>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Applications of electrochemiluminescent conjugated polymers offer promising solutions in addressing the problem of light emitting devices. However, the challenging problems that hamper their application in light emitting devices are loss of signal due to diffusion of the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reagent out of the detection zone, limited ability to repeatedly cycle an individual luminophore and high reagent consumption. In this work, the main objective was to produce conducting polymers with enhanced electrochemiluminescence by tuning the properties of the polymer itself. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of films of polyaniline (PANI) and poly(8-anilino-1- naphthalene sulfonic acids) (PANSA) synthesized through electro- and chemical polymerization methods were also investigated. The electrosynthesis of PANSA undoped and doped with anthracene sulfonic acid (ASA), 1,2-naphthaquinone-4-sulfonic acid (NSA) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) in acid medium was investigated and the cyclic voltammograms (CV) showed the growth of the polymer during polymerization. The CV multiscan characterization displayed that the growth of the polymer was dependent of the scan rate and the three redox couples were observed as indicative of the three redox states of typical polyaniline and its derivatives. The results also showed that the peak currents were diffusion controlled and the electron charge transport coefficient (De) of the electrosynthesized polymers was found to range between 10⁻⁸ and 10⁻⁹ cm² s⁻¹ for PANSA, PANSA-ASA, PANSA-NSA and PANSA-CNT. The De value indicates that the movement of electrons along the polymer chain was averagely fast. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to investigate the electronic morphology of the polymers and the TEM images showed an intertwinement of tubings which aggregate into a ring with a mixture of tubings and plastic sheets. The chemical synthesis of PANI, PANSA and PANI-NSA was carried out by using monomers analine, 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid, and aniline with 1,2- naphthaquinone-4-sulfonic acid, respectively, using oxidants. All chemically synthesized polymers exhibited quinoid and benzoid bands typically see in polyaniline FTIR and Raman spectra confirmed the successfully formation of polymers. The CV characterization of these polymers showed distinctive redox peaks. This proved that the polymers were electroactive, conductive and exhibited reversible electrochemistry. The De of the electrosynthesized polymers was found to be ~10⁻⁵ cm² s⁻¹ for chemically synthesized polymers. The electric conductivity measurement showed to increase from 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻² when aniline was polymerized with NSA dopant, this might be related to the process of electron transfer from dopant to polymer. Scanning electron microscopy for external morphology showed that the polymers were made of different nano- rods polymeric structures. Photophysical properties of electro- and chemically synthesized PANSA and PANI were investigated through UV-vis absorption, fluorescence behaviour, and lifetime. The UV-vis absorption spectra of these polymers showed that they exhibited absorption bands corresponding to the polyemeraldine redox state of typical polyaniline. The effect of dopants resulted in the increase in solubility of the polymers with a small shift of absorption bands due to incorporation of dopants in to the backbone of the polymer. The fluorescence emission spectra of the electrochemically synthesized PANSA with and without dopants were observed to be similar and mirror image of the excitation spectra and corresponding to the electronic band of the benzoid ring in the polyemeraldine form confirming that the fluorescing molecule in these polymers were the benzoid rings. However, the emission spectra of the chemically synthesized PANSA and PANI were different to excitation spectra due to loss of symmetry upon excitation. The effects of chemically synthesized PANI, PANSA and PANI-NSA addition on the photophysical properties of [Ru(bpy)₂(picCOOH)]²⁺.(ClO₄⁻)₂) were investigated in order to understand the interaction of polymer and [Ru(bpy)₂(picCOOH)]²⁺.(ClO₄⁻)₂. The analysis revealed that the presence of polyaniline and its derivatives enhanced the [Ru(bpy)₂(picCOOH)]²⁺.(ClO₄⁻)2 absorption band, photoluminescence and fluorescence lifetime. The enhancement observed from interaction of [Ru(bpy)₂(picCOOH)]²⁺.(ClO₄⁻)₂ with polyaniline and its derivatives might be due to the excited state electron transfer from the PANI and PANSA excited state to the [Ru(bpy)₂(picCOOH)]²⁺.(ClO₄⁻)₂. It was further demonstrated in this work that it is possible to form polyaniline and PANSA doped with [Ru(bpy)₂(picCOOH)]²⁺.(ClO₄⁻)₂ films on ITO electrode using potentiostatic growth method to favour ECL production. The results showed that all films generated ECL in the presence of Tripropylamine (TPA) as a co-reactant and their emission properties depend on time used to prepare the film. The enhancement of ECL signal was due to a positive electron transfer from the conducting polymer (PANI and PANSA) to [Ru(bpy)₂(picCOOH)]²⁺.(ClO₄⁻)₂ complex. The results highlighted the potential of these polymeric luminophores usage in the manufacturing of the ECL devices.

Submitted by RAFAEL MIGUEL SÁBIO null (rafaelmsabio@gmail.com) on 2016-11-01T21:14:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 THESE RAFAEL MIGUEL SABIO 26_10_2016.pdf: 9769437 bytes, checksum: 37a38ed4b54498b696d4fe43ebcdfa2e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-10T13:19:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sabio_rm_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1635130 bytes, checksum: e5de0aa69e20b9d8d68afedc85cab297 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T13:19:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sabio_rm_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1635130 bytes, checksum: e5de0aa69e20b9d8d68afedc85cab297 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Le design de complexes luminescents hétérobimétalliques a suscité ces dernières années un intérêt croissant en raison de leurs propriétés photophysiques uniques. Dans ces complexes de lanthanide (Nd (III) et Yb (III)) associé à des chromophores du bloc d, la forte émission des métaux de transition dans le visible est utilisée pour sensibiliser de façon efficace les niveaux f-f des lanthanides(III) qui émettent à leur tour dans le visible ou l’IR selon les terres rares. Plus spécifiquement l’attention s’est focalisée sur le développement de complexes hétérobimétalliques d-f pour l’émission dans le proche infrarouge (NIR). En effet le proche infrarouge, comparé à l’UV, pénètre plus facilement les tissus biologiques humains notamment la peau. Bien que de telles propriétés confèrent à ces complexes bimétalliques un fort potentiel pour le diagnostic médical, aucun complexe hétérobimétallique d-f greffé de façon covalente à une matrice de silice n’a été décrit. Dans ce travail de nouveaux complexes hétérobimétalliques d-f contenant des ligands silylés ont été préparés et greffés sur la silice. Les complexes monomères [Ru(bpy)2(bpmd)]Cl2 (noté Ru), [Ru(bpy)(bpy-Si)(bpmd)]Cl2 (noté RuL) et [Ln(TTA-Si)3] (noté LnL3) et les complexes hétérobimétalliques d-f Ru-LnL3 et Ln-RuL (Ln = Nd3+, Yb3+) ont été préparés. La caractérisation des complexes a été effectuée par spectroscopie Raman, RMN 1H et 13C RMN. Les spectres RMN 1D 1H et 13C NMR ainsi que 2D de corrélation HSQC confirment les structures proposées. L’étude des propriétés photophysiques met en évidence l’émission de l’élément lanthanide dans le proche infrarouge ainsi que l'efficacité du processus de transfert d'énergie Ru-Ln qui est facilité par le ligand (2,2'-bipyrimidine). Les mesures de durée de vie et de rendement quantique (ET) pour le transfert d'énergie indiquent des valeurs remarquables comprises entre 30 et 84 %. La valeur du rendement quantique (ET) du complexe d'Yb-RuL, 73,4 %, est à ce jour la plus grande valeur rapportée pour un complexe hétérobimétallique Ru (II)-Yb (III). Le greffage sur différentes matrices de silice, mésoporeuse SiO2 ou dense SiO2 d, a été réalisé. Les nanohybrides SiO2-RuL, SiO2-NdL3 et SiO2-YbL3 ont été obtenus avec des taux de greffage allant de 0,08 à 0,18 mmol de complexe par gramme de silice. SiO2-RuNd et SiO2- RuYb ont été obtenus par greffage simultané des complexes silylés monomères de ruthénium et de lanthanide, des taux de greffage de 0,10 à 0,16 mmol.g-1 ont été obtenus, respectivement. Les rendements quantiques ET de transfert d’énergie des nanohybrides SiO2-RuNd et SiO2-RuYb sont respectivement de 40 and 27,5 %. La valeur remarquable obtenue pour le nanohybride impliquant le néodyme, SiO2-RuNd, s’explique par bonne adéquation entre les niveaux d’énergie du donneur et de l’accepteur. Les nanohybrides SiO2- RuYbL3, SiO2-YbRuL, SiO2d-YbRuL et SiO2-NdRuL ont été obtenus par greffage des complexes silylés hétérobimétallic d-f élaborés dans ce travail, les taux de greffage, de 0,03 à 0,17 mmol.g-1 permettent d’envisager une fonctionnalisation chimique ultérieure de ces nanoobjets. Les propriétés de luminescence de ces nanohybrides sont similaires à celles des complexes non greffés hormis pour SiO2-YbRuL and SiO2d-YbRuL qui présentent des profils de luminescence différents comparés au complexe libre Yb—RuL. Le greffage à l'intérieur des pores de la silice pourrait éviter le processus de désactivation de la luminescent contrairement au greffage sur la matrice de silice dense. Les propriétés photophysiques associées à la morphologie et à la stabilité de la matrice de silice mésoporeuse permettent d’envisager l’utilisation de ces nouveaux nanohybrides luminescents dans le proche infrarouge comme nanosondes ou nanomarqueurs de systèmes biologiques. / The design of heterobimetallic luminescent complexes has gained growing interest in recent years due to their unique photophysical properties. More specifically, the development of heterobimetallic complexes using d-block chromophores to sensitize the near-infrared (NIR) emission of lanthanide complexes (such as Nd(III) and Yb(III)) has received significant attention taking into account their longer emission wavelengths and the interest of the NIR emission which penetrates human tissue more effectively than UV light. These properties give them potential applications in medical diagnostics or biomedical assays. Transitions to excited state levels of transition metal complexes occurring in the visible and characterized by large absorption coefficients, could efficiently sensitize f-f levels of Ln(III) ions. In this work new d-f heterobimetallic complexes containing silylated ligands were prepared supported on silica materials. [Ru(bpy)2(bpmd)]Cl2 (labeled Ru), [Ru(bpy)(bpy-Si)(bpmd)]Cl2 (labeled RuL) and [Ln(TTA-Si)3] (labeled LnL3) and d-f heterobimetallic complexes, Ru—LnL3 and Ln—RuL (Ln = Nd3+, Yb3+) were prepared. Structural characterization was carried out by Raman Scattering, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Results obtained from 1H-13C HMBC and HSQC correlation NMR spectra confirm the formation of proposed complexes. Photophysical properties studies highlight the efficiency of Ru—Ln energy transfer processes in NIR-emitting lanthanide complexes mediated by conjugated bridging ligand (2,2'-bipyrimidine). Lifetime measurements were carried out and values of quantum yield for energy transfer (ET) between 30 and 84 % could be evaluated. ET of 73.4 % obtained for the Yb—RuL complex is the largest value reported for Ru(II)—Yb(III) heterobimetallic complexes so far. Grafting on different silica matrix was also demonstrated. SiO2-Ru, SiO2-NdL3 and SiO2-YbL3 nanohybrids were obtained with grafting efficiencies from 0.08 to 0.18 mmol g-1 of silica. SiO2-RuNd and SiO2-RuYb were performed from simultaneous grafting of ruthenium and lanthanides silylated complexes. Grafting efficiencies from 0.10 to 0.16 were obtained. ET of 40 and 27.5 % were obtained from SiO2-RuNd and SiO2-RuYb, respectively. The higher values observed for the Nd(III) nanohybrid is well explained by the matching of donor and acceptor energy levels. SiO2-RuYbL3, SiO2-YbRuL, SiO2 d-YbRuL and SiO2-NdRuL were carried out from grafting of d-f heterobimetallic silylated complexes. Grafting efficiencies from 0.03 to 0.17 were obtained. Luminescent properties from these nanohybrids were similar to the free complexes. However the SiO2-YbRuL and SiO2 d-YbRuL showed distinct luminescent profiles compared with the free Yb—RuL. The grafting inside the mesoporous channels may prevent luminescent desactivation processes comparing to the dense silica matrix. The photophysical properties associated with the morphology and stability of the mesoporous silica matrix allow suggesting these new NIR luminescent nanohybrids as nanoprobes or nanomarkers in biomedicine.

To serve well as luminescent labels in biological applications, complexes of the lanthanide ions need to fulfil many criteria, including the requirement of high quantum yields, stability towards dissociation in biological media and preferably, excitation at wavelengths over 350 nm. Herein, a number of aspects regarding the sensitization of europium(III) and terbium(III) ions are discussed with respect to the design and development of novel complexes. The effect of the addition of anions such as fluoride and phosphate to the Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes of a known tris(bipyridyl) cryptate, are studied with a view to gaining a better understanding of non-radiative deactivation pathways of the lanthanide excited state. Enhancements of Eu3+ emission within the cryptate are noted whilst with the Tb3+ analogue, emission is significantly reduced upon displacement of OH by these ions. A new ligand based on a polyaminocarboxylate structure with a single bipyridyl chromophore is then reported, which displays nine-coordination around the enclosed lanthanide ion. The luminescence properties of the europium complex are very good but the terbium complex shows more complex behaviour, suggestive of a back energy transfer mechanism from the terbium excited state to the ligand triplet level. The development of ligands with mixed N,O pyrido-phenol chromophoric groups, which are expected to be better sensitizers of terbium(III) luminescence, is also outlined. Finally, in the quest to sensitize europium using longer wavelengths, acridone is incorporated into an azamacrocyclic structure and luminescence is observed from the complexed Eu3+. The quantum yield of luminescence is found to increase with decreasing distance between the sensitizer and the ion, and in the presence of coordinating donor atoms.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Este trabalho teve por objetivo a realização do estudo das propriedades ópticas, magnéticas e estruturais do cristal elpasolita Cs2NaAlF6 dopado com as concentrações de 0,1%, 1,0%, 3,0%, 10,0%, 30,0% e 50,0% de Cr3+. O interesse no estudo deste sistema reside na existência de uma larga e intensa banda de luminescência na temperatura ambiente, que se estende do visível ao infravermelho próximo, podendo então ser utilizado como fonte de radiação sintonizável em dispositivos ópticos, optoeletrônicos e detectores, entre outros. Para a investigação das propriedades ópticas foram feitas medidas de luminescência, excitação e luminescência resolvida no tempo, na temperatura ambiente e a baixas temperaturas. Os resultados obtidos mostram largas bandas de luminescência atribuídas aos íons de Cr3+, ocupando dois sítios octaédricos não equivalentes. Os resultados também mostram que a intensidade integrada da luminescência, o baricentro da banda de emissão e o tempo de vida do estado luminescente variam com a concentração de impureza residente no sistema. Foram realizadas medidas de calor específico em função do campo magnético em uma larga faixa de temperatura, cujos resultados mostram o aparecimento do efeito Schottky a baixas temperaturas. Medidas de susceptibilidade magnética em funcão da temperatura também foram realizadas, e mostram um comportamento paramagnético, típico do íon impureza Cr3+, com um ordenamento magnético de curto alcance. Para a determinação das propriedades estruturais foram realizadas medidas de difração de nêutrons na temperatura ambiente. / This work is devoted to study the optical, magnetic and structural properties of the elpasolite crystal Cs2NaAlF6 with 0.1, 1.0, 3.0, 10.0, 30.0 and 50.0% of Cr3+ ions. The interest on this material lies on the fact that such system presents a broad, intense band in the visible and infrared regions at room temperature and therefore can be used as a tunable radiation source in optical, optoelectronic devices and detectors, among others. To investigate the optical properties luminescence, excitation and time-resolved luminescence measurements at room and low temperatures were realized. The results show broad bands attributed to the Cr3+ ions in two non-equivalent sites, both of them with octahedral coordination. The results also show that the luminescence integrated intensity, emission baricenter and luminescence lifetime change with the change of impurity doping. Specific heat measurements were performed as a function of magnetic field in a wide temperature range, whose results show the appearance of the Schottky effect at very low temperatures. The magnetic susceptibility measurements show a paramagnetic behavior, typical of the dopant ion Cr3+, with a short-range magnetic ordering. To determine the structural properties, neutron diffraction measurements were realized at room temperature.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:46:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_la_dr_araiq.pdf: 3758896 bytes, checksum: 8f9b1dddc8f92a0c77915bd317de357f (MD5) / Partículas esféricas de sílica mesoporosa foram obtidas a partir da síntese “template” pelo processo de pirólise de aerossol. O processo foi otimizado para a obtenção de materiais mesoporosos sem resíduos orgânicos e preparados em uma única etapa, eliminando assim, a longa etapa de remoção do surfactante na metodologia tradicional (tratamento térmico ou extração soxhlet, podendo durar dezenas de horas). A otimização do processo de pirólise de aerossol proposta nesta tese reduziu este tempo para apenas alguns minutos. Os materiais apresentaram uma área superficial (BET) de até 1028 m2 .g-1 , com volume de poros (BJH) de 0,58 cm3 .g-1 . Os difratogramas de raios-X indicaram um alto grau de organização com um arranjo hexagonal de poros, confirmado também pela microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Além disto, bandas características de grupos orgânicos não foram observadas nos espectros de absorção na região do infra-vermelho para as amostras obtidas acima de 600ºC. Amostras dopadas com íons Eu3+ também foram preparadas durante a tese. A análise por espectroscopia de luminescência, para íons Eu3+ , indicou que o íon está encapsulado nos canais mesoporosos sem prévia modificação química da matriz. Posteriormente, moléculas de 1,10- Fenantrolina foram coordenadas ao íon Eu3+ aumentando a faixa espectral de excitação do íon (efeito antena). Além disto, partículas luminescentes também foram obtidas pela incorporação do complexo Eu(fod)3 ou rodamina-B nos poros das matrizes. Finalmente, testes de recobrimento (core shell, SiO2 mesoporoso-SiO2) das partículas luminescentes foram realizados e os resultados indicaram que independentemente da espessura obtida pelo processo de recobrimento, o grau de organização dos poros e a fotoluminescência não sofreram alterações / Spherical mesoporous silica particles were obtained using the template synthesis by spray pyrolysis process. The process was optimized for the preparation of the mesoporous materials in one-pot route without organic residues, eliminating thus, the long process of removal of the surfactant, usually used in the available methods (heat treatment or soxhlet extraction, which require several hours or days). The one- pot route proposed in this thesis reduced the extraction process to only a several minutes. These materials presented a surface area value (BET) of 1028m2 .g-1 and pore volume (BJH) was 0,58 cm3 .g-1 . The X-ray diffraction patterns and the transmission electronic micrographs show an ordered typical p6mm 2D hexagonal mesostructure. Characteristics bands of organic groups were not observed in the infra-red absorption spectra for the samples obtained at 600ºC. Moreover, SiO2 mesoporous doped with Eu3+ ions were also prepared. Luminescence data suggest that the Eu3+ ions were successful encapsulated into the channels of mesoporous silica without any preliminary chemical modification of the matrix. Moreover, extra ligands such as 1,10-Phenantroline can be further coordinated, increasing the spectral range excitation (antenna effect). Furthermore, luminescent particles were also prepared by the wet impregnation of Eu(fod)3 complex and rhodamine-B molecules. Finally, tests of coating (core shell, SiO2 mesoporous-SiO2) of luminescent particles had been carried through and the The results obtained show spherical shape and the observation of a highly ordered hexagonal array of mesochannels further confirms the 2D hexagonal p6m structure. Luminescence results reveal that rhodamine-B has been successfully encapsulated into the channels of mesoporous particles. Silica coating has been observed in TEM measurements

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 stanzani_bm_dr_araiq.pdf: 1893535 bytes, checksum: 1fdd52727a2d92a13e0af2208dd6024c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os polioxometalatos (POMs) estão sendo muito estudados devido a suas propriedades atrativas, em especial a alta densidade eletrônica, alta solubilidade em muitos solventes e estabilidade térmica até aproximadamente 500°C. Outra propriedade é a facilidade com que os polioxometalatos são formados e a variedade de possíveis composto que apresentam estruturas auto-organizadas, dependendo do pH. O presente trabalho trata da preparação dos íons com a estrutura do tipo Keggin (XM12O40)n- e Dawson (X2M18O62)n- com X= P e M=W, Mo. Também foi preparada a estrutura tipo Preyssler (NaP5W30O110)14- e dopada com íon Eu3+ como (EuP5W30O110)12-. Além desses, os ânions (EuW10O36)9- e [Eu(PW11O39)2]11- foram preparados e as propriedades luminescentes do íon Eu3+ foram reportadas. As metodologias adequadas para a síntese desses polioxometalatos foram desenvolvidas para a preparação em meio aquoso e os polioxometalatos preparados foram caracterizados utilizando as técnicas de difração de raios X, DTA e TG, ressonancia magnética nuclear do 31P, espectroscopia vibracional e espalhamento Raman. Uma nova frente de pesquisa tem sido apresentada através da precipitação do cristal na matriz polimérica transparente de polietileno glicol (PEG 600). A partir do tratamento térmico a T~70oC ocorre a precipitação dos cristais e os mesmos são re-dissolvidos a temperatura ambiente. Numa primeira hipótese pode-se supor a formação de um cristal líquido, mas há a necessidade de um estudo mais detalhado, a fim de confirmar nossa hipótese. A matriz polimérica transparente tem sido escolhida como hospedeiro para os componentes heteropolianiônicos e as propriedades físicas e estruturais desses novos materiais compósitos foram estudadas utilizando as técnicas de ressonancia magnética nuclear do 31P e espectroscopia de espalhamento Raman / Polyoxometalates (POMs) are widely studied due to their attractive properties especially high electronic density, high solubility in different solvents and their thermal stability over 500 ºC. Another property is the ease with which POMs are formed and the variety of possible compounds usually self- assembled structures at the appropriate pH. The present work deals with the preparation of structure ions type Keggin (XM12O40)n- and Dawson (X2M18O62)n- where X= P and M= W, Mo. Also we have prepared Preyssler structure (NaP5W30O110)14- and doped with Eu3+ as (EuP5W30O110)12-. Additionally, (EuW10O36)9-, [Eu(PW11O39)2]11- have been prepared and the luminescence properties of Eu3+ ion is reported. Adequate methodology has been explored for the preparation of these compounds in aqueous medium and the polyoxometalates prepared have been characterized using X-Ray diffraction, DTA and TGA, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, vibrational spectroscopy, and Raman scattering. A new and exciting avenue of this work has been demonstrated through the precipitation of crystal into polymeric transparent matrix polyethylene glycol (PEG 600). Under heat treatment (T~70ºC), the formed crystals precipitate and re-dissolved at room temperature. At first assumption, we may assist at the formation of a liquid crystal but further studied are undergo in order to support our hypothesis. Polymeric transparent matrix as has been selected as a host for the heteropolyanionic components. Thermal and structural properties of the new composite materials has been studied using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman scattering

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:06:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 duarte_ap_dr_araiq.pdf: 8458185 bytes, checksum: 4c4165ee9f06459dcc2e5293c42a8a1d (MD5) / Este trabalho apresenta a síntese, caracterização e estudo das propriedades de fotoluminescência de híbridos à base de sílica e complexos európio (III). Estes híbridos, também, foram funcionalizados e testados como sondas ou biomarcadores. A associação do íon európio à matrizes inorgânicas (alumina, sílica) e orgânicas (PMMA), tem sido amplamente estudada. Entretanto, o estudo de diferentes metodologias de síntese são ainda necessárias para otimizar propriedades físico-químicas, incluíndo as propriedades luminescentes destes materiais. Neste sentido, a presente tese propõe a síntese de dois novos luminóforos à base de sílica, via ligação covalente de complexos de Eu3+ à matriz, impedindo, desta forma, processos indesejados de lixiviação. Estes novos complexos de európio (III) devem apresentar ligantes com função alcooxisilanos, e uma estrutura eletrônica que possibilite a eficiente transferência de energia não radiativa (“efeito de antena”) Ligante ® Eu3+, otimizando propriedades luminescentes. Além do ligante bipiridina (Bpy-Si) já conhecido na literatura, desenvolvido no CIRIMAT-Toulouse, o novo ligante alcoóxi modificado b-dicetona (TTA-Si) foi sintetizado nessa tese, gerando neste trabalho uma família composta de três complexos de európio (III): [Eu(TMHD)3(Bpy-Si)], [Eu (TTA)3(Bpy-Si)] e [Eu (TTA-Si)3], que serão citados no texto sob as siglas [Eu1], [Eu2] e [Eu3], respectivamente. A ancoragem dos complexos superficialmente à sílica foi realizada sobre duas matrizes diferentes: primeiro, nanopartículas de sílica densas, 24 ± 2 nm (Ludox AS-40), e segundo, matrizes de sílica mesoporosas. A sílica mesoporosa foi sintetizada pela metodologia de pirólise de aerossol, um método (one step) capaz de produzir partículas mesoporosas em poucos minutos, sem resíduos de surfactante e... / Ce travail décrit la synthèse, la caratérisation et l’étude des propriétés de photoluminescence d’hybrides à base de silice et de complexes d’europium(III). Ces hybrides sont ensuite organiquement modifiés pour illustrer leur application potentielle en tant que sondes ou biomarqueurs. Associer les très bonnes propriétés de luminescence des complexes de lanthanides avec les propriétés physico-chimiques d’une matrice inorganique telle que la silice est une voie prometteuse pour l’obtention de nouveaux outils d’analyse pour la biologie. La silice, SiO2, est une excellente matrice inorganique qui, sous forme de particules submicroniques voire même nanométriques, puisqu’elle permet à la fois de concentrer le luminophore tout en le protégeant des perturbations externes susceptibles d’inhiber le processus de luminescence. De plus la modification de la surface des particules de silice via une fonctionnalisation par voie chimique rend ces nouveaux hybrides biocompatibles, adaptés à leur mise en suspension en milieu aqueux et donc intéressants pour l’analyse des milieux biologiques. Dans cette optique l’obtention de particules dont la taille reste inferieure à 100 nm est une condition qui s’impose et qui nécessite de développer de nouveaux hybrides organique-inorganiques. C’est dans ce cadre que se situe ce travail de thèse. Les lanthanides voient leurs propriétés de luminescence exaltées par la présence dans leur sphère de coordination de chromophores organiques. Depuis une dizaine d’années l’association de chélates d’europium(III) dans des matrices inorganiques (silice, alumine) et organiques (PMMA) a fait l’objet d’un très grand nombre d’études pour lesquelles les conditions de synthèse ne sont pas bien contrôlées conduisant à des hybrides... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-10-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:46:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ledemi_yag_dr_araiq.pdf: 4381823 bytes, checksum: a988190ae336a68b630fd0469bbb9ed7 (MD5) / Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit concernent l’étude de nouvelles vitrocéramiques transparentes à base de chalco-halogénures dopées par des ions de terres pour la luminescence dans le visible. L’addition de différents halogénures d’alcalins à des verres du système Ga2S3-GeS2 a été étudiée avec l’objectif d’étendre leur transparence vers l’ultraviolet. Des verres du système Ga2S3- GeS2-CsCl complètement transparents dans le visible (400-750 nm) jusqu’au moyen infrarouge (11,5 μm) ont été obtenus. Des vitrocéramiques transparentes et homogènes ont ensuite été préparées de manière contrôlée à partir de plusieurs verres à différentes teneurs en CsCl dans le système Ga2S3-GeS2-CsCl. Des nanocristallites de taille homogène et uniformément dispersées dans la matrice amorphe sont formées de manière reproductible par des traitements thermiques appropriés. Une étude d’un point de vue structural de la cristallisation a été réalisée par diffraction de rayons X et résonance magnétique nucléaire à l’état solide sur les noyaux 71Ga et 133Cs. Le rôle d’agent de nucléation du gallium a été mis en évidence dans cette matrice avec la cristallisation d’une phase Ga2S3. Un meilleur comportement mécanique a également été observé pour les matériaux composites préparés. Des vitrocéramiques dopées par des ions de terres rares (praséodyme Pr3+ et néodyme Nd3+) ont été synthétisées dans le système Ga2S3-GeS2-CsCl. L’évolution de la luminescence dans le visible des ions Pr3+ et Nd3+ a été étudiée en fonction des conditions de traitement thermique. Au vu des résultats obtenus, il semble que l’ion Pr3+ ne soit pas incorporé dans les cristallites. Une augmentation de la luminescence de l’ion Nd3+ a en revanche été constatée, suggérant une incorporation partielle de ces ions dans une phase cristalline... (Résumé complet accès électronique ci - dessous) / Vitrocerâmicas transparentes baseadas em novas composições de calco-halogenetos dopadas com íons de terras raras foram produzidas com o objetivo de gerar luz no visível. A adição de diferentes halogenetos alcalinos em vidros do sistema Ga2S3-GeS2 foi estudada com a finalidade de aumentar a sua janela de transparência no ultravioleta. Vidros no sistema Ga2S3- GeS2-CsCl totalmente transparentes no visível (400-750 nm) até a região do infravermelho médio (11,5μm) foram obtidos. Vitrocerâmicas transparentes e homogêneas foram em seguida preparadas a partir de vidros variando a concentração de CsCl no sistema Ga2S3-GeS2-CsCl. As condições dos tratamentos térmicos (temperaturas e tempos) foram estabelecidas permitindo o controle dos processos de nucleação e crescimento dos cristalitos dentro da matriz vítrea. Nanocristalitos uniformemente distribuídos e com tamanho homogêneo foram obtidos e confirmados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). Estudos estruturais foram realizadas nas vitrocerâmicas utilizando-se as técnicas de difração de raios X e resonância magnetica nuclear do sólido do 133Cs e 71Ga. Foi evidenciado o papel do agente de nucleação do gálio neste material, com a cristalização da fase Ga2S3. Um aumento da resistência mecânica foi também observado nestes materiais em comparação aos vidros de base. Em seguida, vitrocerâmicas dopadas com íons de terras raras (praseodímio Pr3+ e neodímio Nd3+) foram sintetizadas no sistema Ga2S3-GeS2-CsCl. A luminescência dos íons Pr3+ e Nd3+ no visível foi estudada em função dos tratamentos térmicos aplicados aos materiais. Foi observado que não houve a incorporação dos íons Pr3+na matriz. Por outro lado, um aumento da fluorescência do íon Nd3+ foi observado, sugerindo uma incorporação parcial destes íons dentro da fase cristalina... / The present work deals with the study of new chalco-halide glass-ceramics doped with rare earth ions for visible luminescence. The effect of the addition of different alkali-halide into glasses belonging to the Ga2S3-GeS2 system has been studied with the aim to extend their transparency into the ultraviolet region. Glasses transparent over the visible range (400-750 nm) up to the mid infrared (11,5 μm) have been obtained in the Ga2S3-GeS2-CsCl system. Transparent and homogeneous glass-ceramics have been prepared from several base glasses varying the CsCl content in the Ga2S3-GeS2-CsCl system. Nanocrystals with homogeneous size and uniformly distributed in the amorphous matrix have been generated with reproducibility by appropriate heat-treatment. A structural study of the crystallization has been realized using X-ray diffraction and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance performed on the 71Ga and 133Cs nuclei. The nucleating agent character of gallium has been shown in the glassy matrix with the crystallization of the Ga2S3 phase. An improved mechanical behaviour has also been observed in the prepared composite materials. Rare-earth ion (praseodymium Pr3+ and neodymium Nd3+) doped glass-ceramics have been synthesized in the Ga2S3-GeS2-CsCl system. The visible luminescence from Pr3+ and Nd3+ ions has been studied as a function of heat-treatment conditions. It appeared from experiments that Pr3+ ions are not incorporated into the crystals contrary to the Nd3+ ions from which an enhanced luminescence was observed, suggesting their partial integration into the crystalline phase. Finally, silver and Pr3+ doped glasses have been synthesized in the Ga2S3-GeS2 system. Metallic silver nanoparticles were generated by heat-treatment at 370°C and characterized by transmission electronic microscopy. The influence of the NPs on the Pr3+ ions luminescence properties was studied by performing frequency... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-13T12:10:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-23. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-07-13T12:25:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000827107_20170223.pdf: 614667 bytes, checksum: 10a796768ef12e3c112e16b079e0383c (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-02-24T13:00:37Z: 000827107_20170223.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-02-24T13:01:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000827107.pdf: 3859605 bytes, checksum: d84f269b80fe58ae033c498302383181 (MD5) / Sistemas contendo elementos terras raras possuem diversas aplicações em função de suas propriedades espectroscópicas e magnéticas. Já compostos à base de tungstênio formam uma grande classe de materiais inorgânicos que exibem propriedades físicas interessantes, em especial as fotocrômicas. Dentre os compostos de W6+, destaca-se o óxi-hidróxido de tungstênio e íons terras raras, com fórmula geral TRW2O6(OH)3, sobre o qual encontram-se poucos relatos na literatura. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as propriedades estruturais e espectroscópicas de óxi-hidróxidos de tungstênio e cátions trivalentes de elementos terras raras sintetizados por via hidrotérmica, método pelo qual a fase é facilmente obtida. A adição de ácido cítrico às sínteses leva a grande controle na morfologia das partículas obtidas e, mesmo permanecendo como resíduo nas amostras em que é utilizado, não causa distorções significativas na estrutura cristalina. Além disso, o aditivo promove a redução dos íons W6+ ao estado de oxidação (V), o que tem grande influência sobre as propriedades ópticas da fase em estudo. Os dados de reflectância difusa mostram uma intensa banda de absorção que se estende por todo o visível e infravermelho próximo, atribuída à transições de transferência de carga intervalência (IVCT) entre íons W5+ e W6+ adjacentes. A irradiação do material com energia que exceda ao bandgap leva ao aumento da banda associada à IVCT e consequente mudança de coloração do material, o que indica a ocorrência de fotocromismo; quando a excitação é feita na região do ultravioleta, o efeito fotocrômico é realçado pela fotodecomposição dos resíduos de ácido cítrico. O aumento da banda associada à IVCT leva, concomitantemente, à supressão da emissão a partir do nível emissor 5D0 dos íons Eu3+, resultando em um perfil exponencial de diminuição da... / Systems containing rare earth elements have many applications due to their spectroscopic and magnetic properties. On the other hand tungsten-based compounds form a large class of inorganic materials which exhibit interesting physical properties, particularly photochromism. Among W6+ compounds, oxy-hydroxide containing tungsten and rare earth ions, with formula TRW2O6(OH)3, stands out with few reports in the literature. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the structural and spectroscopic properties of oxy-hydroxides with tungsten and trivalent cations of rare earth elements, synthesized via hydrothermal method, by which the phase is easily obtained. The addition of citric acid to the synthesis leads to effective control of particles morphology, and even remaining as a residue in samples in which it is employed, it does not cause significant distortion of the crystal structure. Furthermore, this additive promotes the reduction of W6+ ions to the oxidation state (V), which has a great influence on the optical properties of the studied phase. The reflectance data show an intense absorption band which extends over the entire visible and near infrared spectral range, assigned to the intervalence charge transfer transitions (IVCT) between W5+ and adjacent W6+ ions. Irradiation of the material with energies exceeding the bandgap leads to an increase in the band associated with the IVCT and subsequent color change of the material, which indicates the occurrence of photochromism; when the excitation is done in the ultraviolet spectral region, the photochromic effect is enhanced by the photodecomposition of citric acid residues. The increased bandwidth associated with the IVCT leads concomitantly to the suppression of emissions from Eu3+ 5D0 emitting level, resulting in an exponential decrease of the emission intensity profile as the material is continuously irradiated. This observation suggests that...

The design and applications of quantum dots (QDs) as fluorescent probes for analyte sensing is presented. Cadmium based thiol-capped QDs were employed as probe for the detection of analytes. Comparative studies between core CdTe and core-shell CdTe@ZnS QDs showed that the overall sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor was dependent on the nature of the capping agent and the QDs employed, hence making CdTe@ZnS QDs a more superior sensor than the core. To explore the luminescent sensing of QDs based on the fluorescence “turn ON” mode, L-glutathione-capped CdTe QDs was conjugated to 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide (4AT) to form a QDs-4AT conjugate system. The QDs-4AT nanoprobe was highly selective and sensitive to the detection of bromide ion with a very low limit of detection. Subsequently, metallo-phthalocyanines (MPcs) were employed as host molecules on the surface of QDs based on the covalent linking of the QDs to the MPc. Elucidation of the reaction mechanism showed that the fluorescence “turn ON” effect of the QDs-MPc probe in the presence of the analyte was due to axial ligation of the analytes to the Pc ring. Studies showed that the type of substituent attached to the MPc ring influenced the overall sensitivity of the probe. Additionally, a comparative investigation using newly synthesized phthalocyanine and triaza-benzcorrole complexes was conducted when these complexes were conjugated to CdSe@ZnS QDs for analyte sensing. Results showed that the triaza-benzcorrole complex can be employed as a host-molecule sensor but displayed a lower sensitivity for analyte sensing in comparison to the phthalocyanine complex.