Now and then other people’s comments and/or behaviour reminds me that I look different and that my external features are connected to something beyond my Swedish identity. My black hair, dark brown eyes and my brownish skin color talk about something else. My appearance is connected to an identity, cultural identity and a country I have little knowledge of and a language I do not master. But still the way I look is a part of my heritage, a part of who I am and a part of me which I am proud of. It makes me wonder what actually makes up an identity and the power we all possess in deciding what or who another person is based on appearance. What do we become in the eyes of the beholder? Personal experiences from being Swedish, and adopted from another country, becomes the starting point for my investigation where the color of the skin leads to questions about norms, categorisations and the power of labelling another person. Living in the western world, my skin color automatically place me outside the norm. In a way that amazes me, that a single color can determine so much. As a jeweller maker in this degree project I make brooches. I use them as a method and as tools to both investigate the relationship between personal and social identity and to shed light on how structures in society and other peoples gazes push us into categories consciously and unconsciously. I use my objects as conversations pieces to reflect on history, present and future, from my perspective. There is always a beginning, but it is  in the middle of the process it all comes alive. This is where I explore material, techniques and methods and where the brooches are born. They all have a history and part of it is public. At first sight you see the surface. But the brooches are like our bodies, they also have an inside/backside which creates an intimate relationship with the wearer. The brooches are more than ornamented pins, I want them to raise awareness of diversity, different perspectives, care and their ability to communicate as they move through various places attached in different ways to the body. My degree project, Who I am and who you see, touches upon questions and emotions about belonging, inclusion and exclusion and the state of being in-between. What makes up an identity? What different parts make up a whole? Which layers are added and which are peeled off? All these questions triggers my curiosity and search for more knowledge about the human being and being human.

The following project explores how colored light can be used as a variable to manipulate the perception of a surface pattern. Placing the work within the textile design field, colors are a main factor for the development, it shows that colors’ visual state changes when colored light is inflicted. Taking advantage of the effect, an aim was set to explore the relationship between colored light and colored surface to expand methods of designing dynamic and storytelling surface patterns. This to add a different approach of how patterns can be created with a motion ability. The method used was through experimenting with different color combinations under colored light, observing movement of different color placements combined with motif arrangements and patterns, in order to find a working effect. The outcome are three different surface patterns with a dynamic property, each with its own storytelling aspect narrated by the colored light changing. This contributes to a playful way of creating depth to surface patterns, which can be developed further to different textile areas.

Görtler vortices evolve in boundary layers over concave surfaces as a result of the imbalance between centrifugal forces and radial pressure gradients. Depending on various geometrical and free-stream flow conditions, these instabilities may lead to secondary instabilities and early transition to turbulence. In this thesis, a control algorithm based on the boundary region equations is applied to reduce the strength of the Görtler instabilities by controlling the energy of the fully developed vortices, using either local wall deformations or blowing/suction at the wall. A proportional-integral control scheme is utilized to deform the wall or to provide transpiration velocity, where the inputs are either the wall-normal or streamwise velocity components in a plane that is parallel to the wall. The results show that the control based on wall deformation using wall-normal velocity components is more effective in tempering the vortex during its streamwise growth by almost one or two orders of magnitude.

Avian Pathogenic E. coli can lead to infections in laying hens and wide-spread economic problems in the table egg industry. A vaccine widely used to combat APEC is the Poulvac E. coli vaccine, which is normally applied via spray vaccination. Application of this vaccine via in ovo injection has not been examined. The purpose of this series of studies was to determine the effects of injecting 50 μL of different dosages of the PECV into Hy-Line W-36 layer hatching eggs on the hatchability and characteristics of the hatchlings, and on the livability and characteristics of the chicks through 21 d growout. Administration of the PECV at 18 d of incubation yielded unsatisfactory results in terms of hatchability and the characteristics of the chicks at hatch and through 21 d of age. Commercial use of the PECV via in ovo injection in Hy-Line W-36 layer hatching eggs is not recommended.

Woven Light Interference looks into the light and colour phenomenon interference in a textile design context. This is done by introducing dichroic filters to design structures and patterns when weaving. The experimental design research methodology was used to explore dichroic filters’ design possibility and potential, using a textile weaving technique for a spatial context. The final result is visually presented in a collection consisting of six woven textiles that have multiple expressions with internal and external effects. Together, they propose new methods of working with light and colour in the textile design, without incorporating electronics or being connected to wires, but rather change depending on the existing ambient light of a space.

The overall purpose of this thesis is to understand the impact of management on commercial egg layers, whether that be environmental-related, health-related, or other possible stressors within the pullet and post-peak phases. Furthermore, the study seeks to examine what effects to performance and production these impacts may induce within a commercial layer in differing phases, specifically the pullet and post-peak phases. Chapter two explores into coccidiosis within the pullet phase, which induced by a commercial vaccine, can provide stress to a pullet, lowering protection against infection, and seriously compromising its growth and development into peak lay. Chapter three explores into the post-peak phase, a transition from a caged system of production to cage-free system of production was selected. incorporating multiple differing environmental stimuli that can induce stress. If commercial layers prove to possess the capabilities to adapt to these impacts in multiple phases, the possibility of extended production is possible.

This thesis presents a modern approach to two Integral Boundary Layer methods implemented in the Python programming language. This work is based on two 2D boundary layer methods: Thwaites' method for laminar boundary layer flows and Head's method for turbulent boundary layer flows. Several novel enhancements improve the quality and usability of the results. These improvements include: a common ordinary differential equation (ODE) integration framework that generalizes computational implementations of Integral Boundary Layer methods; the use of a dense output Runge-Kutta ODE solver that allows for querying of simulation results at any point with accuracy to the same order as that of the solver; and an edge velocity treatment method using cubic spline interpolation that improves the simulation performance using only points from an inviscid edge velocity distribution. Both the laminar and turbulent methods are shown to benefit from smoothing of the edge velocity distribution. The choice of ODE solver alleviates the need to artificially limit step sizes. Comparisons against analytic solutions, experimental data and XFOIL results provide a wide varity of verification and validation cases with which to compare. The implementation of Thwaites' method in this thesis avoids simplifications made in other implementations of this method, which results in more robust results. The implementation of Head's method produces high-quality results typically found in other implementations while utilizing the common ODE integration framework. Utilizing the common ODE framework results in significantly less code needed to implement Thwaites' and Head's methods. In addition, the boundary layer solvers produce results in seconds for all results presented here. Boundary layer transition and separation criteria are implemented as a proof of concept, but require future work.

This thesis examines the modeling of the shock-layer radiative heating associated with hypersonic vehicles entering the atmospheres of Earth and Titan. For Earth entry, flight conditions characteristic of lunar-return are considered, while for Titan entry, the Huygens probe trajectory is considered. For both cases, the stagnation region flowfield is modeled using a two-temperature chemical nonequilibrium viscous shock layer (VSL) approach. This model is shown to provide results that are in agreement with the more computationally expensive Navier-Stokes solutions. A new radiation model is developed that applies the most up-to-date atomic and molecular data for both the spectrum and non-Boltzmann modeling. This model includes a new set of atomic-lines, which are shown to provide a significant increase in the radiation (relative to previous models) resulting from the 1 - 2 eV spectral range. A new set of electronic-impact excitation rates was compiled for the non-Boltzmann modeling of the atomic and molecular electronic states. Based on these new rates, a novel approach of curve-fitting the non-Boltzmann population of the radiating atomic and molecular states was developed. This new approach provides a simple and accurate method for calculating the atomic and molecular non-Boltzmann populations. The newly-developed nonequilibrium VSL flowfield and nonequilibrium radiation models were applied to the Fire II and Apollo 4 cases, and the resulting radiation predictions were compared with the flight data. For the Fire II case, the present radiation-coupled flowfield model provides intensity values at the wall that predicted the flight data better than any other previous study, on average, throughout the trajectory for the both the 0.2 - 6.0 eV and 2.2 - 4.1 eV spectral ranges. The present results over-predicted the calorimeter measurements of total heat flux over most of the trajectory. This was shown to possibly be a result of the super-catalytic assumption for the wall boundary condition, which caused the predicted convective heating to be too high. For the Apollo 4 case, over most of the trajectory the present model over-predicted the flight data for the wall radiative intensity values between 0.2 - 6.2 eV. For the analysis of Huygens entry into Titan, the focus of the radiation model was the CN violet band. An efficient and accurate method of modeling the radiation from this band system was developed based on a simple modification to the smeared rotational band (SRB) model. This modified approach, labeled herein as SRBC, was compared with a detailed line-by-line (LBL) calculation and shown to compare within 5% in all cases. The SRBC method requires many orders-of-magnitude less computational time than the LBL method, which makes it ideal for coupling to the flowfield. The non-Boltzmann modeling of the CN electronic states, which govern the radiation for Huygens entry, is discussed and applied. The radiation prediction resulting from the non-Boltzmann model is up to 70% lower than the Boltzmann result. A new method for treating the escape factor in detail, rather than assuming a value equal to one, was developed. This treatment is shown to increase the radiation from the non-Boltzmann model by about 10%. / Ph. D.

The extension of the theory for two dimensional turbulent boundary layers into three dimensional flows has met with limited success. The failure of the extended models is attributed to the anisotropy of the turbulence. This is seen by the turbulent shear stress angle lagging the flow gradient angle and by the behavior of the Reynolds shear stresses lagging that of the mean flow. Transport equations for the turbulent shear stresses were proposed to be included in a modeling effort capable of accounting for the lags seen in the flow. This study is aimed at developing algebraic relationships between the various Reynolds-averaged terms in these modeling equations. Particular emphasis was placed on the triple products that appear in the transport equations. Eleven existing experimental data sets were acquired from the original authors and re-examined with respect to developed and existing parameters. A variety of flow geometries were collected for comparison. Emphasis was placed on experiments that included all six components of the Reynolds stress tensor and triple products. Parameters involving the triple products are presented that appear to maintain a relatively constant value across regions of the boundary layer. The variation of these parameters from station to station and from flow to flow is discussed. Part of this study was dedicated to parameters that were previously introduced, but never examined with respect to the data that was collected. Results of these parameters are presented and discussed with respect to agreement or disagreement with the previous results. The parameters presented will aid in the modeling of three dimensional turbulent boundary layers especially with models that employ the transport equations for the Reynolds stresses. / Master of Science

This report documents the measurements of turbulence quantities resulting from vortices embedded in a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer. Turbulent boundary layers are found in most flow regimes over large scale vehicles and have been studied for many years. Various systems to control separation of boundary layers have been proposed, but vortex generators have proven to be an economical choice as they are often used to fix deficiencies in a flow field after large scale production of a vehicle has commenced. In order to better understand the interaction between vortex generators and the boundary layer in which they are embedded, an experiment has been performed using through non-invasive Comprehensive Laser Doppler Velocimeter. The results show that normalization on edge velocity is appropriate for comparison with previous work. The 1/S parameter and vq^2 parameter were found to be most appropriate to correlate the Reynolds stresses and triple products, respectively. The higher inflow edge velocity and greater momentum thickness, creating a lower vortex generator to boundary layer height ratio, result in a more diffuse vortex as compared to previous work conducted in the same wind tunnel, with the same geometry, but with different inflow conditions. / Master of Science