Previous research suggests that gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate use of sex-linked linguistic markers alters subjects' perceptions of the speaker. The present study examined the effects of male and female speech styles on clients' perceptions,. Undergraduates (N = 160) listened to audiotapes of clinical psychologists introducing the same client to psychotherapy. Clinician gender and sex-linked linguistic markers were manipulated. The results suggested that sex-stereotypes of males, females, and occupations played an important role in altering clients' perceptions of clinical psychologists. Sex-stereotypes did not, however, determine the desirability of the speaker as a therapist. The use of female speech styles increased the clinician's perceived femininity and desirability as a therapist.

Facial and head movements have important linguistic roles in American Sign Language (ASL) and other sign languages and can often significantly alter the meaning or interpretation of what is being communicated. Technologies that enable accurate recognition of ASL linguistic markers could be a step toward greater independence and empowerment for the Deaf community. This study involved gathering over 2,000 photographs of five hearing subjects, five Deaf subjects, and five Child of Deaf Adults (CODA) subjects. Each subject produced the six universal emotional facial expressions: sad, happy, surprise, anger, fear, and disgust. In addition, each Deaf and CODA subject produced six different ASL linguistic facial expressions. A representative set of 750 photos was submitted to six different emotional facial expression recognition services, and the results were processed and compared across different facial expressions and subject groups (hearing, Deaf, CODA). Key observations from these results are presented. First, poor face detection rates are observed for Deaf subjects as compared to hearing and CODA subjects. Second, emotional facial expression recognition appears to be more accurate for Deaf and CODA subjects than for hearing subjects. Third, ASL linguistic markers, which are distinct from emotional expressions, are often misinterpreted as negative emotions by existing technologies. Possible implications of this misinterpretation are discussed, such as the problems that could arise for the Deaf community with increasing surveillance and use of automated facial analysis tools. Finally, an inclusive approach is suggested for incorporating ASL linguistic markers into existing facial expression recognition tools. Several considerations are given for constructing an unbiased database of the various ASL linguistic markers, including the types of subjects that should be photographed and the importance of including native ASL signers in the photo selection and classification process. / 2019-06-30T00:00:00Z

The aim of this study is to offer a new perspective on both interpersonal communication andcomputer-mediated communication (CMC), by means of conducting a pragma-linguisticanalysis and comparison of a semi-threaded discussion forum and a fully threaded discussionforum; analysing features such as linguistic markers, dialogic listening, politeness, cooperation,elaborate or laconic greetings, farewell expressions and other conversational rituals. Aqualitative study was conducted, employing two methods of gathering data: (a) participantobservation and (b) document and material analysis. The major question for discussion in thisstudy is whether there are any differences with respect to linguistic and non-linguistic featuresbetween the semi-threaded and fully threaded forums? The study concludes that there aredifferences in linguistic and non-linguistic features between semi-threaded and fully threadedforums, but these differences are minimal and can more likely be attributed to the forum subjectmatter and social context than to the forum structure itself.

In order to make informed decisions, we need to resort to various types of information and we need to know how uncertain this information is. A commonly used source for information and subsequent action is weather forecasts. The communication of uncertainty in weather forecasts has been widely studied for English speaking audiences, resulting in a number of guidelines that practitioners can follow. For forecasts aimed at Russian speaking audiences there are very few, if no, such studies. The aim of this study is to extend previous research on the communication of uncertainties in weather forecasts to the Russian-speaking domain. The underlying hypothesis for this study is that it should be possible to distinguish texts from different types of forecasts, with different inherent uncertainty, by analysing the linguistic uncertainty markers in the text-based section of these forecasts. If this is not the case, this could in a first step be solved by applying the recommendations in the available guidelines, in a second step the guidelines themselves might need to be extended to meet the needs of the practitioners. To test the hypothesis, I analyse the expressed linguistic uncertainty in two different sources of meteorological information: weather forecasts and seasonal outlooks. The analysis shows that the original hypothesis can be confirmed: the differences between these two sources of information can be detected by analysing linguistic uncertainty markers. Further, the recommendations from the guidelines were met to a large extent, but both type of forecasts, in particular the seasonal outlooks, would benefit from a more consolidated approach. The analysis also shows that these guidelines could be improved by placing an increased emphasis on text-based forecasts, highlighting which linguistic means should be used for what purpose. The guidelines could be extended with language-specific best-practise examples. This way the guidelines would cater for a much larger user-base than they do at present.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2015-11-24T21:51:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 A identidade de meninos e sua relação com a variação linguistica de P4 e o sucesso escolar.pdf: 2087878 bytes, checksum: 8b848f91bf625254dce446adcdce37b9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2015-11-25T16:05:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 A identidade de meninos e sua relação com a variação linguistica de P4 e o sucesso escolar.pdf: 2087878 bytes, checksum: 8b848f91bf625254dce446adcdce37b9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-25T16:06:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 A identidade de meninos e sua relação com a variação linguistica de P4 e o sucesso escolar.pdf: 2087878 bytes, checksum: 8b848f91bf625254dce446adcdce37b9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-19 / Sem bolsa / Examina-se criticamente o desempenho escolar de adolescentes ocorridos num espaço cronológico predefinido. A pesquisa serviu-se de indivíduos de ambos os gêneros, oriundos de todas as séries do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública da periferia de Pelotas-RS. Detectou-se que a aprovação, reprovação, transferências e evasão escolar podem estar relacionadas ao uso de marcadores linguísticos entre os gêneros, determinados pela linguagem, cultura e identidade. Estes são fatores sociolinguísticos apontados como possíveis causas de que o desempenho escolar de meninos seja pior do que o de meninas. O procedimento metodológico utilizado foi o método quantitativo correlacionado com os estudos sociolinguísticos labovianos. Os dados foram colhidos através de um Banco de Dados de Demografia Escolar – BDDE e por um estudo complementar da língua escrita, baseado em redações de alunos em sala de aula. A análise tomou como parâmetro as contribuições de especialistas sociolinguistas, como Labov (2008), entre outros. Os principais resultados auferidos destacam que a escola desenvolve um modelo pedagógico que privilegia uma língua padrão que favorece o gênero feminino, isto está demonstrado pelo baixo desempenho escolar dos adolescentes do gênero masculino; as meninas têm melhor índice de desempenho escolar na faixa etária entre dez e onze anos e os meninos pré-adolescentes nesta mesma faixa etária têm seu desempenho escolar prejudicado, porque não se adaptam ao ambiente escolar; a linguagem, cultura e identidade, podem influenciar nas altas taxas de reprovação; os meninos e pré adolescentes perdem o interesse pelo estudo, têm dificuldade de acompanhar os conteúdos do currículo escolar, têm baixa estima. / It examines critically the academic performance of teenagers occurred in a predefined chronological space. Research poured individuals of both genders, coming from all elementary school grades of a public school in the outskirts of Pelotas-RS. Detector if that approval, disapproval, transfers and truancy can is related to the use of linguistic markers between genders, determined by language, culture and identity. These are sociolinguistic factors mentioned as possible causes that academic performance of boys is worse than that of girls. The methodological procedure used was the quantitative method correlated with the studies sociolinguistic Labovianos. Data were collected through a School Demographics Database - BDDE and a complementary study of the written language, based on essays of students in the classroom. The analysis took as a parameter the contributions of Sociolinguists experts, as Labov (2008), among others. The main earned results highlight that the school develops an educational model that favors a standard language that favors females, this is demonstrated by the low academic performance of male adolescents; girls have better school performance index in the age group between ten and eleven and pre-teen boys in this age group have their poor school performance, why not adapt to the school environment; language, culture and identity, can influence the high failure rates; boys and pre teens lose interest in the study, have difficulty in following the school curriculum content, have low esteem.

Объектом исследования явились эссе студентов – участников арт-терапевтических тренингов. Предметом исследования стали лингвистические маркеры рефлексии студентов - участников арт-терапевтических тренингов. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, списка литературы (89 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 112 страниц, на которых размещены 3 рисунка и 19 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также задачи проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор теоретических подходов к изучению рефлексии как показателя психологического здоровья. Представлены разделы, посвященные понятию психологического здоровья, феномена рефлексии в психологии, описана роль рефлексии студентов колледжа в образовательном процессе. Вторая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме арт-терапии как метода активизации рефлексивных процессов. Представлены разделы, посвященные общим понятиям об арт-терапии, арт-терапевтическому психологическому тренингу и лингвистическим маркерам рефлексии в обратных связях участников такого тренинга. Выводы по первым двум главам представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Третья глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: методика определения уровня рефлексивности личности А. В. Карпова, дифференциальный тест рефлексивности Д. А. Леонтьева. Также в главе представлены корреляционный и однофакторный дисперсионный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 3 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the study was the essay of students - participants in art-therapeutic training. The subject of the study were linguistic markers of reflection of students participating in art-therapeutic trainings. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (89 sources) and an appendix, which includes the forms of the applied methodologies. The volume of the master`s thesis is 112 pages, which include 3 figures and 19 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problematics, the goal and objectives of the research are set, the object and the subject of research are determined, the basic and additional hypotheses are formulated, the methods and the empirical base are stated, as well as the tasks of conducting the research, the scientific novelty, the theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of theoretical approaches to the study of reflection as an indicator of psychological health. The sections devoted to the concept of psychological health, the phenomenon of reflection in psychology are presented, the role of the reflection of college students in the educational process is described. The second chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of art therapy as a method of activating reflexive processes. The sections on general concepts of art therapy, art-therapeutic psychological training and linguistic markers of reflection in the feedbacks of participants in such training are presented. Conclusions on the first two chapters are the results of the study of theoretical material. The conclusions of Chapter 3 include the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, are presented in a generalized form, the practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of this problem are described.

Cette thèse se situe dans le domaine du Traitement Automatique des Langues et vise à optimiser la classification des documents dans les moteurs de recherche. Les travaux se concentrent sur le développement d’un outil de détection automatique des thèmes des documents (ATDS-fr). Utilisant peu de connaissances, la méthode hybride adoptée allie des techniques statistiques de segmentation thématique à des méthodes linguistiques identifiant des marqueurs de cohésion. Parmi eux, les chaînes de référence – séquence d’expressions référentielles se rapportant à la même entité du discours (e.g. Paul…il…cet homme) – ont fait l’objet d’une attention particulière, car elles constituent un indice textuel important dans la détection des thèmes (i.e. ce sont des marqueurs d’introduction, de maintien et de changement thématique). Ainsi, à partir d’une étude des chaînes de référence menée dans un corpus issu de genres textuels variés (analyses politiques, rapports publics, lois européennes,éditoriaux, roman), nous avons développé un module d’identification automatique des chaînes de référence RefGen qui a été évalué suivant les métriques actuelles de la coréférence. / This thesis in the field of Natural Language Processing aims at optimizing documents classification in search engines. This work focuses on the development of a tool that automatically detects documents topics (ATDS-fr). Using poor knowledge, the hybrid method combines statistical techniques for topic segmentation and linguistic methods that identify cohesive markers. Among them, reference chains - sequences of referential expressions referring to the same entity (e.g. Paul ... he ... this man) - have been given special attention as they are important topic markers (i.e. they are markers of topic introduction, maintenance and change). Thus, from a study of reference chains extracted from a corpus composed of various textual genres (newspapers, public reports, European laws, editorials and novel) we developed RefGen, an automatic reference chains identification module, which was evaluated according to current coreference metrics.