Este trabalho consiste no estudo de juntas soldadas de ligas metálicas Odontológicas, Titânio comercialmente puro e liga de ouro, aplicada em próteses sobre implantes, empregando processo de soldagem a laser. A caracterização destes biomateriais e das juntas soldadas foram feitas por meio de técnicas de análise química, análise metalográfica utilizando-se microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura - MEV, com espectroscopia por espalhamento de energia dispersiva de raios X-EDX , espedroscopia por comprimento de onda de raios X - WDX, mapeamento elementar, / difratometria de raios X. Foi estudado também a dureza, correlacionando-as com a microestrutura e composição química. Realizou-se ensaios caracterizando o processo de corrosão nos metais base e nas juntas soldadas, em solução de NaCI 0,15 mol L<sup-1 , utilizando técnica eletroquímica; curva de polarização potenciodinâmica. Na região do cordão de solda, a microestrutura do titânio comercialmente puro foi do tipo martensítica, e na liga ouro paládio, apresentou uma morfologia dendrítica. No titânio, a dureza no metal base foi de 199 HV, menor do que a dureza no cordão de solda, que foi de 421 HV, devido a presença da microestrutura martensítica. Na liga de ouro a dureza no metal base foi de196 HV, maior do que a dureza no cordão de solda, que foi de 103 HV, devido à microestrutura dendrita. Na caracterização da resistência à corrosão os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma menor resistência à corrosão no cordão de solda para ambos os biometeriais no meio estudado / This work comprises the study of odontological metallic welded joints, commercially pure titanium and gold alloys, applied to prothesis on implants, employing laser welding process. The characterization of these biomaterials and welded joints was made by means of chemical and metallographic analysis, by using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique with Energy Dispersive X Rays analysis (EDX), elemental mapping, and X-Ray Difractometry. Experimental tests were carried out characterizing the corrosion process in metal base and welded joints, in NaCI solution 0.15 mo L-1, using electrochemical techniques, potentiodynamic polarization curve. The correlation among hardness, microstructure and chemical composition was aiso studied. In the welding region, the commercially pure titanium microstructure type found was a martensitic one, and in the gold palladium alloy, it presented a dendritic morphology. In titanium, the hardness in the base metal was 199 HV, smaller than the hardness in welding region, which was 421 HV, due to the presence of the martensitic microstructure. In the gold alloy, the hardness in the base metal was 196 HV, greater than the one found in the welding region, which was 103 HV, due to the dendritic microstructure. In the characterization of resistance to corrosion, the results showed a smaller resistance to the corrosion in the welding area for both biomaterials in the studied environment

Protonated epoxides feature prominently in organic chemistry as reactive intermediates. Gas-phase calculations studying the structure and ring-opening energetics of protonated ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and 2-methyl-1,2-epoxypropane were performed at the B3LYP and MP2 levels (both with the 6-311++G** basis set). Structural analyses were performed for 10 protonated epoxides using B3LYP, MP2, and CCSD/6-311++G** calculations. Protonated 2-methyl-1,2-epoxypropane was the most problematic species studied, where relative to CCSD, B3LYP consistently overestimates the C2-O bond length. The difficulty for DFT methods in modeling the protonated isobutylene oxide is due to the weakness of this C2-O bond. Protonated epoxides featuring more symmetrical charge distribution and cyclic homologues featuring less ring strain are treated with greater accuracy by B3LYP. Ion-pair separation (IPS) of THF-solvated fluorenyl, diphenylmethyl, and trityl lithium was studied computationally. Minimum-energy equilibrium geometries of explicit mono, bis and tris-solvated contact ion pairs (CIPs) and tetrakis-sovlated solvent separated ion pair (SSIPs) were modeled at B3LYP/6-31G*. Associative transition structures linking the tris-solvated CIPs and tetrakis-solvated SIPs were also located. In vacuum, B3LYP/6-31G* ΔHIPS values are 6-8 kcal/mol less exothermic than the experimentally-determined values in THF solution. Incorporation of secondary solvation in the form of Onsager and PCM single-point calculations showed an increase in exothermicity of IPS. Application of a continuum solvation model (Onsager) during optimization at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory produced significant changes in the Cα-Li contact distances in the SSIPs. An increase in of ion pair separation exothermicity was observed upon using both PCM and Onsager solvation models, highlighting the importance of both explicit and implicit solvation in modeling of ion pair separation. / Ph. D.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:42:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Selauco Vurobi Junior.pdf: 11393281 bytes, checksum: a1e8a368c73edec5e283ae8d58f5a808 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A Modified SAE 4118H steel was submitted to different isothermal treatments, between 700 and 400ºC for each 50ºC range, in order to evaluate the decomposition of austenite under constant temperature. The austenitization was conducted under vacuum air pressure of 10-2 atm during 15 minutes. Then, each sample was transferred to an isothermal bath stabilized in the temperature of interest. The time of each treatment was varied from 15 to 28800 seconds depending on the temperature of treatment. After each time of treatment specimens were quenched in stirred brine in order to stop transformation. After standard metallographic preparation, samples were etched with color etchants. With these reagents, the different microconstituintes of Modified SAE 4118H steel obtained after each isothermal treatment had excellent contrast. The volumetric fractions of microconstituintes were determined by systematic manual point count. For heat treated samples between 700 and 550ºC, the Modified SAE 4118H steel presented microstructure consisting of ferrite and pearlite. The bainitic microstructure formation was detected in 500 and 400ºC range. The rate of transformation of Modified SAE 4118H steel was compared with the DIN 25CrMo4 steel, because of the similarity of composition. The Modified SAE 4118H steel presented pearlite transformation faster than the DIN 25CrMo4 steel and bainitic reaction at lowest temperatures. Reducing the temperature of treatment more refined microstructures was provided, which raised the hardness levels of the Modified SAE 4118H steel. / Um aço SAE 4118H Modificado foi submetido a tratamentos isotérmicos entre 700 e 400ºC a cada 50ºC de intervalo, com a intenção de se avaliar a decomposição da austenita sob temperatura constante. Para tanto, o aço foi austenitizado sob vácuo de aproximadamente 10-2 atm durante 15 minutos. Na seqüência, transferiu-se cada amostra para um banho isotérmico estabilizado na temperatura de interesse. Variou-se o tempo de permanência sob tratamento isotérmico de 15 a 28800 segundos em função da temperatura de tratamento. Após o período de tratamento isotérmico cada amostra foi temperada em salmoura agitada para que fossem interrompidas as transformações. Após preparação metalográfica padrão, as amostras foram atacadas com reagentes de metalografia colorida. Com estes reagentes, conseguiu-se excelente contraste entre os diferentes microconstituintes do aço SAE 4118H Modificado, obtidos após cada tratamento isotérmico. As frações volumétricas dos microconstituintes formados foram determinadas por meio da contagem sistemática manual de pontos. Entre as Temperaturas de 700 e 550ºC o aço SAE 4118H Modificado apresentou microestrutura composta por ferrita e perlita. Entre 500 e 400ºC a microestrutura bainítica foi formada. As velocidades de transformação do aço SAE 4118H Modificado foram comparadas com aquelas apresentadas pelo aço DIN 25CrMo4, utilizado para a comparação devido à similaridade de composição. O aço SAE 4118H Modificado apresentou transformação perlítica mais rápida que o aço DIN 25CrMo4 e transformação bainítica a mais baixas temperaturas. A redução da temperatura de tratamento proporcionou microestruturas mais refinadas, o que elevou os níveis de dureza do aço SAE 4118H Modificado.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-03-08T21:00:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CLÁUDIO EMANUEL SILVA OLIVEIRA - TESE PPGEQ 2016..pdf: 1522932 bytes, checksum: af3e91fc6bc098f58a808b7fd90cc619 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-08T21:00:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLÁUDIO EMANUEL SILVA OLIVEIRA - TESE PPGEQ 2016..pdf: 1522932 bytes, checksum: af3e91fc6bc098f58a808b7fd90cc619 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / A utilização de ligas de Nitinol (NiTi) são extremamente importantes na fabricação de dispositivos biomédicos, por combinarem as características peculiares dessas ligas metálicas como superelasticidade e efeito memória de forma. Em decorrência da alta concentração do Níquel nas ligas de NiTi, teoricamente é possível a dissolução do Níquel nos líquidos corpóreos em decorrência dos processos de corrosão, podendo ocasionar efeitos indesejados. Os fenômenos de biocompatibilidade e biotoxicidade do NiTi têm sido exaustivamente estudados, visando assim, minimizar os danos da utilização desses materiais. Em decorrência desses estudos, foi proposto neste trabalho de pesquisa a diminuição da concentração do metal Níquel nas ligas de NiTi e a sua substituição pelo metal Cobre, formando assim uma liga metálica de NiTiCu. Foram utilizadas técnicas eletroquímicas para observação da corrosão e as características encontradas em cada liga de NiTiCu com composição diferenciada e compará-las com as de NiTi para uma melhor abordagem do problema e identificação das semelhanças e diferenças percebidas entre as ligas estudadas, além de uma comparação superficial desse material com uso de técnicas de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura, Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura e Microdureza de Vicks. O comportamento eletroquímico das ligas de NiTi e NiTiCu, foram estudadas utilizando de técnicas eletroquímicas de Polarização Linear, Voltametria Cíclica e Impedância Eletroquímica, em dois meios corrosivos Solução de Hanks (sangue artificial) e Solução de Saliva Artificial que se assemelham bastante as condições corpóreas das áreas de utilização desses biomateriais, a uma temperatura ambiente de aproximadamente 25°C, para verificação da durabilidade das ligas metálicas. Observou-se que quanto maior a concentração de Cobre nas ligas de NiTiCu, menos resistente a corrosão esse material terá. Na caracterização superficial, verifica-se que as ligas contendo a menor concentração de Cobre, possuem características superficiais que se assemelham mais com as condições das ligas de NiTi que já são amplamente utilizadas em dispositivos biomédicos. Com a análise de todos os testes eletroquímicos e de caracterização superficial e estrutural das ligas metálicas de NiTiCu e NiTi, verifica-se que as ligas metálicas contendo NiTiCu com pequenos percentuais de Cobre próximo a 5%, possuem características semelhantes as de NiTi, favorecendo a possível utilização dessa liga ternária de NiTiCu para produção de biomateriais para medicina e odontologia, desde que haja estudos mais amplos e interdisciplinares para análises detalhadas referentes a biocompatibilidade, biotoxicidade e de desenvolvimento celular desta nova liga metálica. / The use of Nitinol alloys (NiTi) are extremely important in the manufacture of biomedical devices, for combining the unique characteristics of such alloys and superelasticity and shape memory effect. Due to the high concentration of nickel in alloys of NiTi, it is theoretically possible dissolution of nickel in body fluids as a result of corrosion processes, which may cause unwanted effects. The phenomena of biocompatibility and biotoxicity of NiTi have been thoroughly studied, thus aiming to minimize the damage from the use of these materials. As a result of these studies, it was proposed in this research work to decrease in metal concentration in nickel NiTi alloys and their replacement by copper metal, thereby forming an alloy NiTiCu. Electrochemical techniques were used to observe the corrosion and features found in each league NiTiCu with different composition and compare them with the NiTi for a better approach to the problem and identify the similarities and differences perceived between the studied alloys, as well as a comparison surface of the material with the use of scanning electron microscopy techniques, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Microhardness of Vicks. The electrochemical behavior of the alloys of NiTi and NiTiCu were studied using electrochemical techniques Linear Polarization, Cyclic Voltammetry and Electrochemical Impedance in two corrosive media Hanks solution (artificial blood) and Solution Saliva Artificial that closely resemble the bodily conditions areas of use of these biomaterials, at an ambient temperature of about 25 ° C to check the durability of metal alloy. It was observed that the higher the concentration of copper in the alloy NiTiCu less corrosion-resistant the material will have. In the superficial characterization, it appears that the alloys containing the lowest concentration of copper, have surface characteristics that are more similar to the conditions of NiTi alloys are widely utilized in biomedical devices. With the analysis of all electrochemical tests and superficial and structural characterization of metal alloys NiTiCu and NiTi, it is found that alloys containing NiTiCu with copper percentages small close to 5%, have similar characteristics of NiTi, favoring possible use of this ternary alloy NiTiCu for the production of biomaterials for medicine and dentistry, provided there is wider and interdisciplinary studies for detailed analysis regarding biocompatibility, biotoxicity and mobile development of this new alloy.

Main goal of this thesis is to analyze the environment of Czech and Slovak football in the area of spectators care. The theory part is focused on theories, which refer to this problem. These are: specifics of the football market, economics of football clubs, theory of marketing mix and fan definition. At the beginning of practice part, the thesis analyzes and compares attendance rate in top leagues of both countries. Next chapter deals with factors, which effect the attendance rate. Its goal is to demonstrate the dependence between attendance rate and achievements, rival attraction and weather. Marketing mix is being applied on football clubs in the next chapter. That means, how are individual football clubs in both countries using marketing mix components (price, place, product, promotion) in order to attract as many spectators as possible. In the last chapter, the thesis analyzes the results of survey, which took place among the representatives of individual clubs. In conclusion, situation in the area of spectators care in both countries is being compared and evaluated.

Submitted by Fernanda Rodrigues de Lima (fernanda.rlima@ufpe.br) on 2018-09-27T20:17:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Tarcila Tenório Luna da Silva.pdf: 8200158 bytes, checksum: 8cb4590deb12775b0cc56ff01b3a0dee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-11-19T21:03:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Tarcila Tenório Luna da Silva.pdf: 8200158 bytes, checksum: 8cb4590deb12775b0cc56ff01b3a0dee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-19T21:03:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Tarcila Tenório Luna da Silva.pdf: 8200158 bytes, checksum: 8cb4590deb12775b0cc56ff01b3a0dee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-22 / Este trabalho consiste no estudo de duas ligas de alumínio, AA2011 e AA2014, conhecidas por Duralumínio, fabricadas através da metalurgia do pó. Para tanto foram fabricadas diversas amostras com quantidades de Al-Cu distintas, são elas Al4%Cu, Al4,5%Cu, Al5%Cu, Al5,5%Cu e Al6%Cu. Os pós elementares utilizados foram o Alumínio AA1100 da marca Alcoa Inc., foi realizada a Espectrometria de Fluorescência de Raios-X deste que obteve como resultado uma pureza superior à 99%. O Cobre utilizado foi da marca Dinâmica Química Contemporânea Ltda. Primeiramente, as amostras foram processadas em um moinho de alta energia do tipo SPEX nos tempos de 0,5; 1 e 2 horas. Foram feitas Difrações de Raios-X destas amostras com intuito de investigar a presença de fases endurecedoras como a fase Al2Cu da liga. As amostras processadas por 2 horas e uma amostra de Al AA1100 foram compactadas uniaxialmente a frio em uma pressão hidráulica e então sinterizadas em um forno tipo mufla com atmosfera de nitrogênio (N2). Foram feitos testes de microdureza Vickers nestas amostras e identificado que o aumento da dureza é diretamente proporcional a quantidade de Cobre contida na amostra. A liga de Al6%Cu apresentou um aumento de dureza de 184,89% enquanto a amostra Al5%Cu apresentou 168,98%. Para completar a caracterização das ligas, análises de Microscopia Ótica, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura com Espectroscopia de Baixa Energia Dispersiva associada foram realizados. / This work studied two Aluminum’s alloys, AA2011 and AA2014, knew by Duralumin, manufactured by powder metallurgy techniques. For that, samples with different quantities of Al-Cu were manufactured, they are Al4%Cu, Al4,5%Cu, Al5%Cu, Al5,5%Cu e Al6%Cu. The raw powder used were the Aluminum AA1100 from Alcoa Inc., this work shows X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer of it which obtained a purity superior of 99% as result. A Dinâmica Química Contemporânea Ltda Cooper powder as used. First, the samples were processed in a SPEX shaker mills for 0.5; 1 e 2 hours. X-Ray diffraction of these samples was done with the purpose of investigation of hardening phases such as the compound Al2Cu. The samples processed for 2 hours and a sample of Al AA1100 were one-axial cold pressed in a hydraulic press machine, so sintered in a Muffle type furnace under nitrogen (N2) atmosphere. Micro Vickers hardness tests in theses samples were procedures and identified that the hardness increase is directly proportional with Copper quantities in the sample. Al6%Cu sintered alloy showed a hardness increase of 184.89% while Al5%Cu sintered alloy showed 168.98%. For the alloy’s complete characterization, analyses of Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) plus Low Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) associate were realized.

Essential genes are involved in control of the basic metabolism of their host. These genes encode elements involved is such crucial processes as DNA replication, transcription, translation or biosynthesis of important molecules. What makes essential genes unique is the fact that they cannot be lost from the genome. If any of them becomes inactivated it would result in inevitable death of an organism. Because of their role they can be efficiently used to control the survival of genetically modified organisms. Specific regulatory mechanisms can be applied to modulate the activity of essential genes, which prevents an organism from growing at determined conditions. Such mechanisms are called “kill switches” and have been developed in recent years as a response to significant development in the field of molecular biology. Proteins encoded by psychrophilic organisms are characterized by decreased resistance to thermal denaturation. This is believed to be a result of adaptation to low-temperature environment, where mutations that destabilize the protein structure are not selected against. For these reasons they often cannot perform their functions at moderate temperatures, which are typical for mesophilic organisms. At the same time psychrophilic proteins do not display any inhibition at permissive conditions. Use of psychrophilic alleles of essential genes has been proposed as a method of rendering modified organisms incapable of surviving at elevated temperatures. This allows generation of attenuated strains of pathogenic bacteria or generally safe versions of laboratory organisms. A temperature-sensitive organism can be created by substituting a single essential gene in mesophilic organism with its psychrophilic homologue. This can be facilitated by using the host’s native recombination system or through the use of plasmid based allele shuffling mechanisms. The objective of this work was to analyze a number of psychrophilic alleles of various essential genes for their ability to cause temperature-sensitive phenotype in mesophilic bacterium Francisella novicida. The special attention has been placed on investigating psychrophilic alleles of bacterial DNA ligase. Furthermore a selected psychrophilic strain has been characterized as a potential source of multiple temperature-sensitive alleles of essential genes. Finally the secondary focus was to develop a simple and robust mechanism allowing efficient exchange of alleles of essential genes in the mesophilic host. / Graduate

Širdies ir kraujagyslių ligos – didėjanti ne tik suaugusiųjų, bet ir vaikų sveikatos problema visame pasaulyje, turinti įtakos ne tik ja sergančiam asmeniui, bet ir jo aplinkos žmonėms. Vaiko širdies ir kraujagyslių liga neigiamai veikia tėvų sveikatą ir gyvenimo kokybę, kuri iki šiol Lietuvoje nebuvo tirta. Darbo tikslas: įvertinti tėvų, kurių vaikai serga širdies ir kraujagyslių ligomis, kai kuriuos gyvenimo kokybės aspektus. Uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti tėvų, kurių vaikai serga širdies ir kraujagyslių ligomis, subjektyvią sveikatos būklę. 2. Įvertinti kai kuriuos tėvų, auginančių širdies ir kraujagyslių ligomis sergančius vaikus, gyvenimo kokybės aspektus. 3. Nustatyti tėvų, kurių vaikai serga širdies ir kraujagyslių ligomis, sveikatos būklės bei subjektyvaus gyvenimo kokybės vertinimo sąsajas. Metodika: 2009 m. kovo–gruodžio mėn. pagal specialiai šiam tyrimui parengtą anoniminę anketą interviu metodu apklausti 206 tėvai, gulėję VšĮ VUL Santariškių klinikų II širdies chirurgijos skyriuje su vaikais, sergančiais širdies ir kraujagyslių ligomis. Rezultatai: 45,15 % tėvų savo sveikatą vertina gerai. Moterų, įvertinusių savo sveikatą labai gerai, buvo 9,56 %, o vyrų – 20,00 %. Subjektyvus sveikatos būklės vertinimas reikšmingai skiriasi priklausomai nuo respondentų išsilavinimo ir lyties. Didžioji dalis apklaustųjų (57,28 %) mano, kad vaiko širdies ir kraujagyslių liga turi šiek tiek neigiamos įtakos jų sveikatai. 41,75 % respondentų mano, kad vaikui susirgus jų sveikatos būklė... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Heart and blood-vessel diseases – it is a problem of health of children and adults in all worlds which more and more grows up having not just a problem that person who has that heart and blood-vessel diseases, however it has a huge influence for people who are closed to this person. Child heart and blood-vessel disease are factors for health and quality of life of parents and it is not investigated yet. Aim of the study: to evaluate some aspects of quality of life of parents whose children have heart and blood-vessel diseases. Tasks of the study: 1. To evaluate the subjective condition of health of parents, whose children have heart and blood-vessel diseases. 2. To evaluate some aspects of life quality of parents, whose children have heart and blood-vessel diseases. 3. To identify links between the condition of health and the subjective evaluation of quality of life of parents, whose children have heart and blood-vessel diseases. Methods of the study: in March - December months in 2009 years were asked 206 parents according the anonymous questionnaire, the method of interview. These parents with children who have diseases of heart and blood-vessel were in-patient VšĮ VUL II heart surgery department in Santariškės clinic. An analysis of data was conducted using package of statistic SPSS 16.0 and programmer of Microsoft Excel. Results of the study: The most of parents (45,15 %) value their condition of health well. Women who their condition of health very well were 9,56 %, men... [to full text]

No description available.

This thesis is focused on comparing successful implementation of selected basic offensive actions selected ten players Synot league with a success rate of ten selected football players is world class. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes the individual game activities and their implementation. It is described here briefly our highest football competition - Synot League. In the practical part interprets the results of observation and comparison of players in designated pairs, with each brief summary of its successful execution of individual gaming activities.