GPS technologijai tapus prieinama ne tik karinei pramonei buvo pradėtos kurti įvairios paskirties pozicionavimo sistemos, skirtos eiliniams IT vartotojams. To pasėkoje atsirado naujo pobūdžio paslaugų rūšis – paslaugos pagrįstos vartotojo pozicijos nustatymu. Darbe išanalizuotos plačiai taikomos pozicionavimo sistemos ir išskirtas pagrindinis tokių sistemų funkcionalumas, palygintos pozicionavimo technologijos, jų privalumai ir trūkumai viena kitos atžvilgiu. Darbe aprašomas projektinis sprendimas, panaudotas kuriant daugiavartotojišką pozicionavimo sistemą, kurios architektūra ir svarbiausi realizacijos aspektai pateikiami šiame darbe. Išskirtos dažnai praktikoje pasitaikančios paskirstytų sistemų projektavimo, realizavimo ir testavimo klaidos, dėl kurių gali nepavykti sėkmingai ir laiku įgyvendinti projektą arba kritinės sistemos dalys gali būti netinkamos naudoti realiuose įrenginiuose. Pasiūlytas būdas, kaip išvengti tokių klaidų ir sumažinti riziką, kad projektas gali nepavykti. Eksperimento metu įrodyta, jog paskirstytų sistemų klientų, skirtų mobiliems įrenginiams (mobiliems telefonams ir PDA), kūrimo ir testavimo procesas neturi apsiriboti vien tik emuliatoriais, kuriuose vykdomos programos elgesys ir charakteristikos gali labai skirtis nuo realiame įrenginyje vykdomos programos. / Many different positioning systems for ordinary IT users were developed since GPS technology became available not only to US military. Those systems led to new kind of services – location-based services. Some of the widely used positioning systems are analyzed in this work and their main functionality is marked out, positioning technologies compared. Architecture of multi-user positioning system and its main implementations aspects are given. Also there is an analysis of distributed system development and testing issues that may lead to project failure or its cost rising and a software development and testing model suggested. This is a practical model which lets reduce the risk of failure.

Aufbau einer LBS Infrastruktur im WLAN

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:39:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo6950_1.pdf: 2903411 bytes, checksum: 9ee987b0d8ab354e278b26df353e4fa3 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Desde seu surgimento, a telefonia sofreu constante evolução tecnológica. Na década de 70, surgiu uma nova necessidade: a mobilidade. Iniciou-se a era das comunicações móveis. A crescente integração dos sistemas celulares com a informática possibilitou o aparecimento de novas tecnologias e serviços às redes móveis. Atualmente, a telefonia celular digital tem como um dos principais representantes o GSM. Esse sistema especifica áreas de serviços bem definidas. Dentre essas áreas, uma que vem atraindo a atenção dos pesquisadores refere-se aos serviços de localização. Tais serviços utilizam o dispositivo móvel como ferramenta para a localização de seu portador. Para empregá-los nas redes móveis, é necessário o desenvolvimento de aplicações externas. A simulação surge como uma alternativa de apoio ao desenvolvimento dos aplicativos para os chamados serviços baseados em localização (LBS). Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um simulador para um dos componentes de um LBS. Trata-se de uma ferramenta que simula o serviço básico da plataforma de LBS da Siemens, informando a localização de dispositivos simulados. Essa ferramenta tem o objetivo de validar aplicações para LBS. O processo de desenvolvimento percorreu etapas bem definidas: especificação de funcionalidade; estudos de tecnologias e modelos que atendiam às necessidades; codificação em Java; documentação; e testes de validação. Atualmente, esse simulador encontra-se em uso por desenvolvedores

La Lipoproteïna (a) és una classe de lipoproteïna semblant a les lipoproteïnes de baixa densitat (LDL), en la que l'apo B100 està unida de forma covalent a una glicoproteïna molt polimòrfica de mida, anomenada apo(a).Si bé la seva funció fisiològica és desconeguda, nombrosos estudis epidemiològics han demostrat que la concentració plasmàtica elevada de Lp(a) representa un factor de risc independent de desenvolupar una malaltia cardiovascular. Alguns d'aquests estudis però han donat lloc a resultants contradictoris. L'apo(a) comparteix amb el plasminogen una forta homologia estructural. Com el plasminogen, s'estructura en dominis proteics o Kringles que contenen regions anomenades LBS (Lysine Binding Site)capaces d'interaccionar amb els residus de lisina de les proteïnes. En l'apo(a) el Kringle IV10 confereix la funció LBS a la Lp(a). El propòsit d'aquest estudi ha estat el de: · Examinar l'associació entre la concentració de Lp(a), la mida de l'apo(a) i la funció LBS en pacients amb infart agut de miocardi prematur i els seus respectius controls. · Cercar mutacions en kringle IV10 de l'apo(a) que puguin alterar l'activitat LBS de la Lp(a).· Investigar l'efecte que l'emmagatzematge de les mostres congelades durant 5 anys té en la concentració de Lp(a) i analitzar la relació d'aquest efecte amb el número de repeticions del kringle IV dels seus al·lels.MètodesLa concentració plasmàtica de Lp(a) va ser mesurada per un mètode immunoturbidimètric, el genotip d'apo(a) es va determinar amb una modificació de la tècnica de pulsed-field gel electrophoresis descrita per Lackner i col., el fenotip d'apo(a) amb una electroforesi en gel d'agarosa i immunoblotting, l'activitat LBS es va quantificar amb un immunoassaig descrit per Hoover-Plow i col. i la detecció de mutacions amplificant la regió del kringle IV10 i aplicant al producte de PCR la tècnica de SSCP .Resultats Vegeu : Simo JM, Camps J, Vilella E, Gomez F, Paul A, Joven J. Instability of lipoprotein(a) in plasma stored at -70 degrees C: effects of concentration, apolipoprotein(a) genotype, and donor cardiovascular disease. Clin Chem. 2001 Sep;47(9):1673-8.Simo JM, Joven J, Vilella E, Ribas M, Figuera L, Virgos C, Sundaram IM, Hoover-Plow J. Polymorphisms in human apolipoprotein(a) kringle IV-10 and coronary artery disease: relationship to allele size, plasma lipoprotein(a) concentration, and lysine binding site activity. J Mol Med. 2001 Jun;79(5-6):294-9.Simo JM, Joven J, Vilella E, Ribas M, Pujana MA, Sundaram IM, Hammel JP, Hoover-Plow JL. Impact of apolipoprotein(a) isoform size heterogeneity on the lysine binding function of lipoprotein(a) in early onset coronary artery disease. Thromb Haemost. 2001 Mar;85(3):412-7.· En els pacients la concentració de Lp(a) es més elevada, la mida de l'apo(a) més petita i l'activitat LBS més alta en les isoformes més petites comparat amb els controls.· Hem identificat una nova mutació en heterozigosi en un pacient. La mutació W81R identificada prèviament en humans no ha estat trobada en la nostra mostra en canvi la mutació M75T és freqüent. Aquesta mutació no modifica la funció LBS però el genotip TT s'associa amb risc de patir una malaltia cardiovascular. · Durant l'emmagatzematge de les mostres la Lp(a) perd immunoreactivitat de forma significativa en pacients però no en controls. Aquesta pèrdua no es relaciona amb el número de kringle i es limita a mostres amb concentracions inicials entre 41 i 345 mg/L.Conclusions · Aquest estudi suggereix una associació entre malaltia cardiovascular, activitat LBS elevada i isoformes petites.· La mutació W81R, si està present, és molt poc freqüent en la població espanyola. · La concentració plasmàtica de Lp(a) dels pacients és menys estable que la dels controls, les diferències no es relacionen amb la distribució dels genotips però poden ser dependents de la concentració Aquestes diferències poden complicar la interpretació d'algun estudis. / Lipoprotein (a) is a class of lipoprotein particles resembling low density lipoprotein (LDL) in which apo B100 is covalently linked to a high polymorphic glycoprotein apolipoprotein termed apo(a). Although the physiological function of Lp(a) is unknown, numerous epidemiological studies have shown that a high plasma concentration of Lp(a) represent an independent risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease, however some confusing results in some of this studies has been reported. Apo(a) shares a high structural homology with plasminogen As plasminogen, apo(a) kringle domains contain Lysine Binding Site(s) (LBS) that interact with residues of lysine. Kringle IV10 of apo(a) is the primary LBS of Lp(a) and is associated with lesion formation on transgenic mice .The purpose of this study was · To examine de association of Lp(a) concentration, apo(a) size and Lp(a) lysine-binding site in patients with early onset heart diseases and age matched controls. · Search for mutations in the apo(a) kringle IV10 which could alter the LBS activity of Lp(a)· to investigate the decrease in Lp(a) values in samples from controls and patients with established cardiovascular disease that had been frozen for 5 years and to analyze the relationship between such decrease and the number of kringle IV repeats in the smallest and largest isoforms.Methods Blood was obtained from survivors of premature myocardial infarction and age matched controls, plasma was measured by immunoturbidimetry , apo(a) genotype was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, apo(a) phenotype by gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting, LBS activity was measured by a quantitative LBS-Lp(a) immunoassay as previously described. Detection of mutations and polymorphisms in kringle IV10 was revealed by PCR amplification and applying SSCP analysis to the product Results See also: Simo JM, Camps J, Vilella E, Gomez F, Paul A, Joven J. Instability of lipoprotein(a) in plasma stored at -70 degrees C: effects of concentration, apolipoprotein(a) genotype, and donor cardiovascular disease. Clin Chem. 2001 Sep;47(9):1673-8.Simo JM, Joven J, Vilella E, Ribas M, Figuera L, Virgos C, Sundaram IM, Hoover-Plow J. Polymorphisms in human apolipoprotein(a) kringle IV-10 and coronary artery disease: relationship to allele size, plasma lipoprotein(a) concentration, and lysine binding site activity. J Mol Med. 2001 Jun;79(5-6):294-9.Simo JM, Joven J, Vilella E, Ribas M, Pujana MA, Sundaram IM, Hammel JP, Hoover-Plow JL. Impact of apolipoprotein(a) isoform size heterogeneity on the lysine binding function of lipoprotein(a) in early onset coronary artery disease. Thromb Haemost. 2001 Mar;85(3):412-7.· In the patients, Lp(a) concentration was higher, apo(a) size was smaller, and LBS activity higher in the small isoforms compared to the controls.· We identified a novel mutation in a patient heterozygous for the mutation The mutation W81R previously identified in humans was not found in our sample, but the M75T mutation was frequent.. The genotype TT conferred a significant risk for myocardial infarction but was not associated with the LBS function of apo(a). · During storage, mean Lp(a) decreased significantly in samples from patients but not in samples from controls This was not related to the kringle number and was limited to samples with initial plasma Lp(a) concentrations between 41 and 345 mg/L.Conclusions· This study suggests an association of high LBS activity in small isoforms of Lp(a) with disease in humans.· W81R mutation if present is infrequent in Spanish population · Plasma Lp(a) from patients is less stable than Lp(a) from controls, and the difference is not related to distribution of apo(a) genotypes but may be concentration-dependent. Differential sample stability may complicate the interpretation of several studies.

In the context of location, large amounts of information are available on the Internet to be accessed by people via different devices. However, at times people have to manually search and access it. If the space where location-based services are available can be identified by hand-held devices, people can be prompted with services available around them. This thesis explores the use of ultrasound as a communication medium to tag such spaces and access location-based services with the related information; and demonstrates the indoor implementation of the prototype of a location-based services enabling system for hand-held devices. This system allows users to search and access the available services in their surroundings through their hand-held devices. A beacon generator placed in the service location broadcasts a service code mappable to the services particular to that location encoded in an ultrasound signal. The hand-held device can identify this signal and prompt the user with available services. System design and architecture is demonstrated and the viability of the system is tested through a variety of environments and scenarios showing that potentially this has both a wide range of applications and can enhance the way people access location-based services. / Thesis (Master, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2013-01-30 17:50:20.285

Aufbau einer LBS Infrastruktur im WLAN

Ingeniero Civil Electricista / La aparición de una serie de servicios basados en localización (LBS) ha hecho necesaria la creación de técnicas de geo-localización más precisas que los métodos basados en parámetros de red que se utilizan habitualmente. Así, se hace necesario contar con metodologías y parámetros que permitan evaluar y posteriormente escoger aquél que resulte más apropiado para la aplicación LBS que se desea implementar. En la actualidad existe una serie de métodos de localización basados en parámetros de la señal como: Radio Signal Strength (RSS), Time of Arrival o Angle of Arrival, por nombrar algunos, que se utilizan por ejemplo en aplicaciones de asignación de recursos de red, control de ota o determinación del origen de una llamada de emergencia. En general, se conoce el desempeño de cada método para las distintas tecnologías de transmisión, pero no existe un a priori dos modelos de características similares, usando los conceptos de precision & accuracy como estimadores del desempeño de criterio uni cado que permita evaluar y comparar un modelo de geo-localización. En el desarrollo de este trabajo se simularon una serie de métodos de geo-localización, aplicados a un mismo modelo que incluye un terminal móvil. La simulación se realizó mediante el software MiXiM, construido sobre el framework de código abierto Omnet++. El tratamiento posterior de los datos obtenidos de la simulación se realizó mediante funciones programadas en el software de cálculo cientí co Matlab. Los resultados del experimento se centran en comparar distintos modelos de localización, mostrando ser superiores aquellos basados en intensidad de señal. También se comparan técnicas de resolución de la localización: aquí el método de mínimos cuadrados no-lineales se alza como el mejor a la hora de minimizar el error de localización. Por otra parte, el uso del algoritmo de Levenberg-Marquardt permite aumentar el número de localizaciones favorables al costo de disminuir el desempeño del modelo. Como conclusión del trabajo, se puede mencionar que la falta de una herramienta idónea para la simulación hace difícil medir el desempeño de los métodos basados en tiempo de vuelo de la señal, ya que se requiere de precisión del orden de microsegundos para obtener resultados signi cativos. No obstante, la simplicidad del método basado en RSS permite generar simulaciones con errores del orden de decenas de metros, aún cuando el modelo implementado sea bastante rudimentario.

With the development of GPS and 3G network, mobile navigation systems are widely used in people’s daily life. From 2D electronic map to 3D simulation map, the navigation services based on real-scene information is becoming the mainstream. Due to the rapid growth of mobile navigation systems, users are not satisfied with the""basic navigation services any more, such as locating places and devising paths. They put forward higher demands on location-based services (LBS for short). Thus, LBS applications based on mobile navigation systems has attracted more and more attention. This thesis studies the drawbacks and relevant technologies of LBS, then designs and implements the LBS application for mobile virtual navigation systems based on Android platform. First of all, it analyzes the current status of LBS services, and come up with a self-adapting individuation LBS proposal based on user interests. Secondly, according to the requirements of LBS functional integrity and type diversity, it designs three function modules of the LBS application, including Mobile LBS Module, Location Sharing Module and Designated Reconstruction of Real Scene Module. What’s more, Mobile  LBS Module is aimed to provide basic and extended location services to users, as well as user interest-based LBS information. Location Sharing Module puts forward a new check-in mode using physical medium, such as 2D barcodes and Bluetooth devices to share users’ current position. Designated Reconstruction of Real Scene Module is responsible for navigation route review and historical track queries, via the technology of SVG image compression and dynamic caching mechanism. Finally, the LBS application invokes Augmented Reality Module to show the location data, service results and navigation route in 3D form. The LBS application for mobile virtual navigation system based on Android platform in this thesis can provide navigation and location-based services of high quality directly and clearly, as well as bring users new experiences of mobile function. It has already achieved good results in experimental environment.

Master thesis is focused on retrieval of multimedia information based on location of mobile device. Paper describes mobile platforms technology and technology behind location sensing and two-dimensional barcode recognition. There is also included design of client-server architecture for information retrieval of location based multimedia data. Master thesis includes report of system testing and some ideas about new features for implemented location based information distribution system.

Ce travail de recherche vise à étudier les plusieurs variantes de problèmes de planification de voyage et de développer la technique efficace pour résoudre ce problème d'optimisation. Afin de modéliser ce genre de problème le problème d'orientation est devenu le point de départ prometteur. Par conséquent, ce modèle de base est étendue à plusieurs variantes pour permettre des fonctionnalités de séjour supplémentaires. Basé sur l'algorithme qui est appliquée avec succès à l'certaine version du problème, nous avons proposé la Itéré locale algorithme de recherche pour lutter contre dépendant du temps multi contrainte équipe Orientation un problème de temps Windows. Le MCTOPTW simple, prend en compte la limitation du budget de l'argent que de multiples contraintes, en plus de fenêtre de temps et le score de satisfaction associée tandis que le TDMCTOPTW considère l'intégration de réseau de transport public urbain dans la MCTOPTW. / This research work aims to investigate the several variants of trip planning problems and develop efficient technique to solve that optimization problem. In order to model this kind of problem the Orienteering Problem became the promising starting point. Therefore, this basic model is extended to several variants in order to enable additional tourist functionalities. Based on the algorithm that is successfully applied to the certain version of problem, we proposed the Iterated Local Search Algorithm to tackle the Time Dependent Multi Constraint Team Orienteering Problem with Time Windows. The simple MCTOPTW takes into account money budget limitation as multiple constraints in addition to time window and associated satisfaction score while the TDMCTOPTW considers the integration of urban public transportation network into the MCTOPTW.