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Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-02-20T11:12:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 943000 bytes, checksum: e8ed04b3a9fa116eeaf9c7f158ca076c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-20T11:12:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 943000 bytes, checksum: e8ed04b3a9fa116eeaf9c7f158ca076c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-02-10 / Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de propor uma metodologia para avaliação de um sistema de irrigação por pivô central equipado com emissores do tipo Lepa. Um dispositivo para medição da vazão do emissor Lepa foi desenvolvido para operar em condições de campo. As medições de vazão foram feitas em todos os bocais, com os pivôs posicionados em aclive e em declive. Em seguida, determinou-se a percentagem de emissores (100, 50, 33, 25 ou 10%) a ser avaliados para otimizar o tempo de coleta, sem comprometer os coeficientes de uniformidade. Os testes para o desenvolvimento do dispositivo e das metodologias propostas para avaliação de pivô central equipado com emissor tipo Lepa, foram realizados na Área de Observação e Pesquisa em Cafeicultura Irrigada (PNP&D-Café/DEA-UFV/VALMONT), localizada no município de Paula Cândido, Minas Gerais. Com o intuito de comprovar a praticidade do dispositivo desenvolvido e as metodologias propostas, foram avaliados seis sistemas de irrigação localizados nos municípios de Patrocínio, Estrela do Sul e Uberlândia, na região do Triângulo Mineiro. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: velocidade de deslocamento do pivô central; pressões na bomba, no ponto do pivô e no último emissor; evaporação; velocidade do vento; e vazão para cada emissor, ao longo da linha lateral. Os resultados das medições de campo permitiram observar a efetividade do dispositivo de avaliação, que viabiliza medições das vazões individuais dos emissores em condições de campo. De acordo com os resultados não há necessidade de medir a vazão de todos os emissores para avaliação dos coeficientes de uniformidade de Christiansen e de distribuição, podendo-se avaliar somente 50% dos emissores, pois, esta metodologia não diferiu significativamente da metodologia usada para avaliar todos os emissores. A metodologia proposta para avaliar 10% dos emissores diferiu estatisticamente da metodologia padrão. Vale ressaltar, a importância da realização de futuros estudos no sentido de verificar a real contribuição desta metodologia. / A study was carried out to propose a methodology for evaluating the irrigation system by central pivot equipped with Lepa-type emitters. A device for measuring the flow rate of the Lepa emitter was developed to operate under field conditions. The measurements of the flow rate were performed in all nozzles with the central pivots positioned at acclivity and slope. Then, the percentage of the evaluated emitters (100, 50, 33, 25 and 10%) were determined in order to optimize the collection time without committing the uniformity coefficients. The tests for the development of the device and the methodologies proposed to evaluate the central pivot equipped with the Lepa-type emitter were conducted at the Irrigated Coffee growing Research and Observation Area (PNP&D- Café/DEA-UFV/VALMONT), located in Paula Cândido county, Minas Gerais State. To verify the feasibility of the developed device and the proposed methodologies, six irrigation systems located at counties Patrocínio, Estrela do Sul, and Uberlândia, in Triângulo Mineiro region were evaluated. The following parameters were evaluated: the central pivot displacement speed; pump pressures at the pivot point and in last emitter; evaporation; wind speed; and flow rate from each emitter along the lateral line. The results of the field measurements allowed to observe the effectiveness of the device, that makes possible to measure the individual flow rates of the emitters under field conditions. According to the results, there is no need for measuring the flow rate from all emitters to evaluate the Christiansen uniformity coefficients and the distribution coefficients, and just the evaluation of 50% emitters is enough since this methodology did not significantly differ from the methodology addressed to the evaluation of all emitters. The methodology proposed the evaluation of 10% emitters statistically differed from the pattern methodology. It is worth to emphasize the importance of future studies to verify the real contribution of this methodology. / Dissertação importada do Alexandria

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This study evaluated the applicability of remote sensing instrumentation for site- specific management of abiotic and biotic stress on cotton grown under a center pivot. Three different irrigation regimes (100%, 75%, and 50% ETc) were imposed on a cotton field to 1) monitor canopy temperatures of cotton with infrared thermometers (IRTs) in order to pinpoint areas of biotic and abiotic stress, 2) compare aerial infrared photography to IRTs mounted on center pivots to correlate areas of biotic and abiotic stress, and 3) relate yield to canopy temperatures. Pivot-mounted IRTs and IR camera were able to differentiate water stress between the irrigation regimes, however, only the IR camera was effectively able to distinguish between biotic (cotton root rot) and abiotic (drought) stress with the assistance of groundtruthing. The 50% ETc regime had significantly higher canopy temperatures, which were reflected in significantly lower lint yields when compared to the 75% and 100% ETc regimes. Deficit irrigation up to 75% ETc had no impact on yield, indicating that water savings were possible without yield depletion.

This study evaluated the applicability of remote sensing instrumentation for site- specific management of abiotic and biotic stress on cotton grown under a center pivot. Three different irrigation regimes (100%, 75%, and 50% ETc) were imposed on a cotton field to 1) monitor canopy temperatures of cotton with infrared thermometers (IRTs) in order to pinpoint areas of biotic and abiotic stress, 2) compare aerial infrared photography to IRTs mounted on center pivots to correlate areas of biotic and abiotic stress, and 3) relate yield to canopy temperatures. Pivot-mounted IRTs and IR camera were able to differentiate water stress between the irrigation regimes, however, only the IR camera was effectively able to distinguish between biotic (cotton root rot) and abiotic (drought) stress with the assistance of groundtruthing. The 50% ETc regime had significantly higher canopy temperatures, which were reflected in significantly lower lint yields when compared to the 75% and 100% ETc regimes. Deficit irrigation up to 75% ETc had no impact on yield, indicating that water savings were possible without yield depletion.

The paper examines through a legal analysis of some articles of the Cote d’Ivoire Stepping Stone Agreement, how ECOWAS can strengthened its approach in negotiating a comprehensive EPA for the region. These articles are scrutinized with a special focus on market access as to point out fields that need to be re-thinked with regard objectives set out in the agreement. It is argue that current bilateral and multilateral Trade and Investment Agreements are shrinking in their legal framework the policy space need for development in countries that need it the most. This study, underlines the fact that the legal provisions contain in the Cote d’Ivoire IEPA do reduce actually its ability to set up policies tool aim at achieving development goals. It is the sustainability of the IEPA legal provisions that is questioned under this topic with regard to sensitive issues such as the safeguard measures, the stand still clause, the MFN clause, the Rules of Origin etc….. In so doing, the analysis reveals as well the ambiguity of the IEPA relationship with the Cotonou Agreement and the multilateral trade rules of the WTO. This ambiguity is highlighted in an attempt to drawn the attention of the region on the fact that; if there is indeed a need to update the Economic Partnership Agreement currently negotiating with the EC, this cannot be done without first of all updating the negotiating approach of the region. In fact, its weak bargaining approach coupled with that overwhelming of the EC has resulted in the agreement currently on the table. Substantial changes can be made with this regard by acknowledging the insufficiencies in the legal framework of the IEPA but also in learning lesson from mistakes the region itself and Cote d’Ivoire have done in negotiating EPAs and its Interim version. Thus, since EPAs often triggered the debate on liberalization and what it may carry in terms of consequences on developing countries’ economies, examples of countries that took a different step toward liberalization and whose current situation may be use as a testimony by ECOWAS are quoted. Finally, propositions are made to ECOWAS region as to enlarge current development space while battling for more flexibility under the EPA. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted

Pastaruosius dešimtmečius vykstantys ekonominės globalizacijos procesai bei didėjantis valstybių ūkio ir visuomenių integravimasis, intensyvėjantys tarpusavio ryšiai smarkiai pakeitė pasaulį bei tradicinius valstybių santykius. Iškilo kokybiškai naujų įvairiapusių tarpusavio santykių poreikis, kuriuose išskirtinis vaidmuo tenka valstybės ekonominiams interesams. Akademinėje literatūroje dažnai minima egzistuojanti įtampa (konkurencija) tarp politikos ir ekonomikos. Kyla klausimas dėl Lietuvos ekonominių ir politinių interesų suderinamumo, t.y. ar šie interesai suderinami tarpusavyje, ar egzistuoja jų konkurencija? Šio darbo objektas: Lietuvos ekonominių interesų atstovavimas ir šalies ekonominių ir politinių interesų sąveika. Darbo tikslas: analizuojant dabartinę Lietuvos užsienio politiką, išsiaiškinti, kokią reikšmę joje vaidina šalies ekonominiai interesai, t.y. ar Lietuvos ekonominiai interesai formuoja šalies užsienio politiką, ir kiek bei kaip gali jai daryti įtaką. Siekiant įgyvendinti darbe keliamą tikslą, sprendžiami šie uždaviniai:  Apžvelgti ekonomikos ir politikos santykio aiškinimą tarptautinių santykių disciplinoje;  Išanalizuoti kokie [ir kokiu mastu] ekonominiai interesai minimi svarbiausiuose užsienio politikos dokumentuose ir kokia reikšmė jiems teikiama;  Išnagrinėti ekonominių užsienio interesų atstovavimo institucionalizavimą;  Identifikuoti ekonominių interesų atstovavimo užsienyje silpnybes;  Ištirti ekonominių ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Ongoing economic globalization processes of the late decades and the increasing integration of markets and societies have changed the world and the traditional intercourse among states. The importance of economic interests of countries is constantly rising. Academic literature often mentions and existing tension (competition) between politics and economics. That is why there is a question,- are these interests compatible or competing in Lithuania? The object of this study: Lithuanian economic interest representation and the interaction among economic and political interests of the state. Purpose: to find out how important are economic interests in the contemporary Lithuanian foreign policy; in what way and how much can they influence it. In order to implement the main purpose of this study these objectives are being met:  To review the interpretation of the relation between economics and politics in the internationa relations discipline;  To analyze which [and in what extent] economic interests are being mentioned in the most important foreign policy documents and what is their significance in those documents;  To explore the institutionalization of economic interest representation;  To identify the weaknesses of economic interest representation in foreign countries;  To study the interaction between economic and political interests according to the most important Lithuanian foreign policy regional courses - Europe, CIS, Asia and... [to full text]