Ph. D.--Ethnol.--Köln--Universität, 1993. / Index. Bibliogr. p. 361-378.

In his works such as Andre’s Mother; Lips Together, Teeth Apart; and Love! Valour! Compassion!, playwright Terrence McNally utilizes categorically gay themes such as homophobia and living with HIV and AIDS in a time when little was understood about the illnesses. For these reasons, McNally critics customarily analyze McNally’s plays with a queer theory lens. This work examines those same topics and others, but with a critical disability lens. Inspired by Robert McRuer’s analytical partnership of queer, AIDS, and disabilities studies, this work assesses McNally’s use of various types of languages and finds the figures who are characteristically presented as the contrast to normalcy are in fact normalized and hegemonized.

December 2011. A thesis submitted to the College of Dental Medicine of Nova Southeastern University of the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry. Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the influence of anteroposterior lip position on male and female facial profile attractiveness rankings among three groups of judges (orthodontists, general dentists, lay people) and to determine if these rankings might be influenced by demographic variables such as race, gender, and profession. Methods: Two serial sets of digitally constructed male and female profile images were employed to assess the rank order of preference in profile attractiveness as a function of anteroposterior lip position. A defined image area of the composite profiles, including superior and inferior lips, was "morphed" to produce a "base-line" image defined according to Ricketts esthetic ideal with the lower lip 2mm posterior to the E-plane. The area of the lips were "morphed" in 1mm increments from the "base line" image, six increments anteriorly and six increments posteriorly resulting in a total of thirteen images for both the male and female. The images were then segregated into two sets of 7 for both the male and female. Each set included the base-line image plus 3 images morphed anterior and 3 images morphed posterior relative to the base line image. The Set 1 images were morphed in 1 mm increments, and the Set 2 images were morphed in 2mm increments. Utilizing an online survey, three-hundred and forty-eight adult judges (116 orthodontists, 126 dentists and 106 laypeople) were asked to sort and then rank order the seven images in each set from most attractive to least attractive profile appearance. Results: Relative to the historical norms of the lower lip positioned 2mm posterior to the E-plane, for male profile preference, a more concave profile was most preferred in Set 1 by orthodontists and general dentists while a more convex was preferred by lay people. A more convex profile was preferred in Set 2 by all groups of judges. For female profile preference, the opposite was found, as a slightly convex profile was preferred in Set 1, while a more concave profile was preferred in Set 2 by all groups of judges. Conclusion: Preference for facial profile attractiveness can be significantly influenced by the anteroposterior lip position, and that while orthodontists, general dentists, and lay people were shown to be in general agreement in their profile preferences, there was considerable variability in their esthetic preference between male and female images and across morphs.

Ce travail a été réalisé dans le but de sonder des surfaces solides en utilisant la technique « LIPS » (Spectroscopie de plasmas induits par laser). Le comportement de ce type de plasmas est difficile à simuler étant donné la petitesse des échelles de temps et d'espace considérées. En plus du diagnostic classique de spectroscopie d'émission, nous avons mis en oeuvre une expérience originale d'absorption qui produit des valeurs fiables et de nombreuses informations sur la température et les densités constitutives du plasma. Cette étude, qui couple expérience et théorie dans le cadre de la résolution de l'équation de transfert radiatif, est basée sur la comparaison entre des spectres calculés et expérimentaux des raies à 308.21 et 396.15 nm de l'aluminium. Une attention spéciale a été portée à l'écriture de l'élargissement électronique et ionique par effet Stark et aux effets d'auto-absorption. Un écart important à l'équilibre a été mis en évidence tout au long de la relaxation du plasma. La mesure de la densité de l'état fondamental de l'aluminium, qui est de première importance pour valider un code collisionnel - radiatif consacré à cette situation complexe, a été menée à bien dans une large gamme de pression (5 à 1E5 Pa). La mesure des constantes de temps de relaxation met en évidence le rôle majeur joué par la diffusion dans la relaxation des espèces du plasma.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafaela Schmidt.pdf: 880257 bytes, checksum: f87b7bb81792a173904d6f621931b61a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introduction: nasal breathing is an essential function to assure a balanced growth and development of the orofacial muscles. Aim: to characterize the posture, tone and mobility of lips and tongue of mouth breathing children. Methods: the subjects of this study were 40 mouth breathing children, 26 boys and 14 girls. All subjects were submitted to an evaluation of posture, tone and mobility of the lips and tongue, using the MBGR protocol. Results: for the lips posture variable, it has been observed that: 32.5% of the subjects had a semi-open lip posture, 27.5% alternate between open and closed lips, 22.5% had an open lip posture and just 17.5% maintained their lips closed. With regards to the upper lip tone: 90% presented normal muscle tone, 10% lower tone, and no subjects presented a higher muscle tone. As for the tone of the lower lip 80.0% of the children presented lower muscle tone, and 20.0% normal muscle tone. For the lips mobility variable 47.5% of the group presented normal score values and 50.0% scored close to normality. Regarding tongue posture, 57.5% of the children had a low-lying resting tongue posture, 32.5% did not allow for observation of this variable, and in 10.0% of the subjects the tongue was placed in an interdental resting posture. As for tongue muscle tone 52.5% presented lowered tone, and 47.5% were considered normal. When assessing tongue mobility, 55.0% of the children obtained the best results and 45.0% had score values very close to the best. Conclusion: according to the results for the majority of the assessed mouth breathing children, the following characteristics were found regarding the lips: semi-opened posture, upper lip with normal tone, lower lip with lowered tonicity and normal mobility. The following results were found regarding the tongue: low-lying resting posture, with lowered muscle tone and normal mobility / Introdução: a respiração nasal é uma função essencial para o crescimento e desenvolvimento equilibrado da musculatura orofacial. Objetivo: caracterizar a postura, tônus e mobilidade de lábios e língua em crianças respiradoras orais. Método: participaram do estudo 40 crianças respiradoras orais, 26 do sexo masculino e 14 do feminino. Todos foram avaliados quanto à postura, o tônus e a mobilidade de lábios e língua, utilizando-se o protocolo MBGR. Resultados: para a variável postura de lábios encontrou-se: 32.5% de lábios entreabertos, 27,5% alternaram abertos e fechados, 22,5% apresentaram lábios abertos e apenas 17,5% com lábios fechados. Em relação ao tônus do lábio superior: 90% apresentaram tônus normal, 10% diminuído e nenhuma com tônus aumentado. No que se refere ao tônus de lábio inferior 80,0% das crianças apresentam tônus diminuído e 20,0% normal. No item mobilidade de lábios 47,5% do grupo apresentou valores de escores considerados normais e 50,0% valores próximos a normalidade. Em relação à postura de língua 57,5% das crianças permanecia com a língua no assoalho, 32,5% não foi possível observar e em 10,0% a língua estava em posição interdental. Quanto ao tônus de língua 52,5% apresentaram tônus diminuído e 47,5% normal. Na avaliação de mobilidade de língua 55,0% das crianças tiveram o melhor resultado e 45,0% obtiveram valores de escores bem próximos ao melhor. Conclusão: de acordo com resultados para a maioria do grupo de crianças respiradoras orais avaliadas foram encontradas as seguintes características em relação aos lábios: postura entreaberta, lábio superior com tônus normal, lábio inferior com tônus diminuído e mobilidade normal. Em relação à língua: a postura foi no assoalho, com tônus diminuído e mobilidade normal

La géologie de l'Equateur se distingue de celle du reste des Cordillères andines par la présence de terrains océaniques qui s'accrètent successivement à la marge depuis la fin du Crétacé jusqu'au Paléocène. Ces terrains exotiques sont constitués de fragments de deux plateaux océaniques du Crétacé inférieur (123 Ma) et supérieur (90 Ma) et de plusieurs arcs insulaires (100 à 40 Ma). Dans la Cordillère occidentale, le plateau crétacé inférieur et les terrains océaniques du crétacé supérieur (plateau et arcs insulaires) s'accrètent respectivement à 85-80 Ma et 70-65 Ma. Le plateau océanique daté à 123 Ma est constitué: (i) de cumulats basiques et ultrabasiques (série de San Juan) et (ii) de basaltes en coussins et de dolérites massives recoupés par des petites intrusions de gabbro sub-doléritique. Les cumulats forment une série continue depuis des dunites et wehrlites jusqu'à des gabbros à clinopyroxène. Basaltes, dolérites et gabbros présentent tous les caractères de basalte de plateau océanique (OPB; MgO = 7%; spectres de terres rares plats, pas d'anomalie négative en Nb et Ta). Les compositions isotopiques (Nd et Pb) des cumulats et de l'ensemble basalte-dolérite sont identiques et démontrent que toutes ces roches dérivent d' une source mantellique enrichie. Les picrites et les basaltes enrichis ou non en MgO, associés à des dolérites et des gabbros, représentent des témoins accrétés du plateau océanique crétacé supérieur caraïbe. Les picrites (MgO -20 %) sont appauvries en terres rares légères, peu radiogéniques en Pb et caractérisées par des eNd élevés (+8 à +10). Les basaltes riches en MgO (9-10%) sont enrichis en terres rares légères. La géochimie en éléments traces des basaltes pauvres en MgO est identique à celle d'OPB. Par contre, les rapports isotopiques du Pb des basaltes, riches en MgO ou non, sont très élevés indiquant que toutes ces laves dérivent d'une source enrichie de type HIMU, caractère commun à tous les basaltes du plateau caraïbe .

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der Methode der Laserinduzierten Plasmaspektroskopie (LIPS) zur Bestimmung des Aufmischungsgrades ([Eta]) in durch Laserstrahl-Präzisionsauftragschweißen (LAP) hergestellten Beschichtungen. Grund- und Zusatzwerkstoff müssen sich hierbei in ihrer Elementzusammensetzung voneinander unterscheiden. Als Substratmaterial diente unlegierter Baustahl, als Zusatzwerkstoff wurde Stellit 21 eingesetzt. [Eta] stellt eine wichtige Qualitätskenngröße dar und kann nach vorheriger Kalibrierung des LIPS-Messsystems sowohl offline als auch online detektiert werden. Der Aufmischungsgrad korreliert mit dem detektierten Emissionslinienverhältnis. Im untersuchten Fall besteht in guter Näherung ein linearer Zusammenhang zwischen beiden Größen. Die Vorteile von LIPS gegenüber anderen Verfahren liegen insbesondere in der berührungslosen Analyse und der entfallenden Probenpräparation. Prinzipiell lässt sich das Vorgehen auf andere Werkstoffsysteme übertragen. Das verwendete LISP-Messsystem kann in den Fertigungsprozess integriert werden und steht als Technologiemodul für eine qualifizierte Überwachung des Aufmischungsgrades beim LAP-Prozess zur Verfügung.

This document presents a series of elements for approaching the task of segmenting mouth structures in facial images, particularly focused in frames from video sequences. Each stage is treated separately in different Chapters, starting from image pre-processing and going up to segmentation labeling post-processing, discussing the technique selection and development in every case. The methodological approach suggests the use of a color based pixel classification strategy as the basis of the mouth structure segmentation scheme, complemented by a smart pre-processing and a later label refinement. The main contribution of this work, along with the segmentation methodology itself, is based in the development of a color-independent label refinement technique. The technique, which is similar to a linear low pass filter in the segmentation labeling space followed by a nonlinear selection operation, improves the image labeling iteratively by filling small gaps and eliminating spurious regions resulting from a prior pixel classification stage. Results presented in this document suggest that the refiner is complementary to image pre-processing, hence achieving a cumulative effect in segmentation quality. At the end, the segmentation methodology comprised by input color transformation, preprocessing, pixel classification and label refinement, is put to test in the case of mouth gesture detection in images aimed to command three degrees of freedom of an endoscope holder.

Introdução: As fissuras de lábio e/ou palato (FL/P) são malformações congênitas comuns na espécie humana, apresentando prevalência de 1/700 recém nascidos vivos, variando de acordo com os diferentes grupos étnicos e fatores sócio-econômicos. As FL/P apresentam padrão complexo de herança, estando envolvidos fatores genéticos e ambientais. Entre os fatores ambientais deficiências de vitaminas já foram descritas, e diversos estudos sugerem que o uso de ácido fólico periconcepcional pode prevenir a recorrência das fissuras orais. Objetivos: Estudar características bioquímicas e polimorfismos em genes da rota metabólica do folato em FL/P não sindrômicas (NS). Métodos: Foram incluídas 140 mulheres (113 mães não afetadas de crianças com fissuras e 27 mulheres afetadas). Todas as mulheres realizaram dosagens bioquímicas (B12, folato sérico e eritrocitário, hematócrito, hemoglobina e homocisteína). Foi realizada extração de DNA destas mulheres e seus familiares, assim como de trios adicionais (mãe, pai e filho) num total de 428 indivíduos de 231 famílias. 28 polimorfismos de 14 genes da rota metabólica de folato foram genotipados usando TaqMan (Applied Biosystems) ou reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). Resultados: Não foi encontrada associação entre os dados bioquímicos nos dois grupos de mulheres (afetadas e não afetadas). O teste de desequilíbrio de transmissão (TDT) revelou significância para os seguintes polimorfismos nos genes BHMTrs651852 (p=0.04), MTRRrs1532268 (p=0.04) e NNMTrs694539 (p=0.03). A interação gene-gene demonstrou significância entre MTRRrs1532268 versus MTRrs10925235 (p=0.03), MTRRrs1532268 versus MTRRrs1801394 (p=0.003), MTRRrs1532268 versus NNMTrs2852447 (p=0.008), NNMTrs694539 versus DHFRrs1643638 (p=<0.0001), NNMTrs694539 versus SHMT1rs921986 (p=0.0001), NNMTrs694539 versus SHMT1rs2168781 (p=0.03). Conclusão: Polimorfismos em genes envolvendo o metabolismo do ácido fólico podem contribuir para a ocorrência de FL/P. Os genes BHMT, MTRR e NNMT mostraram associação com FL/P. Este estudo foi o primeiro a encontrar associação entre o gene NNMT e fissuras orais. Estes achados, portando, devem ser confirmados por estudos adicionais. Estes dados são importantes para o entendimento dos fatores que predispõem às FL/P, e para ser realizada de maneira mais adequada e individualizada a prevenção desta anomalia congênita com ácido fólico. / Introduction: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are common congenital anomalies with prevalence of 1/700 live births affecting different ethnic groups and social economic status. CL/P has a complex inheritance involving environmental and genetic factors. Among the environmental factors, deficiency of vitamins were reported and several studies have suggested that the use of periconcepcional folic acid might prevent oral clefts. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the biochemical and polymorphisms in genes of the folic acid pathway in non-syndromic CL/P. Methods: 140 women were included, (113) unaffected mothers with CL/P children and 27 affected women. In all women a biochemical measurement (B12, serum folate and eritrocyte, hematocrit, hemoglobin and homocysteine) was performed. We also had DNA extraction of these women and their families, as well as additional trio of (mother, father and son) in a total of 428 individuals of 231 unrelated families. 28 polymorphisms of 14 genes of the folate pathway were genotyped using the TaqMan (Applied Biosystem) or Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: Among the biochemical data in the two groups of women (affected and unaffected with cleft lip children) no association was found. The transmission desequilibrium test (TDT) has showed significance for the following polymorphisms in the genes such as BHMTrs651852 (p=0.04), MTRRrs1532268 (p=0.04) and NNMTrs694539 (p=0.03). The gene-gene interaction has showed significance between MTRRrs1532268 versus MTRrs10925235 (p=0.03), MTRRrs1532268 versus NNMTrs2852447 (p=0.008), NNMTrs694539 versus DHFRrs1643638 (p=<0.0001), NNMTrs694539 versus SHMT1rs921986 (p=0.0001), NNMTrs694539 versus SHMT1rs2168781 (p=0.03). Conclusion: Polymorphisms in genes involving the folic acid metabolism might contribute to the occurrence of CL/P. The genes BHMT, MTRR and NNMT have showed association with CL/P. This was the first study to find association between the NNMT and oral clefts. Thus, additional studies are important to these results. These data are important to understand the causes of CL/P as well as to prevent this congenital anomaly with folic acid.

Introdução: As fissuras de lábio e/ou palato (FL/P) são malformações congênitas comuns na espécie humana, apresentando prevalência de 1/700 recém nascidos vivos, variando de acordo com os diferentes grupos étnicos e fatores sócio-econômicos. As FL/P apresentam padrão complexo de herança, estando envolvidos fatores genéticos e ambientais. Entre os fatores ambientais deficiências de vitaminas já foram descritas, e diversos estudos sugerem que o uso de ácido fólico periconcepcional pode prevenir a recorrência das fissuras orais. Objetivos: Estudar características bioquímicas e polimorfismos em genes da rota metabólica do folato em FL/P não sindrômicas (NS). Métodos: Foram incluídas 140 mulheres (113 mães não afetadas de crianças com fissuras e 27 mulheres afetadas). Todas as mulheres realizaram dosagens bioquímicas (B12, folato sérico e eritrocitário, hematócrito, hemoglobina e homocisteína). Foi realizada extração de DNA destas mulheres e seus familiares, assim como de trios adicionais (mãe, pai e filho) num total de 428 indivíduos de 231 famílias. 28 polimorfismos de 14 genes da rota metabólica de folato foram genotipados usando TaqMan (Applied Biosystems) ou reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). Resultados: Não foi encontrada associação entre os dados bioquímicos nos dois grupos de mulheres (afetadas e não afetadas). O teste de desequilíbrio de transmissão (TDT) revelou significância para os seguintes polimorfismos nos genes BHMTrs651852 (p=0.04), MTRRrs1532268 (p=0.04) e NNMTrs694539 (p=0.03). A interação gene-gene demonstrou significância entre MTRRrs1532268 versus MTRrs10925235 (p=0.03), MTRRrs1532268 versus MTRRrs1801394 (p=0.003), MTRRrs1532268 versus NNMTrs2852447 (p=0.008), NNMTrs694539 versus DHFRrs1643638 (p=<0.0001), NNMTrs694539 versus SHMT1rs921986 (p=0.0001), NNMTrs694539 versus SHMT1rs2168781 (p=0.03). Conclusão: Polimorfismos em genes envolvendo o metabolismo do ácido fólico podem contribuir para a ocorrência de FL/P. Os genes BHMT, MTRR e NNMT mostraram associação com FL/P. Este estudo foi o primeiro a encontrar associação entre o gene NNMT e fissuras orais. Estes achados, portando, devem ser confirmados por estudos adicionais. Estes dados são importantes para o entendimento dos fatores que predispõem às FL/P, e para ser realizada de maneira mais adequada e individualizada a prevenção desta anomalia congênita com ácido fólico. / Introduction: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are common congenital anomalies with prevalence of 1/700 live births affecting different ethnic groups and social economic status. CL/P has a complex inheritance involving environmental and genetic factors. Among the environmental factors, deficiency of vitamins were reported and several studies have suggested that the use of periconcepcional folic acid might prevent oral clefts. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the biochemical and polymorphisms in genes of the folic acid pathway in non-syndromic CL/P. Methods: 140 women were included, (113) unaffected mothers with CL/P children and 27 affected women. In all women a biochemical measurement (B12, serum folate and eritrocyte, hematocrit, hemoglobin and homocysteine) was performed. We also had DNA extraction of these women and their families, as well as additional trio of (mother, father and son) in a total of 428 individuals of 231 unrelated families. 28 polymorphisms of 14 genes of the folate pathway were genotyped using the TaqMan (Applied Biosystem) or Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: Among the biochemical data in the two groups of women (affected and unaffected with cleft lip children) no association was found. The transmission desequilibrium test (TDT) has showed significance for the following polymorphisms in the genes such as BHMTrs651852 (p=0.04), MTRRrs1532268 (p=0.04) and NNMTrs694539 (p=0.03). The gene-gene interaction has showed significance between MTRRrs1532268 versus MTRrs10925235 (p=0.03), MTRRrs1532268 versus NNMTrs2852447 (p=0.008), NNMTrs694539 versus DHFRrs1643638 (p=<0.0001), NNMTrs694539 versus SHMT1rs921986 (p=0.0001), NNMTrs694539 versus SHMT1rs2168781 (p=0.03). Conclusion: Polymorphisms in genes involving the folic acid metabolism might contribute to the occurrence of CL/P. The genes BHMT, MTRR and NNMT have showed association with CL/P. This was the first study to find association between the NNMT and oral clefts. Thus, additional studies are important to these results. These data are important to understand the causes of CL/P as well as to prevent this congenital anomaly with folic acid.