dit diasporique – où représenter chaque vie et chaque voix singulière peut aussitôt prendre une dimension mémorielle aussi bien que politique. Ainsi, l’évolution de la littérature zainichi est-elle aussi celle de la voix narrative qui se forme et se renouvelle dans cette tension permanente entre le subjectif et le collectif. / Zainichi Korean literature (zainichi literally meaning “to be in Japan”) has met widespread recognition on the Japanese literary scene since the late 1960s. But in fact Korean zainichi writers emerged earlier: in the aftermath of WW2, during the decolonization of Korea and the subsequent Korean War. This dissertation focuses on the construction process of a new literary discourse, intricately linked to the question of identity, but also on the criticism it underwent. Furthermore, this work analyzes the aesthetic strategies used by each author to distance theirs works from Japanese literature. This dissertation focuses on the following three authors: Kim Tal-su (1919-1997), Kim Sŏk-pŏm (1925-) and Yi Yang-ji (1955-1992), who respectively represent a period of development of zainichi literature: the emergence of zainichi writers between 1946 to early 1950, the establishment of a new literary category in the early 1970s, and the thematical and narrative renewal in the 1980s.These authors worked on different themes and wrote in distinct styles, and yet their writings were all born within a complex relationship to their community, as a minority and diaspora. As such, they narrate individual histories, which also carry a memorial and political dimension. Thus, the history of zainichi literature is also a history of individual voices, which emerge from and permanently renew the tension between the subjective and the collective.

The purpose of this study was to obtain cross-cultural insights into the family dynamics of Korean-Canadians during their transitions as immigrants, by asking six Korean-Canadian mothers about the family conflicts they had with their children, that were of an intercultural nature. The methodology consisted of a qualitative research design, informed by a post-positivist epistemological viewpoint. In semi-structured interviews, six Korean-Canadian mothers spoke at length about what triggered their Intercultural-Intergenerational conflict with their adolescent children, about how they responded to such conflicts, and about how they saw these conflicts in terms of their children’s cultural adaptation/identity. Audiotapes of the interviews were transcribed, then coded and categorized according to principles of thematic analysis and grounded theory. To ensure authenticity, reflexivity was built into all stages of the research. From the categories analyzed, there emerged six general triggers of conflict, (such as the adolescents’ style of communicating with their mothers, or the mothers’ attitudes to their children’s “culture shedding”); five general ways in which the mothers tended to respond to conflict (from emotional outbursts to attempts at adjusting); and three measures of what, for the mothers, constituted satisfactory adaptation, by the children, to the host culture (success in school, retention of Korean identity, and the ability to cope with any racism that they might encounter). The study concludes with some suggestions for a more sophisticated social work praxis, and for service provision that reaches beyond a purely economic understanding of immigrants’ problems, as the findings speak to a high degree of complexity in a shifting immigrant demographic.

Ce mémoire de maîtrise vise à comprendre la problématique de l’intégration des migrants Nord-Coréens en Corée du Sud à travers l’analyse de la dynamique des relations entre Nord et Sud-Coréens. Les objectifs particuliers sont d’identifier un processus d’ethnicisation dans la nation coréenne, de déterminer la place des cultures nord et sud-coréennes dans l’identité coréenne et de définir la reconfiguration identitaire nécessaire afin d’accéder à la reconnaissance du groupe majoritaire. Un séjour en Corée du Sud a été effectué en septembre 2010 afin de réaliser quatre entrevues avec des Nord-Coréens, en plus de rencontrer les gens travaillant dans des organismes promouvant l’intégration des Nord-Coréens en Corée du Sud. L’analyse des données a permis de comprendre de quelle manière la division de la nation coréenne persiste et comment elle influence le processus d’intégration des Nord-Coréens. En premier lieu, l’appartenance au groupe Hanminjok (nation coréenne) est conférée, mais la mise en relief de « marqueurs culturels » contraint l’accessibilité au groupe majoritaire. Deuxièmement, la présence de discours essentialistes exacerbent des représentations sociales négatives qui entravent l’intégration sociale et symbolique à la société sud-coréenne. Finalement, les résultats démontrent que le manque de liens sociaux entre Nord et Sud-Coréens tient une part importante dans la problématique de l’intégration, en plus de nuire à l’accessibilité au marché du travail ce qui compromet l’intégration économique. / This Master’s thesis aims at furthering the understanding of the integration process of North Korean migrants into South Korean society, through the analysis of the relationships between North and South Koreans. The specific objectives hereof are to identify an ethnicisation process, to define the place of North and South Korean culture in the Korean identity and to identify the identity reconfiguration necessary in order to access the recognition of the majority group. Fieldwork was completed in South Korea in September 2010, allowing for the interview of four North Koreans and the meeting of people working in organisations promoting North Korean integration into South Korea. The data analysis led us to a better understanding of how the division of the Korean nation is persisting and how it is influencing the integration process of North Koreans in South Korea. In the first place, belonging to the group Hanminjok (Korean nation) is granted, but the prominence of “ethnic markers” is restraining accessibility of North Koreans to the majority group. Secondly, the presence of essentialist discourses is deepening negative social representations which are deleterious to the social and symbolic integration of North Koreans into South Korean society. Finally, the results show that the lack of social relations between North and South Koreans plays a major role in the problematics of integration and is compromising accessibility to employment and therefore to economic integration.

The purpose of this study was to obtain cross-cultural insights into the family dynamics of Korean-Canadians during their transitions as immigrants, by asking six Korean-Canadian mothers about the family conflicts they had with their children, that were of an intercultural nature. The methodology consisted of a qualitative research design, informed by a post-positivist epistemological viewpoint. In semi-structured interviews, six Korean-Canadian mothers spoke at length about what triggered their Intercultural-Intergenerational conflict with their adolescent children, about how they responded to such conflicts, and about how they saw these conflicts in terms of their children’s cultural adaptation/identity. Audiotapes of the interviews were transcribed, then coded and categorized according to principles of thematic analysis and grounded theory. To ensure authenticity, reflexivity was built into all stages of the research. From the categories analyzed, there emerged six general triggers of conflict, (such as the adolescents’ style of communicating with their mothers, or the mothers’ attitudes to their children’s “culture shedding”); five general ways in which the mothers tended to respond to conflict (from emotional outbursts to attempts at adjusting); and three measures of what, for the mothers, constituted satisfactory adaptation, by the children, to the host culture (success in school, retention of Korean identity, and the ability to cope with any racism that they might encounter). The study concludes with some suggestions for a more sophisticated social work praxis, and for service provision that reaches beyond a purely economic understanding of immigrants’ problems, as the findings speak to a high degree of complexity in a shifting immigrant demographic.

The purpose of this study was to obtain cross-cultural insights into the family dynamics of Korean-Canadians during their transitions as immigrants, by asking six Korean-Canadian mothers about the family conflicts they had with their children, that were of an intercultural nature. The methodology consisted of a qualitative research design, informed by a post-positivist epistemological viewpoint. In semi-structured interviews, six Korean-Canadian mothers spoke at length about what triggered their Intercultural-Intergenerational conflict with their adolescent children, about how they responded to such conflicts, and about how they saw these conflicts in terms of their children’s cultural adaptation/identity. Audiotapes of the interviews were transcribed, then coded and categorized according to principles of thematic analysis and grounded theory. To ensure authenticity, reflexivity was built into all stages of the research. From the categories analyzed, there emerged six general triggers of conflict, (such as the adolescents’ style of communicating with their mothers, or the mothers’ attitudes to their children’s “culture shedding”); five general ways in which the mothers tended to respond to conflict (from emotional outbursts to attempts at adjusting); and three measures of what, for the mothers, constituted satisfactory adaptation, by the children, to the host culture (success in school, retention of Korean identity, and the ability to cope with any racism that they might encounter). The study concludes with some suggestions for a more sophisticated social work praxis, and for service provision that reaches beyond a purely economic understanding of immigrants’ problems, as the findings speak to a high degree of complexity in a shifting immigrant demographic. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

(in English): This master's thesis focus on the repatriation of Koreans from Japan after World War II. The repatriation process was in many aspects more complicated than it could seem to be at the first sight. A hindrance to the repatriation of more than 2 million Koreans, who were left behind in Japan after the end of war, was vague politics of Supreme Command for Allied Powers (SCAP). SCAP did not possess any specific plan considering Koreans and other foreigners in Japan after its arrival to the Japanese archipelago. Therefore, the government of Japan was the one who seized upon the Korean repatriation and began sending ships from Japan's islands loaded with Korean laborers and soldiers, who were living testimony of its war crimes and a thread for Japanese public order. The government of Japan, however, was limited by number of ships, which it could provide for transportation of Koreans, and by number of available ports. As the waiting time for boarding on a repatriation ship was getting longer and longer, majority of Koreans could not wait anymore. In those cases, they usually decided to rent a small vessel, by which they got transported to the Korean peninsula. Those vessels, however, were making their voyages without a permission and were easy target for pirates or typhoons, which were...

The purposes of this study were to compare the childrearing attitudes of church-related Korean American immigrant parents and Korean parents as measured by the Parent As A Teacher Inventory (PAAT), and to identify relationships between the PAAT childrearing subsets and demographic variables including sex of child, sex of parent, education of parent, family income level, maternal employment, accessibility to the child, language of parent, and length of residence in America.

This thesis considers the ways in which Australia has been publicly represented in ten Asian societies in the twentieth century. It shows how these representations are at odds with Australian opinion leaders’ assertions about being a multicultural society, with their claims about engagement with Asia, and with their understanding of what is ‘typically’ Australian. It reviews the emergence and development of Asian regionalism in the twentieth century, and considers how Occidentalist strategies have come to be used to exclude and marginalise Australia. A historical survey outlines the origins of representations of Australia in each of the ten Asian countries, detecting the enduring influence both of past perceptions and of the interests of each country’s opinion leaders. Three test cases evaluate these findings in the light of events in the late twentieth century: the first considers the response in the region to the One Nation party, the second compares that with opinion leaders’ reaction to the crisis in East Timor; and the third presents a synthesis of recent Asian Australian fiction and what it reveals about Asian representations of Australia from inside Australian society. The thesis concludes that Australian policies and practices enable opinion leaders in the ten countries to construct representations of Australia in accordance with their own priorities and concerns, and in response to their agendas of Occidentalism, racism, and regionalism.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of English

in English The dissertation thesis deals with foreign students in the Czech republic, specifically immigrant students coming from all over the world - from Belarus, Russia and Ukraine and then from China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam. The basic objective of this work is not a real attempt to display the everyday reality of certain groups of migrant-students of Czech language in the Czech Republic in such a way that it only focuses on the problems and barriers they encounter in their studies in the Czech language. It also deals with their adaptation and integration into mainstream Czech society. At the same time, however, we realize that this work is only a partial contribution to the knowledge of migrant-students' life in the Czech environment between 1998 and 2011. This work is based on relevant literature and the research is based on interviews with students and teaching observations. The choice of qualitative methods was intentional to serve our matter the best, since there has been a lack of research in this particular area in recent times. This focus on qualitative techniques is also dependent on the characteristics of the sample group, especially in the linguistic and sociocultural realm. The research was carried out at the Institute of Language and Training of the Charles University in Prague...