Des avantages et désavantages cognitifs existeraient chez l’enfant bilingue par rapport à son homologue unilingue, dû à l’activation constante des deux langues chez le bilingue et à son traitement langagier plus complexe. Cette surcharge de traitement affecterait d’ailleurs l’accès lexical des bilingues, qui auraient davantage de « mots sur le bout de la langue ». Puisque le discours pourrait être une mesure d’évaluation moins biaisée que les tests de vocabulaire normés et qui permettrait de saisir les compétences fondamentales lexicales des enfants, le Test of Word Finding in Discourse (TWFD ; German, 1991) a été utilisé afin d’évaluer l’incidence des manifestations des difficultés d’accès lexical (DAL ; répétition, révision, mot vide, commentaire métalinguistique ou métacognitif, substitution, pause ou interjection) dans trois situations discursives (2 narratives, 1 explicative) de 30 enfants québécois entre 7;1 et 10;8 ans (15 unilingues francophones et 15 bilingues simultanés français–anglais, dominants en français. L’alternance codique (code-switching), pertinente par la présence de la population bilingue, a aussi été étudiée. Aucune différence n’a été obtenue entre les enfants unilingues et bilingues pour l’incidence des manifestations des DAL. Davantage de mots vides et de révisions ont par ailleurs été obtenus dans le discours explicatif alors que le taux de pauses était plus élevé dans le discours narratif et ce, pour tous les enfants. L’évaluation de la productivité de langage a montré une différence entre les enfants bilingues et unilingues, où ces derniers ont obtenus des moyennes supérieures pour le nombre d’énoncés total, le nombre de mots total et le nombre de mots différents. Aussi, la longueur moyenne de l’énoncé était en moyenne plus longue, pour tous les enfants, dans le discours explicatif que dans la narration. Enfin, les manifestations du MBL en discours seraient une mesure sensible d’évaluation des enfants typiques bilingues, puisque leurs résultats de production ne diffèrent pas de ceux des unilingues typiques, ce qui pourrait éviter de les surdiagnostiquer avec un trouble de langage. / Cognitive advantages and disadvantages seem to exist in the bilingual child compared to his unilingual counterpart, due to the constant activation of the two languages in the bilingual and to his subsequent more complex language processing. This processing overload seems to affect the lexical access of bilinguals, who would have more words on the “tip of their tongue". Since discourse could be a less biased assessment measure than standardized vocabulary tests and would capture children's basic lexical skills, the Test of Word Finding in Discourse (TWFD ; German, 1991) was used to assess the presence of word-finding difficulties (WFD ; repetition, revision, empty word, metalinguistic or metacognitive comment, substitution, pause or interjection) in three discourse situations (2 narrative, 1 expository) of 30 Quebec children between 7;1 and 10;8 years old (15 unilingual francophones and 15 French-English bilinguals (French dominant)). Code-switching, relevant to the presence of the bilingual population, was also studied. No difference was found between monolingual and bilingual children in the WFD measure for the incidence of WFD. More empty words and revisions were obtained in the expository speech for all children, while the rate of pauses was higher in the narrative speech. The assessment of language productivity showed a difference between bilingual and monolingual children, where the latter obtained higher averages for the total number of utterances, the total number of words and the number of different words. Also, the mean length of utterances was longer in the expository discourse than in the narrative, regardless of languages spoken by the children. Finally, WFD manifestations in discourse could be a sensitive measure of assessment for typical bilingual children, since their production scores did not differ from those of typical monolinguals. This could prevent overidentification of language disorders in this population.

No description available.

Résumé : En raison de la concurrence qu’il y a au Québec entre une norme québécoise et une norme internationale, les questionnements normatifs sont nombreux chez les professionnels de la langue, et tout particulièrement chez les enseignants de français. Dans cette étude, nous avons cherché à voir comment les représentations de la norme lexicale chez les professeurs de français langue d’enseignement au secondaire se manifestent dans leur discours à partir d’usages dont la valeur normative n’est pas clairement définie. Pour ce faire, nous avons mené des entrevues auprès de 20 enseignants et enseignantes de français au deuxième cycle du secondaire au Québec au cours desquelles nous leur avons demandé de corriger de courts textes et de justifier leurs corrections. Puis, nous les avons interrogés sur leur conception de la norme lexicale écrite et sur leurs positions normatives à l’endroit de diverses catégories d’emplois lexicaux. Il en ressort que cette norme est le français québécois standard tel qu’on peut le dégager des dictionnaires les plus usuels ou encore perçu selon l’intuition linguistique des participants. Ce français se distingue du français oral et il exclut les anglicismes critiqués, les mots vulgaires, les impropriétés et les barbarismes. Si certains types d’emplois sont clairement jugés non compatibles avec la norme, d’autres donnent lieu à des prises de position normatives moins tranchées, plus instables. Ainsi, les néologismes, les archaïsmes, les mots familiers et les emprunts peuvent être acceptés, selon la situation de communication et selon des critères comme l’usage et l’absence de synonyme. Le modèle de l’Imaginaire linguistique d’Houdebine nous a servi de grille pour catégoriser et analyser les représentations linguistiques observées dans le discours des participants. Cette analyse révèle que les enseignants s’appuient principalement sur des critères d’ordre prescriptif et constatif, soit le dictionnaire et l’usage, et parfois aussi sur d’autres critères comme la précision, l’intercompréhension, la fréquence ou la valeur identitaire de certains usages lexicaux pour décider de les corriger ou de les accepter lors de la correction de productions écrites. / Abstract : Due to a competition between two linguistic norms in Quebec, a Quebec norm and an international norm, language professionals – especially French teachers – often deal with prescriptive questions. Our study aims at studying how high school French language teachers’ attitudes towards the lexical norm are reflected in their discourse based on examples of uses without a clearly defined prescriptive value. To do so, we conducted individual interviews with 20 Secondary French teachers (Cycle Two) in Quebec. During these interviews, they were asked to correct short texts and to justify their corrections. Then, they were questioned on their conception of the written lexical norm and on their normative positions towards various categories of lexical uses. This research reveals that their norm is the Quebec French standard as it is described in dictionaries or, in many cases, perceived according to the informant’s linguistic intuition. This French variety is distinguished from spoken French and excludes criticized anglicisms, coarse language, language errors and barbarisms. Although some categories of uses are clearly deemed incompatible with the norm, not all categories are given a clear-cut, stable stand. Thus, neologisms, archaisms, colloquial words and loanwords may be accepted, depending on the context and based on certain criteria such as usage and non-existence of synonyms. Houdebine’s model of linguistic imaginary served as a grid to classify and analyze the linguistic representations observed in the participants’ discourse. This analysis shows that teachers rely heavily on prescriptive and constative criteria, that is to say dictionaries and usage, and sometimes also on other criteria such as accuracy, mutual understanding, frequency or identity value of some lexical uses in order to decide whether to correct them or not while assessing written productions.

Ce mémoire présente une évaluation des différentes méthodes utilisées en lexicographie afin d’identifier les liens lexicaux dans les dictionnaires où sont répertoriées des collocations. Nous avons ici comparé le contenu de fiches du DiCo, un dictionnaire de dérivés sémantiques et de collocations créé selon les principes de la lexicologie explicative et combinatoire, avec les listes de cooccurrents générées automatiquement à partir du corpus Le Monde 2002. Notre objectif est ici de proposer des améliorations méthodologiques à la création de fiches de dictionnaire du type du DiCo, c’est-à-dire, des dictionnaires d’approche qualitative, où la collocation est définie comme une association récurrente et arbitraire entre deux items lexicaux et où les principaux outils méthodologiques utilisés sont la compétence linguistique de ses lexicographes et la consultation manuelle de corpus de textes. La consultation de listes de cooccurrents est une pratique associée habituellement à une approche lexicographique quantitative, qui définit la collocation comme une association entre deux items lexicaux qui est plus fréquente, dans un corpus, que ce qui pourrait être attendu si ces deux items lexicaux y étaient distribués de façon aléatoire. Nous voulons mesurer ici dans quelle mesure les outils utilisés traditionnellement dans une approche quantitative peuvent être utiles à la création de fiches lexicographiques d’approche qualitative, et de quelle façon leur utilisation peut être intégrée à la méthodologie actuelle de création de ces fiches. / This paper presents an evaluation of the various methods used in lexicography in order to identify the lexical bonds in dictionaries where collocations are indexed. We compared the contents of entries of the DiCo, a dictionary of semantic derivatives and collocations created according to the principles of explanatory and combinative lexicology, with the lists of cooccurrents generated automatically from the Le Monde 2002 corpus. Our objective here is to propose improvement in the methodology of creation of dictionary entry of DiCo-like dictionaries, i.e., dictionaries of a qualitative approach, where collocation is defined as the recurring and arbitrary associations between two lexical items and where the principal methodological tools used are the linguistic ability of its lexicographers and the manual consultation of corpus of text. The consultation of lists of cooccurrents is a practice associated traditionally with a quantitative lexicographical approach, which defines collocation as an association between two lexical items, which is more frequent, in a corpus, than what could be expected if these two lexical items were randomly distributed in corpus. We want to evaluate in what respect the tools used traditionally in a quantitative approach can be used for the creation of lexicographical entries of a qualitative approach, and how their use can be integrated into the current methology of creation of these entries.

Souvent, lorsque les locuteurs d'une langue n'ont pas accès à l'item conventionnel pour étiqueter un objet ou un événement, ils étendent, consciemment ou inconsciemment, le sens d'un autre item lexical disponible. Ce phénomène se produit particulièrement au cours de la phase d'acquisition lexicale des jeunes enfants. Lorsqu'une telle sur-extension sémantique va au-delà de la catégorie d'objet ou d'événement conventionnellement dénotée par l'item lexical produit, il s'agit d'une sur-extension catégorielle et l'énoncé produit est d'allure métaphorique: par exemple, « déshabiller la pomme » pour l'action peler une pomme est un énoncé d'allure métaphorique. Tout d'abord, cette thèse a permis de développer SLAM, un système de résolution lexicale automatique des métaphores produites en situation de manque du mot. SLAM s'appuie, d'une part, sur l'analyse syntaxique de grands corpus et, d'autre part, sur la structure Petit Monde Hiérarchique des réseaux lexicaux de synonymie. Par exemple, à partir des énoncés « elle déshabille* la pomme » ou « les bras* de l'arbre », SLAM permet d'obtenir les interprétations suivantes: respectivement, « elle pèle une pomme » et « les branches de l'arbre ».Ensuite, cette thèse a permis d'étudier spécifiquement la dynamique d'acquisition du lexique des verbes qui se stabilise après celui des noms. D'une part, des outils méthodologiques pour l'étude inter-linguistique de la dynamique d'acquisition du lexique des verbes ont été élaborés: (a) un cadre méthodologique pour la construction de procédures d'identification des sur-extensions sémantiques catégorielles des verbes; (b) une méthodologie pour le repérage des stimuli visuels d'action sans biais culturel. D'autre part, les liens entre la structure des réseaux lexicaux de synonymie et la dynamique d'acquisition du lexique des verbes en français et en mandarin ont été mis au jour. Après avoir pointé des différences dans la dynamique d'acquisition du lexique des verbes par les jeunes enfants natifs du français et du mandarin, cette étude a servi à construire le score REFLEX, mesure du degré d'acquisition du lexique des verbes, qui permet de catégoriser automatiquement les jeunes enfants vs adultes en français et en mandarin. / When speakers have no access to the conventional label for an object or an event, they tend to extend, consciously or not, the meaning of another available lexical label. This phenomenon often occurs during the lexical acquisition stage of young children. When a such overextension goes beyond the conventional object or event category denoted by the produced label, it is a categorical overextension and the produced utterance is metaphorical: for instance, ``to undress an apple'' for the action to peel an apple is metaphorical.During this thesis, I developed SLAM, a computational system that automatically gives lexical solutions to metaphors filling a lexical gap. SLAM is based on a syntactic analysis of large corpora and on the Hierarchical Small World structure of synonymy networks. For instance, when the produced utterances are ``elle déshabille* une pomme'' ( ``she undresses* an apple'') or ``les bras* de l'arbr'' (``the arms* of the tree''), SLAM gives the interpretations here after: respectively, ``elle pèle une pomme'' (``she peels an apple'') and ``les branches de l'arbre'' (``the branches of the tree'').Then, I studied the dynamics of verb lexicon acquisition that is longer than noun lexicon acquisition. On the one hand, I built methodological tools for inter-linguistic studies of the dynamics of verb lexicon acquisition: (a) a methodological frame to build procedures to identify categorical overextensions of verbs; (b) a methodology to detect visual stimuli containing actions without cultural bias. On the other hand, I highlighted the links between the structure of synonymy networks and the dynamics of verbs lexicon acquisition in french and mandarin. This study has indicated differences in dynamics of verb lexicon acquisition between french and mandarin native speakers. Finally, I built REFLEX, a score that indicates the degree of verb lexicon acquisition and automatically categorizes young children vs adults in french and mandarin.

L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier l’apprentissage tardif de nouvelles catégories vocaliques, en particulier l’influence de la langue première sur les processus d’acquisition tels qu’ils sont décrits dans les modèles du traitement des phonèmes non natifs. Dans cette étude, deux approches expérimentales ont été adoptées. En premier lieu, les techniques comportementales et électrophysiologiques ont permis d’examiner la perception de contrastes de l’anglais-américain chez des francophones natifs, aux niveaux acoustique, phonologique et lexical, en fonction de l’expérience linguistique. En second lieu, des analyses acoustiques ont été menées sur la perception et la production des voyelles du français et de l’anglais chez des Californiens durant une année d’immersion linguistique en France pour comprendre a) comment ces deux processus évoluent et sont liés aux premiers stades de l’apprentissage en L2 et b) l’influence de la L1 sur la production de mots homophoniques entre les deux langues. Les résultats montrent que la formation tardive de nouvelles catégories vocaliques est possible et que cette distinction est maintenue au niveau lexical. L’expérience linguistique participe à ce changement perceptif mais ne garanti pas un traitement cognitif aussi automatique que pour les auditeurs natifs de la langue. Dans la partie phonétique, les résultats montrent que les distinctions phonétiques peuvent être perçues et produites en fonction des patrons d’assimilation décrits dans les modèles en acquisition et du recouvrement phonologique sur les items lexicaux. Enfin, les distinctions réalisées en perception précèderaient leur réalisation articulatoire comme le postule Flege (1995). / This thesis investigates the formation of L2 vowel category in late learners, regarding particularly the influence of the first language on the acquisition process as described in the theoretical predictions of models of L2 speech sound processing. In this study, two different experimental approaches were conducted. At first, we examined, with electrophysiological and behavioral techniques, the perception of American-English contrasts by French late learners of English at the acoustical, phonological and lexical level as a function of linguistic experience. Second, fine grained acoustical analysis have been run on the perception and production of French vowels by American English late learners with a specific dialect: that from California, in order to a) understand how both processes evolve and are linked during the first stages of learning an L2 in immersion and b) examine the effect of the L1 on the production of L2 speech sounds due to possible lexical competition with homophonic words in French and English. The results show that new L2 vowel categories can be learned and the differences maintained at the lexical level even in late learners. Linguistic experience enables perceptive changes but does not guarantee a cognitive processing as automatic as for native speakers. In the phonetic part of the study, the results show that phonetic differences can be perceived and produced as a function of the pattern of assimilation described in models of L2 acquisition and phonological overlap between French and English words. Finally, it seems that the evolution of perception skills precede production one’s in line with SLM predictions (Flege, 1995).

[pt] Esta pesquisa propõe uma nova forma de análise dos verbos de ligação em Língua Portuguesa. A Gramática Tradicional considera que este grupo de verbos possui apenas uma função sintática, sem atenção ao seu significado. Na verdade, os verbos de ligação e seus complementos constituem uma expressão por si só significativa. Esta característica nos permite compará-los aos verbos-suporte, já que eles têm o mesmo tipo de comportamento. / [en] This research proposes a new way of analising verbos de ligação (copulae) in Portuguese. Traditional Grammar considers this group of verbs as having a purely syntactic function, paying no attention to their meaning. In fact, these verbs and their complements constitute an expression with meaning of its own. This characteristic enables us to compare verbos de ligação to light verbs, since they have the same kind of behavior.

A presente tese tem por objetivo geral descrever a norma semântico-lexical dos quatro municípios Caraguatatuba, Ilhabela, São Sebastião e Ubatuba do ponto de vista geolinguístico e elaborar o Atlas Semântico-Lexical do Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo. Em função de diversos processos de urbanização, significativas mudanças no panorama cultural e linguístico estão ocorrendo na região. Em razão disto, é preciso resgatar e registrar, o mais rápido possível, a riqueza lexical existente nessas localidades e contribuir não só para a elaboração do Atlas Linguístico do Estado de São Paulo e do Atlas Linguístico do Brasil, mas também para as mais diversas pesquisas da língua portuguesa falada hoje no País. Elaborou-se este estudo a partir de elementos teóricos da Geolinguística, que parte da aplicação de um questionário numa rede de pontos, a um número de sujeitos com características pré-estabelecidas, cujas respostas dadas compõem os cartogramas que formam o atlas. Utilizou-se o Questionário Semântico-Lexical (QSL), versão 2000, do Projeto ALiB - Atlas Linguístico do Brasil. Em cada um dos pontos, entrevistaram-se adultos de 18 a 30 anos e de 50 a 65 anos, de ambos os gêneros, que tivessem estudado apenas até a 8ª série do Ensino Fundamental. Os dados colhidos durante as entrevistas geraram os histogramas, os gráficos e as tabelas, cujos registros mostram a diversidade semântico-lexical do falar da região, posteriormente documentada nos 208 cartogramas linguísticos. Para o tratamento qualitativo do corpus, esta tese fundamenta-se nas postulações teóricas de Muller (1968), Coseriu (1973), Pottier (1978) e Barbosa (1989). Para o tratamento quantitativo, baseia-se nos postulados da Linguística Quantitativa de Muller (1968 e 1977) e em seus estudos relativos à Estatística Lexical. Ao final, obteve-se um total de 148 lexias com alta frequência ( 50%) e distribuição regular que revelam a norma da região. Com 100% de frequência e presentes em todos os pontos encontram-se as seguintes lexias: arco-íris, janeiro [...] (meses do ano), ontem, amendoim, girassol, carrinho de mão, beija-flor, papagaio, calcanhar, banguelo, fanhoso, gêmeos, isqueiro, canjica, ônibus. / The hereby thesis aims by general purpose to describe the semantic-lexical norm of four counties - Caragatatuba, Ilhabela, São Sebastião and Ubatuba,by the Geolinguistic viewpoint and to elaborate the Semantic-lexical Atlas of São Paulo state north coast. As a result of many urbanization processes, weighty changes in the cultural and linguistical landscape are occuring on the region. Whence it is needed to rescue and etch, as soon as possible the existent lexical richness of these localities and contribute, not only for the State of São Paulos Linguistic Atlas and the Brazil´s Linguistic Atlas but also to manifold research of the ongoing portuguese spoken language. This study had been elaborated from Geolinguistics theoretical aspects built on a questionnaire application, in a net of points, to a number of premised features fellows, whose given answers compose the maps (cartograms) that forms the Atlas. The thesis uses the Semantic-Lexical Questionnaire (SLQ), 2000 version, from AliBs - Brazils Linguistic Atlas project. In each point, adults of both genders and aged from 18 to 30 and 50 to 65, that had studied until the 8th grade of Grade School, were interviewed. The throughout interviews collected data created the histograms, the graphics and the charts, which registers show the region semantic-lexical diversity, later documented on the 208 linguistic maps (cartograms). To the qualitative corpus treatment, this thesis underlies in the theoretical postulations of Muller (1968), Coseriu (1973), Pottier (1978) and Barbosa (1989). To the quantitative treatment, underlies in the quantitative linguistics postulations of Muller (1968 and 1977) and in his lexical statistics studies. Finally, we obtained a total of 148 lexias of high frequency (50%) and regular distribution that revealed the region norm. With 100% of frequency and present at all points are the following lexias: arco-íris, Janeiro [...](months of the year), ontem, amendoim, girassol, carrinho de mão, beija-flor, papagaio, calcanhar, banguela, fanhoso, gêmeos, isqueiro, canjica e ônibus.

O objetivo geral desta tese é fazer um estudo do léxico no município de Paranaguá-PR, propondo uma discussão sobre manutenção, tendência à manutenção, desuso e tendência ao desuso de lexias extraídas de fontes manuscritas setecentistas, datadas da mesma localidade. Para a realização deste estudo são utilizados, além dos documentos manuscritos digitalizados, dicionários da Língua Portuguesa e material oral. A base teórico-metodológica que norteia esta pesquisa é a da Dialetologia, mas aproxima-se também das utilizadas em pesquisas filológicas (edição de documentos), sociolinguísticas (pesquisa de campo e análise das lexias considerando células sociais) e lexicográficas (elaboração do glossário). Os objetivos específicos são: (i) traçar o panorama histórico da área estudada para auxiliar na compreensão dos aspectos socioculturais, (ii) fazer a edição semidiplomática, acompanhada da reprodução fac-similar dos documentos manuscritos, servindo de base para a caracterização do estado da língua setecentista; (iii) elaborar o glossário visando apresentar a definição dos itens lexicais selecionados com acepções e abonações extraídas do corpus escrito; (iv) investigar as lexias selecionadas por meio dos dados orais coletados com auxílio do questionário semânticolexical, adotando para a seleção dos informantes as variáveis sociais: faixa etária, sexo, naturalidade e grau de escolaridade; e, por fim, (v) verificar, a partir das lexias testadas, o grau de manutenção, tendência à manutenção, desuso e tendência ao desuso, em relação às acepções registradas nos documentos em questão. Tomando por base a análise do contexto de fala dos informantes de Paranaguá, constatou-se que há, no geral, a tendência ao desuso das lexias extraídas do corpus escrito, principalmente por parte dos informantes da primeira faixa etária. Em suma, espera-se que os resultados dessa pesquisa possam contribuir e, ao mesmo tempo, fornecer dados confiáveis aos estudos linguísticos sobre o estado de língua escrita no período setecentista e seus ecos na variedade portuguesa falada em Paranaguá e, por extensão, no Brasil. / The overall objective of this thesis is to study the lexicon in the city of Paranaguá-PR, proposing a discussion on maintenance, tendency to maintenance, disuse and tendency to disuse of lexicon extracted from eighteenth-century manuscript sources, dating from the same locality. For this study, in addition to scanned handwritten documents, dictionaries of Portuguese and oral material are used. The theoretical and methodological basis that guides this research is the Dialectology, but also the basis used in philological research (document editing), sociolinguistic research (field research and analysis of lexicon considering social cells) and lexicographic research (preparing the glossary) .The specific objectives are: (i) to trace the historical background of the study area to assist in understanding the socio-cultural aspects, (ii) to do the semi-diplomatic editing, followed by facsimile reproduction of the handwritten documents, providing the basis for characterizing the state of eighteenth-century language, (iii) to select the lexicon to be tested in the city of Paranaguá, and, from them, to prepare the glossary seeking to present the definition of lexical items with meanings and accreditations extracted from the written corpus , (iv) to collect oral data with the aid of a lexical-semantic questionnaire, adopting for the selection of informants the following social variables: age, sex, place of birth and education level, and finally (v) to verify, from the lexicon tested, the level of maintenance, tendency to maintenance, disuse and tendency to disuse, regarding the meanings recorded in the documents in question. Based on the analysis of the context of the speech of informants from Paranaguá, it was found that, in general, there is a tendency to disuse of lexicon extracted from the written corpus, especially by the informants from the first age group. In short, it is expected that the results of this research can contribute and, at the same time, provide reliable data for linguistic studies on the state of written language during the eighteenth century and its echoes on the Portuguese variety spoken in Paranaguá and, by extension, in Brazil.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Suzana Ramalho Furtado.pdf: 3340815 bytes, checksum: 4f96978a30e82611711a598428db69e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-28 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This Dissertation is grounded within the History and Portuguese Language Description research line, of the Post-Graduation Studies in Portuguese Language of Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo and comprehends an exploratory investigation, whose object of study is limited to the foreign words present in the Brazilian Portuguese language. The use of foreign words is seen as a phenomenon whose milestone is inserted within the history of composition of a certain language and reaches any coexistence. Grounded by the principles and presuppositions of Lexicology, and guided by a general objective to try to understand the strategies adopted by users of the Brazilian Portuguese language in the process of transference of foreign words in linguistic loans the investigative route is guided by three different focuses. One of them emphasizes the cultural and historical point of view, giving importance to different contexts of human social formations, in the flow of their constructions, in order to place in them the composition of the Brazilian Portuguese language as a product of contact between different peoples, users of different languages; another one, broader, concerns social, historical and cultural contexts that comprise human social formations supported by the development of technologies; and the last one is limited to linguistic studies that mainly focus on the lexical, aiming at determining the strategies implied in the process of nationalization of foreign words that, in the current coexistence, were or are being incorporated into the Brazilian Portuguese language vocabulary. The methodological procedure implied the selection and analysis of a corpus, in order to provide examples, comprised of words from the English language, selected from different semantic fields, in order to focus on the transference processes of foreign words in lexical loans, paying special attention to the comparison with the foundation milestone of the categories: projection, transfer and identity: those that ensure, by analogical principles, identify the non familiar by the familiar . It is important to notice that, for the analyses, the words and their respective contents were considered in their phonological, morphosyntatic and semantic dimensions. The results obtained show that the acquisition and use of new words, as well as of a foreign language, never take place in an isolated manner, but in the flow of speech and is grounded on the previous knowledge of the speaker. Therefore, the use of foreign words requires from the user who does not speak the English language a greater effort of interpretation and comprehension, even when the cultural repertoire of the English language is used in sentences structured by phrasal categories of the Portuguese language. It was also noticed that the words become Portuguese words in the phonetic point of view and, when integrated into the vocabulary system, become productive in a way that the new lexical matrix begins to support the product of new vocabulary forms; therefore, the loans are explained by the lexical productivity / Esta Dissertação situa-se na linha de pesquisa História e Descrição da Língua Portuguesa, do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo e compreende uma investigação exploratória, cujo objeto de estudo está circunscrito aos estrangeirismos presentificados no idioma português-brasileiro. Postula-se o uso de estrangeirismo como um fenômeno cujo marco se inscreve na própria história da formação de um dado idioma e se estende a qualquer contemporaneidade. Fundamentado pelos princípios e pressupostos da Lexicologia, e norteado por um objetivo geral buscar compreender as estratégias empregadas pelos usuários do idioma português-brasileiro nos processos de transmudação dos estrangeirismos em empréstimos lingüísticos o percurso investigativo está traçado por três focalizações. Uma que privilegia o ponto de vista histórico-cultural, atribuindo relevo a diferentes contextos das formações sociais humanas, no fluxo de suas construções, para neles situar a formação do idioma português-brasileiro como um produto de contato entre diferentes povos, usuários de línguas diferentes; outra mais ampla referente a contextos sócio-histórico-culturais que configuram formações sociais humanas que têm por suporte o desenvolvimento de tecnologias; e uma última circunscrita aos quadros dos estudos lingüísticos que privilegiam o léxico, com vistas a verificar quais são as estratégias implicadas no processo de nacionalização de vocábulos estrangeiros que, na atual contemporaneidade, foram ou estão sendo incorporados ao vocabulário do idioma português-brasileiro. O procedimento metodológico implicou a seleção e análise de um corpus, a título de exemplificação, composto de palavras do idioma inglês, selecionadas a partir de diferentes campos semânticos, no qual se busca focalizar os processos de transmudação de estrangeirismos em empréstimos lexicais, privilegiando a comparação com o marco fundador das categorias: projeção, transferência e identidade: aquelas que asseguram, por princípios analógicos, identificar o não familiar pelo familiar . Ressalta-se que, para as análises, as formas vocabulares e seus respectivos conteúdos foram considerados em sua dimensão fonológica, morfossintática e semântica. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a aquisição e uso de novos vocábulos, bem como de uma língua estrangeira, nunca ocorrem de forma isolada, e sim no fluxo da discursivização e têm por ancoragem os conhecimentos prévios do falante. De forma que, a utilização de palavras estrangeiras exige do usuário não falante do idioma inglês um maior esforço de interpretação e de compreensão mesmo quando o repertório cultural da língua inglesa é empregado em enunciados estruturados pelas categorias frasais da língua portuguesa. Constatou-se, ainda, que os vocábulos são aportuguesados pelo ponto de vista fonético e, quando integrados ao sistema vocabular, se tornam produtivos de forma que a nova matriz lexical passa a sustentar a produção de novas formas vocabulares; portanto os empréstimos são explicados pela produtividade lexical