Tsang Wing Yee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-93). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Preliminaries --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Constraint Satisfaction Problems --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- Dataflow Networks --- p.5 / Chapter 2.3 --- The Lucid Programming Language --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Daton Domain --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Constants --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Variables --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Dataflow Operators --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Functions --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Expression and Statement --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Examples --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.8 --- Implementation --- p.19 / Chapter 3 --- Extended Dataflow Network --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1 --- Assertion Arcs --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2 --- Selection Operators --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- The Discrete Choice Operator --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- The Discrete Committed Choice Operator --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- The Range Choice Operators --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- The Range Committed Choice Operators --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3 --- Examples --- p.33 / Chapter 3.4 --- E-Lucid --- p.39 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Modified Four Cockroaches Problem --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Traffic Light Problem --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Old Maid Problem --- p.48 / Chapter 4 --- Implementation of E-Lucid --- p.54 / Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2 --- Definition of Terms --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3 --- Function ELUCIDinterpreter --- p.57 / Chapter 4.4 --- Function Edemand --- p.58 / Chapter 4.5 --- Function transf ormD --- p.59 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Labelling Datastreams of Selection Operators --- p.59 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Removing Committed Choice Operators --- p.62 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- "Removing asa, wvr, and upon" --- p.62 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Labelling Output Datastreams of if-then-else-fi --- p.63 / Chapter 4.5.5 --- Transforming Statements to Daton Statements --- p.63 / Chapter 4.5.6 --- Transforming Daton Expressions Recursively --- p.65 / Chapter 4.5.7 --- An Example --- p.65 / Chapter 4.6 --- "Functions constructCSP, f indC, and transf ormC" --- p.68 / Chapter 4.7 --- An Example --- p.75 / Chapter 4.8 --- Function backtrack --- p.77 / Chapter 5 --- Related Works --- p.83 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.87

No description available.

Fireflies are a cosmopolitan group of bioluminescent beetles classified in the family Lampyridae. The first catalogue of Lampyridae was published in 1907 and since that time, the classification and systematics of fireflies have been in flux. Several more recent catalogues and classification schemes have been published, but rarely have they taken phylogenetic history into account. Here I infer the first large scale anchored hybrid enrichment phylogeny for the fireflies and use this phylogeny as a backbone to inform classification. Several classification changes are made throughout the group with emphasis on morphological traits that support the AHE hypothesis. Building off of this classification work, and in an effort to help correct taxonomic issues that have plagued the Lampyridae, I also present an electronic identification tool to the firefly genera of the world. This tool is built in Lucid and incorporates 23 characters (features) and 76 character states. These characters are inspired by current and historic literature. Emphasis was given to characters and states that are easily located and do not require complex dissection. The key currently works for 113 of the 146 known lampyrid genera. As such, it should be noted that it is a provisionary attempt at identification, and all identifications should be checked against primary literature. Fireflies, like many organisms, rely on sensory cues from their environment and are an ideal system for studying sensory niche adaptation. This is due in large part to the dependence of many species on bioluminescent sexual communication. Using transcriptomics, I examine the phototransduction pathway and provide some of the first evidence for positive selection in beetles, of components of the phototransduction pathway beyond opsins. Based on preliminary data gathered in several BYU Bio-100 courses for non-majors, I observed that many students come to class with a human-centric view of the world. In addition to this, and perhaps as an explanation, students also come to class without a firm understanding of natural history collections and their roles both to the general public and specifically to science. Therefore, in two sections of BIO-100 at BYU students were given an online module as part of their normal homework. This module was designed to use fireflies from the Monte L Bean Science Museum to introduce students to the concept of natural history museums and to give an example of an organism at risk for extinction. Unfortunately, no gain in pro-environmental thinking was observed post-intervention, however, I did observe gains in student's appreciation of the importance of natural history collections to both the general public and to scientific research.

Denna undersökning syftar till att undersöka hur samtida maraupplevelser kommer till uttryck i olika internetfora och vilken betydelse maraupplevelser har för den enskilde individen. Arbetet är en explorativ studie som inspirerats av grundad teori (GT). Genom att studera digitalt material och då främst olika spiritistiska internetfora och kommentarsfält har informanterna berättat om sina maraupplevelser. I analysen av det digitala materialet användes en narrativ teori. Den explorativa undersökningen har lett fram till att en kärnkategori, där dess egenskaper och dimensioner framträtt. Gemensamt för informanterna och deras maraupplevelser är att de anser sina upplevelser vara extraordinära, deras narrativ belyser en känsla av att bli paralyserad under sömnen, de förklarar hur någon sitter på deras bröst så att de inte får någon luft, panik, rädsla och skräck uppstår. Maraupplevelser under sömn är en röd tråd som binder ihop informanternas narrativ och begrepp. Informanterna har upplevt liknande händelser med maran och en gemenskap och ett skapande av mening i deras berättelser framkommer. Att informanterna benämner upplevelsen som riden av maran eller att de drabbats av sömnparalys är återkommande i den digitala empirin.

While dreaming, one lacks the understanding that what is experienced is self-generated hallucinatory contents of consciousness. However, during dreaming there is a rare state called lucid dreaming. The minimal requirement for a dream to be considered lucid is that one is self-aware that one is currently sleeping. If self-awareness is the minimal criterion for lucid dreaming, that would entail the activation of those brain areas and networks typically related to self-referential processing. Further, lucid dreaming often entails the ability to exert volition over dream content. This thesis is a systematic review of the neural correlates of lucid dreaming and investigates the potential overlap of the neural correlates of lucid dreaming and volition. Only peer-reviewed original empirical articles that used healthy adults as participants were included. Thus, five studies were found. Two of the studies used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), two used electroencephalography (EEG), and one used both EEG and fMRI. This thesis found that the precuneus and left parietal lobe, which are brain areas related to self-referential processing, have increased activity during lucid dreaming compared to non-lucid dreaming. Also, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has increased functional connectivity in people who are more likely to experience lucid dreaming. DLPFC has been associated with metacognitive functions, which includes volition.There also seems to be an overlap in brain regions activated in volition compared to lucid dreaming; these areas include the parietal cortex, supplementary motor area, and anteriorprefrontal cortex.

A dream can impact a person so profoundly that it may permanently alter his or her life, beliefs, or behaviour. Most of the time, these gifts of insight happen to only a rare few and usually occur without intention. These life-altering dreams are spontaneous and unpredictable. While most studies focus on the content or meaning of dreams after they occur, this study explores the possibility of using dreams to influence behavioural changes in the waking world. This study examined three of the dream elements associated with profound dreams that could potentially be used to develop a systematic method of using dreams to create behavioural changes. The three elements are (a) Emotion: the ability to generate high-emotion states within a dream; (b) Narrative: the formation of narratives within a dream; and (c) Reality: the ability of the dreamer to perceive and accept the dream as reality. This study was conducted using a qualitative research design with a narrative analysis approach in order to explore and understand the subjective experiences of two participants. Data were collected through the participants‘ interviews and dream journals to help determine themes emerging from each of the participants‘ individual experiences. The themes were then analysed for any information regarding the three elements of dreaming as well as the dreams‘ personal significance to the dreamer. Further analysis explored whether lucid or non-lucid dreaming was able to intentionally produce an experientially-based shift in a specific target behaviour. The results of this research study suggest that there is potential for using dreams to induce behavioural change. The research provided a preliminary inquiry into this new field of dream therapy. This exploration of key elements to a potential dream method may prove essential to defining a basic framework and the tools that may be required to implement a new dream method. Future studies are necessary to uncover the correct combination of elements that will produce profound dream experiences at will. / Psychology / Ph. D. (Psychology)

Estudo de estruturas narrativas no cinema e nos games construídas a partir do elemento onírico. As obras analisadas são elaboradas como emulação/simulação de sonhos, memórias ou alucinações dos personagens. A análise servirá para o desenvolvimento do roteiro de um jogo eletrônico baseado no conceito de sonho lúcido, fenômeno em que o sujeito adquire consciência da realidade onírica. / The Master Thesis\'s objective is to study narrative structures in cinema and games that is constructed with oneiric elements. The films and games studied are representation or emulation/ simulation of the character\'s dreams, memories or hallucinations. The research will serve as basis to write a screenplay and a Game Design Document to a electronic game based on the concept of Lucid Dreaming. Lucid Dream is when one adquire conscious thought and lucidity in their dream state

No description available.

The objectives of this study were to explore (a) the relationships between dream reflective awareness and different types of impactful dreams, (b) the relationships between waking reflective awareness and dream reflective awareness following loss and trauma, and (c) the self-transformative potential of reflective awareness within dreams. We conducted a 2 (loss/trauma experiences) X 3 (timeframe: within the preceding 6 months, within the preceding 6-24 months, within the preceding 3-7 years) cross-sectional study to examine reflective awareness within impactful dreams and the changes in subsequent waking reflective awareness. The major results suggested that (a) only transcendent dreams were highly related to explicit dream lucidity (i.e., lucid mindfulness); (b) a continuity between pre-dream waking mindfulness and intra-dream self-awareness was specific to mundane dreams; (c) the experiences of loss or trauma and the timeframe of such experiences both predicted depersonalization within dreams; and (d) depersonalization within dreams was predictive of subsequent decreases in waking mindfulness. In sum, the present study replicated prior studies of the self-transformative effects of impactful dreams, demonstrated the continuity between dreaming and waking reflective awareness, and clarified the ways in which reflective awareness within dreams may affect post-traumatic growth.

Estudo de estruturas narrativas no cinema e nos games construídas a partir do elemento onírico. As obras analisadas são elaboradas como emulação/simulação de sonhos, memórias ou alucinações dos personagens. A análise servirá para o desenvolvimento do roteiro de um jogo eletrônico baseado no conceito de sonho lúcido, fenômeno em que o sujeito adquire consciência da realidade onírica. / The Master Thesis\'s objective is to study narrative structures in cinema and games that is constructed with oneiric elements. The films and games studied are representation or emulation/ simulation of the character\'s dreams, memories or hallucinations. The research will serve as basis to write a screenplay and a Game Design Document to a electronic game based on the concept of Lucid Dreaming. Lucid Dream is when one adquire conscious thought and lucidity in their dream state