Orientador: Marian Rosaly Davolos / Coorientador: Marco Aurélio Cebim / Banca: Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti / Banca: Vera Regina Leopoldo Constantino / Resumo: O uso de protetores solares para a proteção da pele contra os raios UV emitidos pelo sol está se tornando imprescindível e o estudo tanto de filtros inorgânicos, orgânicos como das suspensões estáveis que constituem os protetores requerem pesquisa acadêmica. Este trabalho tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de novos tipos de filtros solares através da obtenção de complexos metálicos de Zn2+, de Ce3+ e heterobimetálicos de Zn2+ e Ce3+ a fim de utilizá-los na formulação de protetores solares com melhor desempenho no fator de proteção solar (FPS) e com menor irritabilidade. Dentre os diversos filtros orgânicos existentes foi escolhido como ligante o flavonoide quercetina (3,3',4',5,7 pentahidroxiflavona), um composto natural que apresenta propriedades bactericidas, antiinflamatórias e antioxidantes, além de absorção intensa na região UVA e UVB do espectro eletromagnético. Os complexos obtidos foram caracterizados por difração de raios X, análises térmica e elementar, espectroscopia vibracional de absorção na região do infravermelho, espectroscopia eletrônica de absorção na região do UV-VIS, espectroscopia de fotoluminescência. Os complexos de Zn2+ com quercetina, denominados de complexo 1 e complexo 2, apresentam interação metal-ligante pelos grupos 4-oxo e 3-OH, e fórmulas mínimas [Zn(Q)(H2O)2] e [Zn(Q)2(H2O)2] respectivamente. O complexo de Ce3+ com quercetina, denominado de complexo 4, apresenta a interação metal-ligante ocorrendo pelos grupos 4-oxo e 5-OH da quercetina e a fórmula mínima [Ce(Q)3(H2O)2]. O complexo heterobimetálico de Zn2+ e Ce3+, complexo H, apresenta fórmula mínima [CeZn(Q)2(H2O)4]Cl com seu espectro UV-VIS sugerindo interação dos centros metálicos com dois grupos principais da molécula de quercetina. A atividade antioxidante desses complexos frente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The use of sunscreens to protect the skin against UV rays emitted by the sun is becoming crucial and the study of both inorganic and organic filters, as well as stable suspensions which are the sunscreens require academic research. This work aims the development of new types of sunscreens by obtaining metal complexes of Zn2+, Ce3+ and hetero bimetallic complexes of Zn2+ and Ce3+ in order to use them in the sunscreen formulations to provide better performance in sun protection factor (FPS) and less irritability. Among the many existing organic filters it was chosen as ligand the flavonoid quercetin (3, 3', 4', 5,7 pentahidroxiflavone), a natural compound that has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidants, besides intense absorption in the UVA and UVB region of electromagnetic spectrum. The complexes obtained in powder form were characterized by X-ray diffraction, elemental and thermal analyzes, infrared vibrational spectroscopy, electronic absorption in the UV-VIS and photoluminescence spectroscopies. Complexes of Zn2+ with quercetin, designated complex 1 and complex 2 show metal-ligand interaction by the 4-oxo and 3-OH groups, and formulas [Zn(Q)(H2O)2] and [Zn(Q)2(H2O)2] respectively. The complex of Ce3+ with quercetin, called complex 4 shows the metal-ligand interaction by the 4-oxo and 5-OH groups and formula [Ce(Q)3(H2O)2]. The hetero bimetallic complex of Zn2+ and Ce3+ with quercetin, called complex H, presents formula [CeZn(Q)2(H2O)4]Cl and its UV-VIS spectrum suggests interaction of the metal centers with two main groups of quercetin. The antioxidant activity of these complexes against the reactive species and / or free radical ABTS•+, DPPH• , O2• -, HOCl / OCl- and H2O2 is generally superior to the ligand indicating that complexation of quercetin with metals enhances its antioxidant activity. The sunscreen formulation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by RAFAEL MIGUEL SÁBIO null (rafaelmsabio@gmail.com) on 2016-11-01T21:14:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 THESE RAFAEL MIGUEL SABIO 26_10_2016.pdf: 9769437 bytes, checksum: 37a38ed4b54498b696d4fe43ebcdfa2e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-10T13:19:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sabio_rm_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1635130 bytes, checksum: e5de0aa69e20b9d8d68afedc85cab297 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T13:19:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sabio_rm_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1635130 bytes, checksum: e5de0aa69e20b9d8d68afedc85cab297 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Le design de complexes luminescents hétérobimétalliques a suscité ces dernières années un intérêt croissant en raison de leurs propriétés photophysiques uniques. Dans ces complexes de lanthanide (Nd (III) et Yb (III)) associé à des chromophores du bloc d, la forte émission des métaux de transition dans le visible est utilisée pour sensibiliser de façon efficace les niveaux f-f des lanthanides(III) qui émettent à leur tour dans le visible ou l’IR selon les terres rares. Plus spécifiquement l’attention s’est focalisée sur le développement de complexes hétérobimétalliques d-f pour l’émission dans le proche infrarouge (NIR). En effet le proche infrarouge, comparé à l’UV, pénètre plus facilement les tissus biologiques humains notamment la peau. Bien que de telles propriétés confèrent à ces complexes bimétalliques un fort potentiel pour le diagnostic médical, aucun complexe hétérobimétallique d-f greffé de façon covalente à une matrice de silice n’a été décrit. Dans ce travail de nouveaux complexes hétérobimétalliques d-f contenant des ligands silylés ont été préparés et greffés sur la silice. Les complexes monomères [Ru(bpy)2(bpmd)]Cl2 (noté Ru), [Ru(bpy)(bpy-Si)(bpmd)]Cl2 (noté RuL) et [Ln(TTA-Si)3] (noté LnL3) et les complexes hétérobimétalliques d-f Ru-LnL3 et Ln-RuL (Ln = Nd3+, Yb3+) ont été préparés. La caractérisation des complexes a été effectuée par spectroscopie Raman, RMN 1H et 13C RMN. Les spectres RMN 1D 1H et 13C NMR ainsi que 2D de corrélation HSQC confirment les structures proposées. L’étude des propriétés photophysiques met en évidence l’émission de l’élément lanthanide dans le proche infrarouge ainsi que l'efficacité du processus de transfert d'énergie Ru-Ln qui est facilité par le ligand (2,2'-bipyrimidine). Les mesures de durée de vie et de rendement quantique (ET) pour le transfert d'énergie indiquent des valeurs remarquables comprises entre 30 et 84 %. La valeur du rendement quantique (ET) du complexe d'Yb-RuL, 73,4 %, est à ce jour la plus grande valeur rapportée pour un complexe hétérobimétallique Ru (II)-Yb (III). Le greffage sur différentes matrices de silice, mésoporeuse SiO2 ou dense SiO2 d, a été réalisé. Les nanohybrides SiO2-RuL, SiO2-NdL3 et SiO2-YbL3 ont été obtenus avec des taux de greffage allant de 0,08 à 0,18 mmol de complexe par gramme de silice. SiO2-RuNd et SiO2- RuYb ont été obtenus par greffage simultané des complexes silylés monomères de ruthénium et de lanthanide, des taux de greffage de 0,10 à 0,16 mmol.g-1 ont été obtenus, respectivement. Les rendements quantiques ET de transfert d’énergie des nanohybrides SiO2-RuNd et SiO2-RuYb sont respectivement de 40 and 27,5 %. La valeur remarquable obtenue pour le nanohybride impliquant le néodyme, SiO2-RuNd, s’explique par bonne adéquation entre les niveaux d’énergie du donneur et de l’accepteur. Les nanohybrides SiO2- RuYbL3, SiO2-YbRuL, SiO2d-YbRuL et SiO2-NdRuL ont été obtenus par greffage des complexes silylés hétérobimétallic d-f élaborés dans ce travail, les taux de greffage, de 0,03 à 0,17 mmol.g-1 permettent d’envisager une fonctionnalisation chimique ultérieure de ces nanoobjets. Les propriétés de luminescence de ces nanohybrides sont similaires à celles des complexes non greffés hormis pour SiO2-YbRuL and SiO2d-YbRuL qui présentent des profils de luminescence différents comparés au complexe libre Yb—RuL. Le greffage à l'intérieur des pores de la silice pourrait éviter le processus de désactivation de la luminescent contrairement au greffage sur la matrice de silice dense. Les propriétés photophysiques associées à la morphologie et à la stabilité de la matrice de silice mésoporeuse permettent d’envisager l’utilisation de ces nouveaux nanohybrides luminescents dans le proche infrarouge comme nanosondes ou nanomarqueurs de systèmes biologiques. / The design of heterobimetallic luminescent complexes has gained growing interest in recent years due to their unique photophysical properties. More specifically, the development of heterobimetallic complexes using d-block chromophores to sensitize the near-infrared (NIR) emission of lanthanide complexes (such as Nd(III) and Yb(III)) has received significant attention taking into account their longer emission wavelengths and the interest of the NIR emission which penetrates human tissue more effectively than UV light. These properties give them potential applications in medical diagnostics or biomedical assays. Transitions to excited state levels of transition metal complexes occurring in the visible and characterized by large absorption coefficients, could efficiently sensitize f-f levels of Ln(III) ions. In this work new d-f heterobimetallic complexes containing silylated ligands were prepared supported on silica materials. [Ru(bpy)2(bpmd)]Cl2 (labeled Ru), [Ru(bpy)(bpy-Si)(bpmd)]Cl2 (labeled RuL) and [Ln(TTA-Si)3] (labeled LnL3) and d-f heterobimetallic complexes, Ru—LnL3 and Ln—RuL (Ln = Nd3+, Yb3+) were prepared. Structural characterization was carried out by Raman Scattering, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Results obtained from 1H-13C HMBC and HSQC correlation NMR spectra confirm the formation of proposed complexes. Photophysical properties studies highlight the efficiency of Ru—Ln energy transfer processes in NIR-emitting lanthanide complexes mediated by conjugated bridging ligand (2,2'-bipyrimidine). Lifetime measurements were carried out and values of quantum yield for energy transfer (ET) between 30 and 84 % could be evaluated. ET of 73.4 % obtained for the Yb—RuL complex is the largest value reported for Ru(II)—Yb(III) heterobimetallic complexes so far. Grafting on different silica matrix was also demonstrated. SiO2-Ru, SiO2-NdL3 and SiO2-YbL3 nanohybrids were obtained with grafting efficiencies from 0.08 to 0.18 mmol g-1 of silica. SiO2-RuNd and SiO2-RuYb were performed from simultaneous grafting of ruthenium and lanthanides silylated complexes. Grafting efficiencies from 0.10 to 0.16 were obtained. ET of 40 and 27.5 % were obtained from SiO2-RuNd and SiO2-RuYb, respectively. The higher values observed for the Nd(III) nanohybrid is well explained by the matching of donor and acceptor energy levels. SiO2-RuYbL3, SiO2-YbRuL, SiO2 d-YbRuL and SiO2-NdRuL were carried out from grafting of d-f heterobimetallic silylated complexes. Grafting efficiencies from 0.03 to 0.17 were obtained. Luminescent properties from these nanohybrids were similar to the free complexes. However the SiO2-YbRuL and SiO2 d-YbRuL showed distinct luminescent profiles compared with the free Yb—RuL. The grafting inside the mesoporous channels may prevent luminescent desactivation processes comparing to the dense silica matrix. The photophysical properties associated with the morphology and stability of the mesoporous silica matrix allow suggesting these new NIR luminescent nanohybrids as nanoprobes or nanomarkers in biomedicine.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-04-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:38:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bizari_m_me_araiq_parcial.pdf: 309456 bytes, checksum: 24077b8c1ea6442ef5a57247043d6b06 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-06-25T13:01:26Z: bizari_m_me_araiq_parcial.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-25T13:03:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000718976_20160701.pdf: 293060 bytes, checksum: c2da08c210fa34af5374671c66300405 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-07-01T13:02:17Z: 000718976_20160701.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-01T13:03:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000718976.pdf: 3395812 bytes, checksum: 8f972621a028ad4bb57945757afc70ab (MD5) / O uso de protetores solares para a proteção da pele contra os raios UV emitidos pelo sol está se tornando imprescindível e o estudo tanto de filtros inorgânicos, orgânicos como das suspensões estáveis que constituem os protetores requerem pesquisa acadêmica. Este trabalho tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de novos tipos de filtros solares através da obtenção de complexos metálicos de Zn2+, de Ce3+ e heterobimetálicos de Zn2+ e Ce3+ a fim de utilizá-los na formulação de protetores solares com melhor desempenho no fator de proteção solar (FPS) e com menor irritabilidade. Dentre os diversos filtros orgânicos existentes foi escolhido como ligante o flavonoide quercetina (3,3’,4’,5,7 pentahidroxiflavona), um composto natural que apresenta propriedades bactericidas, antiinflamatórias e antioxidantes, além de absorção intensa na região UVA e UVB do espectro eletromagnético. Os complexos obtidos foram caracterizados por difração de raios X, análises térmica e elementar, espectroscopia vibracional de absorção na região do infravermelho, espectroscopia eletrônica de absorção na região do UV-VIS, espectroscopia de fotoluminescência. Os complexos de Zn2+ com quercetina, denominados de complexo 1 e complexo 2, apresentam interação metal-ligante pelos grupos 4-oxo e 3-OH, e fórmulas mínimas [Zn(Q)(H2O)2] e [Zn(Q)2(H2O)2] respectivamente. O complexo de Ce3+ com quercetina, denominado de complexo 4, apresenta a interação metal-ligante ocorrendo pelos grupos 4-oxo e 5-OH da quercetina e a fórmula mínima [Ce(Q)3(H2O)2]. O complexo heterobimetálico de Zn2+ e Ce3+, complexo H, apresenta fórmula mínima [CeZn(Q)2(H2O)4]Cl com seu espectro UV-VIS sugerindo interação dos centros metálicos com dois grupos principais da molécula de quercetina. A atividade antioxidante desses complexos frente... / The use of sunscreens to protect the skin against UV rays emitted by the sun is becoming crucial and the study of both inorganic and organic filters, as well as stable suspensions which are the sunscreens require academic research. This work aims the development of new types of sunscreens by obtaining metal complexes of Zn2+, Ce3+ and hetero bimetallic complexes of Zn2+ and Ce3+ in order to use them in the sunscreen formulations to provide better performance in sun protection factor (FPS) and less irritability. Among the many existing organic filters it was chosen as ligand the flavonoid quercetin (3, 3', 4', 5,7 pentahidroxiflavone), a natural compound that has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidants, besides intense absorption in the UVA and UVB region of electromagnetic spectrum. The complexes obtained in powder form were characterized by X-ray diffraction, elemental and thermal analyzes, infrared vibrational spectroscopy, electronic absorption in the UV-VIS and photoluminescence spectroscopies. Complexes of Zn2+ with quercetin, designated complex 1 and complex 2 show metal-ligand interaction by the 4-oxo and 3-OH groups, and formulas [Zn(Q)(H2O)2] and [Zn(Q)2(H2O)2] respectively. The complex of Ce3+ with quercetin, called complex 4 shows the metal-ligand interaction by the 4-oxo and 5-OH groups and formula [Ce(Q)3(H2O)2]. The hetero bimetallic complex of Zn2+ and Ce3+ with quercetin, called complex H, presents formula [CeZn(Q)2(H2O)4]Cl and its UV-VIS spectrum suggests interaction of the metal centers with two main groups of quercetin. The antioxidant activity of these complexes against the reactive species and / or free radical ABTS•+, DPPH• , O2• -, HOCl / OCl- and H2O2 is generally superior to the ligand indicating that complexation of quercetin with metals enhances its antioxidant activity. The sunscreen formulation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Le thiosemicarbazide et le 4-méthylthiosemicarbazide réagissent par condensation avec des dérivés benzaldéhyde pour donner des produits de type thiosemicarbazone pouvant jouer le rôle de ligands.Ces derniers peuvent conduire en milieu éthanolique à la formation de divers complexes en réagissant avec des sels métalliques comme les chlorures et/ou bromures de cuivre(II), de nickel(II), de zinc(II), de cobalt(II) et de cadmium(II). La structure de ces ligands et de leurs complexes a été déterminée par spectroscopie infrarouge, par des analyses élémentaires et par cristallographie. Les ligands se présentent tous sous forme thione à l’état solide tandis que les complexes obtenus peuvent revêtir différents états : soit monodentés, mononucléaire ou polynucléaire à deux atomes de soufre provenant du groupement thiosemicarbazone, comme l’étude cristallographique a pu le démontrer, soit bidentés avec des sites decoordination dont l’azote provenant du groupement imine et le soufre du groupement thiol. Les propriétés antifongiques de ces divers composés ont été testées vis-à-vis de champignons pathogènes de l’homme comme Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis et Exophiala dermatitidis. Seuls les complexes avec le cadmium ont montré des activités antifongiques significatives et le ligand de pdiméthylaminobenzaldéhyde thiosemicarbazone a inhibé presque totalement la croissance d’E. dermatitidis / Thiosemicarbazide and 4-methylthiosemicarbazide react with benzaldehyde derivatives by condensation to give different thiosemicarbazone ligands. The latter conduct in ethanolic medium to various complexes by reacting with chlorides and / or bromidesof copper (II), nickel (II), zinc (II), cobalt (II) and cadmium (II). The structures of the ligands and their complexes have been determined mainly by crystallography and by infrared spectroscopy, as well as by elementary analyzes. The ligands are in thion form in solid form.The complexes obtained are either monodentate, mononuclear or polynuclear complexes with two sulfur atoms of the thiosemicarbazone group, such as the determination of the crystal structure has shown either bidentate complexes with coordination sites, imine nitrogen and sulfur of the thio group. Their antifungal properties have been tested against human pathogenic strains: Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and Exophiala dermatitidis. Only thecomplexes with cadmium exhibited significant activities against the fungal species studied and the thiosemicarbazone of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde ligand almost completely inhibited the growth of E. dermatitidis

Orientador: Devaney Ribeiro do Carmo / Resumo: Neste trabalho, novos nanocompósitos híbridos a base de silsesquioxano e nitroprussiato de cobalto e zinco foram preparados, seguindo dois métodos de síntese. Os materiais preparados foram caracterizados empregando diferentes técnicas: Espectroscopia na Região do Infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Espectroscopia Raman, Espectroscopia de Reflectância Difusa UV/Vis, Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN), Difração de Raios-X (DRX), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X (EDX), Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (MET) e Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA). Após a obtenção dos nanocompósitos com complexos metálicos de nitroprussiato (ACCoN e ACZnN), realizou-se um estudo sistemático sobre o comportamento voltamétrico desses materiais, empregando técnicas eletroquímicas, tais como: Voltametria Cíclica (VC) e Voltametria de Pulso Diferencial (VPD), utilizando eletrodos de pasta de grafite. O eletrodo de pasta de grafite contendo ACCoN mostrou-se sensível a concentrações de hidrazina e isoniazida. Já o eletrodo de pasta de grafite contendo ACZnN foi aplicado na detecção de N-acetilcisteína e isoniazida com sucesso. Após os testes de eletro-oxidação catalítica dessas substâncias, realizou-se uma investigação da influência dos principais interferentes, de forma que a interferência observada não se mostrou significativa. Avaliou-se também a recuperação destas substâncias a partir de amostras de água da torneira e urina sint... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In this work, new nanocomposites based on silsesquioxane and cobalt and zinc nitroprusside were prepared, following two synthetic methods. The prepared materials were characterized by different techniques: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy, UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). After obtaining the nanocomposites with metallic nitroprusside complexes, it was carried out a systematic study on the voltammetric behavior of these materials, using electrochemical techniques, such as: Cyclic Voltametry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV), using graphite paste electrodes. The graphite paste electrode containing ACCoN was sensitive to concentrations of hydrazine and isoniazid. The graphite paste electrode containing ACZnN was applied to the detection of N-acetylcysteine and isoniazid, with success. After catalytic electrooxidation tests of these substances, it was investigated the influence of the main interferents, so that the noticed interferences were not significant. Also, it was evaluated the recovery of these substances from samples of tap water and synthetic urine. By this way, the binuclear hybrid nanocomposites formed (ACCoN and ACZnN) are potential candidates for the construction of electrochemical sensors in the hydrazi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / O objetivo deste trabalho à contribuir com o desenvolvimento da quÃmica do sistema Fe-cyclam, atravÃs da sÃntese e caracterizaÃÃo de novos complexos metÃlicos deste sistema com duas classes de ligantes: carboxilados (oxalato e acetato) e ligantes polinitrilados (7,7,8,8 âtetracianoquinodimetano e tetracianoetileno ). AtravÃs da caracterizaÃÃo do complexo cis-[Fe(cyclam)ox]PF6 por infravermelho foi possÃvel identificar que o ligante oxalato encontra-se coordenado ao centro metÃlico de forma bidentada, bem como garantir que o ligante macrocÃclico cyclam continua na esfera de coordenaÃÃo do metal. O potencial formal de meia onda do processo redox Fe3+/2+ do complexo foi observado em â39mV vs Ag/AgCl. O potencial observado encontra-se deslocado 240mV para menores valores em relaÃÃo ao complexo precursor, favorecendo ao estado de oxidaÃÃo Fe3+ do metal, devido ao maior efeito σ doador do ligante oxalato frente aos cloretos. O espectro UV-Vis do complexo cisâ[Fe(cyclam)ox]PF6, em meio aquoso, apresentou trÃs bandas: 229nm, atribuÃda a uma transiÃÃo intraligante do cyclam, 293nm e 357nm, atribuÃdas à transferÃncia de carga de orbitais π do ligante para o orbitais dπ* do metal. Os experimentos fotoquÃmicos demonstraram a grande sensibilidade do complexo à luz, sendo observado a labilizaÃÃo do ligante oxalato da esfera de coordenaÃÃo do metal, e a reatividade da espÃcie formada atravÃs da obtenÃÃo do complexo trans-[Fe(cyclam)acet2]PF6, AtravÃs do estudo de Raio-X, obtido a partir do cristal do complexo trans-[Fe(cyclam)acet2]PF6, foi possÃvel comprovar o modo de coordenaÃÃo das duas molÃculas de acetato na posiÃÃo trans, bem como a identificaÃÃo da disposiÃÃo do cyclam no plano da molÃcula atravÃs de um arranjo conformacional trans-III. Os espectros no infravermelho dos complexos cis - [Fe(cyclam)(TCNX)Cl]Cl, onde TCNX representa os ligantes TCNQ ou TCNE, apresentaram um maior nÃmero de bandas referentes aos estiramentos CN, comparativamente aos ligantes livres, confirmando a alteraÃÃo da simetria do ligante causada pela coordenaÃÃo do metal. Com base nos deslocamentos destas freqÃÃncias para menores valores, comparativamente ao ligante livre, foi possÃvel identificar que os ligantes TCNQ e TCNE estÃo coordenados em sua forma radicalar, estado de oxidaÃÃo â1, sugerindo assim a ocorrÃncia de um processo de transferÃncia de elÃtrons do centro metÃlico, previamente reduzido (Fe2+), para os ligantes TCNX. Os potenciais redox dos Ãtomos de ferro, nos complexos com os ligantes polinitrialados TCNQ (693mV vs ENH) e TCNE (854mV vs ENH), foram deslocados para potenciais mais positivos, comparativamente ao observado no complexo precursor cis-[Fe(cyclam)Cl2]Cl (405mV vs ENH), indicando assim um forte deslocamento de densidade eletrÃnica dπ para os orbitais de simetria π dos ligantes TCNX. Os processos centrados nos ligantes coordenados ficaram mais prÃximos do que nos ligantes livres, indicando uma diminuiÃÃo na barreira de transferÃncia de elÃtrons, que segundos dados da literatura leva a uma melhor conduÃÃo elÃtrica. Os espectros eletrÃnicos dos complexos, em meio aquoso, apresentaram uma banda localizada em baixa energia, atribuÃda a transferÃncias de carga do tipo LMCT dos orbitais pπ das molÃculas de TCNX, para os orbitais dπ* do Ãon Fe3+. No complexo com o ligante TCNQ, esta banda aparece em 764nm e no complexo com o ligante TCNE, em 861nm. Observa-se ainda nos dois complexos a presenÃa das bandas referentes Ãs transiÃÃes LMCT dos cloretos para o Ãon Fe3+ em regiÃes muito prÃximas, em 557 no complexo com TCNE e em 568nm no complexo com TCNQ. A presenÃa desta banda novamente sugere a presenÃa do Ferro no estado oxidado (Fe+3). / The main objective of this work is to contribute with the chemistry of the system Fe-Cyclam through the synthesis and characterization of complexes with carboxylate ligants, acetate and oxalate, and polinitrilate ligands, 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). The infrared spectra of the cis-[Fe(cyclam)ox]PF6 complex allowed to identify the coordination of the oxalate ligand to the iron metal in a bidentate mode as well as to suggest the presence of the macrocycle in the coordination sphere of the metal. The redox potential of the complex was observed at â39mV vs Ag/AgCl. The potential is dislocated 240mV for more positive potential when compared to that observed for the precursor complex cis-[Fe(cyclamCl2]Cl. This effect can be attributed to the stronger σ effect of the oxalate ligand when compared to the chlorine. The UV-Vis spectra of the complex, presented three bands: 229nm, attributed to a cyclam intraligand transition and the bands 293nm and 357nm, referring to ligand to metal electronic transfer from π orbitals of the oxalate to dπ* of the metal. The photochemical experiments proved the great sensibility of the complex to the light presence, being observed the reactivity effect of the complex formed after the light exposition by the formation of the trans-[Fe(cyclam)acet2]PF6 complex. Through the Ray-X obtained of the crystal of the trans-[Fe(cyclam)acet2]PF6 complex was possible to identify the coordination of two molecules of acetate at the trans position, as well as to identify the disposition of the cyclam ligand on the plane in a trans-III arrange. The infrared spectrum of the complexes cis - [Fe(cyclam)(TCNX)Cl]Cl, where the TCNX represent the ligands TCNQ and TCNE, present a great number of bands referring to the νCN, when compared with the ligands not coordinated, confirming the symetry changed induced by the metal coordination. Through the wavenumber variation of these bands was possible to identify that the TCNQ and TCNE ligands are coordinated in your radical way, oxidation state â1, suggestion this way the occurrence of a electron transfer from the iron, previously reduced (Fe+2), to the TCNX ligands. The redox potentials of the iron metals in the complexes with the polinitrilate ligands TCNQ (693mV vs ENH) and TCNE (854mV vs ENH) were dislocated for more positive potentials, when compared to the cis-[Fe(cyclam)Cl2]Cl precursor complex (405mV vs ENH), indicating the occurrence of an electronic density transfer to the TCNX molecules. The two potentials of the ligands on the complexes were closer than the ligands not coordinated, this approximation of the potential indicate a decrease of the inner electron transfer. The electronic spectra of the complexes, showed bands in the low energy region, attributed to a charge transfer LMCT, from the TCNX pπ orbital to the metal dπ* orbital. In the cis-[Fe(cyclam)(TCNQ)Cl]Cl complex, the band was observed at 764nm while in the complex with the TCNE ligand this band was observed at 861nm. Also, the complexes presented bands at 557nm (TCNE complex) and 568nm (TCNQ complex)referring to the LMCT transitions from the chlorine atoms to the iron metal reinforcing the assignment of the (Fe+3) oxidation state for the metal center.

Le travail de recherche présenté dans ce mémoire, concerne la synthèse et l'étude des propriétés de coordination du 64Cu par une nouvelle famille de ligands acycliques de type polyaminophosphonatés à fort potentiel en imagerie médicale, en particulier pour la tomographie par émission de positron TEP. Ce sujet a nécessité l'utilisation de méthodes analytiques telles que la potentiométrie, la spectrophotométrie et la spectrométrie de masse en mode electrospray pour les études thermodynamiques et des techniques de cinétique rapide a écoulement bloqué pour la détermination des vitesses de formation et de dissociation des complexes de Cu(II).Nous avons synthétisé quatre ligands (L1-L4) qui forment des complexes de formule CuL de forte stabilité et avec une bonne sélectivité pour le Cu(II) par rapport à d'autres métaux tels que Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II) et Ga(III). La cinétique de complexation de Cu(II) s'est avérée rapide et elle suit un mécanisme à caractère dissociatif de type Eigen-Wilkins. Les complexes CuL formés avec cette série de ligand se caractérisent par une bonne inertie cinétique vis-à-vis de la démétallation et ils sont capables d'être réduit en présence de réducteurs biologiques tout en restant stables.Les complexes de lanthanides formés avec cette série de ligands sont très stables en milieu physiologique, en particulier ceux formés avec le ligand L1. Les complexes GdL1, GdL2 et GdL3 révèlent des relaxivités très intéressantes qui les désignent comme de futurs agents de contraste à fort potentiel en IRM.Le ligand L1 tetraphosphonaté a été fonctionnalisé par la présence de groupement réactif ce qui a permit le marquage de biomolécules, dont l'anticorps B28-13 anticorps anti-tenascineC pour la détection de tumeurs cancéreuses. / The research work presented in this report, concerns the synthesis and the study of the coordination properties of the 64Cu by new acyclic chelators for PET imaging.We have synthesized four ligands (L1-L4) based on a pyridine scaffold, functionnalized by a varying number of methanephosphonate functions. A combination of potentiometry, spectrophotometry and electrospay mass spectrometry was used to study the coordination properties of Cu(II) with this ligands. The kinetic studies of the formation and dissociation of Cu(II) complexes have been carried out with stopped-flow techniques.L1 was shown to display a very high affinity towards Cu(II) and selectivity over Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II) and Ga(III). The chelation of the Cu(II) by the four ligands is fast and efficient and it follows a dissociative Eigen-Wilkins mechanism.The complexes of lanthanides formed with this series of ligands are very stable in physiological conditions in particular those formed with L1. The complexes GdL1, GdL2 and GdL3 show a very high relaxivity which pointed them as potential contrast agents for MRI.The ligand L1 was activated by a side chain containing a reactive NHS carbamate function in the para position of the pyridine. The labeling was further performed on B28-13, a mouse monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing tenascin-C protein in human cancer.

Ce travail de thèse est principalement centré sur l’étude des processus photophysiques fondamentaux de nouveaux composés organiques à transfert de charge dérivés de styrylpyridine, réalisée grâce à des mesures de fluorescence résolue en temps à l’échelle picoseconde et d’absorption transitoire à l’échelle femtoseconde. Nous nous sommes tout d’abord intéressés au comportement des états excités de deux nouvelles hémicyanines. Les molécules de diméthoxystyrylpyridine méthylées ont montré l’établissement d’un équilibre entre les conformations syn et anti différent à l’état excité comparé à l’état fondamental, représenté par un temps de décroissance rapide de fluorescence. La deuxième constante de temps correspond à la dépopulation de l’état excité par les voies non radiatives telles que l’isomérisation et le twist du donneur de charge (effet « loose-bolt »). Concernant le dérivé de styrylpyridinium où le groupement phényl a été remplacé par diméthlaminothiophene, nos études ont prouvé l’implication du mouvement de rotation du groupement méthylpyridinium ainsi que l’intervention du croisement inter-système comme voies de relaxation. Dans un second temps, nous nous sommes penchés sur les propriétés de complexation de la molécule de styrylpyridine sur laquelle a été substitué un éther-couronne. Nos études nous ont permis de mettre en évidence la présence de deux centres de complexation (un au centre de la couronne, l’autre sur l’azote de la pyridine) montrant une sélectivité différente vis-à-vis des cations métalliques. Les stoechiométries ont pu être confirmées par une analyse des temps de réorientation des complexes formés. Après avoir étudié les divers composés constituant des « briques » élémentaires en vue de systèmes supramoléculaires plus élaborés, nous nous sommes intéressés à leurs éventuelles applications avec l’étude de systèmes pour la collecte et le transfert d’énergie. Nous avons tout d’abord démontré l’existence d’un transfert d’énergie ultra-rapide (180 fs à 6 ps) et ultra-efficace (>99.7%) dans des systèmes bichromophoriques contenant deux styrylpyridines avec un éther-couronne et asymétrisés par l’introduction d’un cation Mg2+ dans une seule couronne. Celui-ci se fait de la partie complexée vers la partie non complexée par interaction coulombienne. Une autre application envisagée réside dans la construction de complexes à métaux de transition pour le stockage d’énergie ou le stockage d’information. Nous avons tout d’abord étudié la formation d’un système supramoléculaire basé sur le phénanthroline et contenant quatre éther-couronnes libres. Nous avons mis en évidence l’existence d’un équilibre entre états singulets et triplets excités dans ces composés complexés avec Cuivre(I) ou Argent(I). Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié la formation de complexes liant deux bipyridines substitués contenant un éther-couronne à un ion Fe2+. Un tel complexe présente des propriétés de transition de spin BS?HS. Nos études ont ensuite révélé la formation de complexes à métaux de transition de taille nanométrique lors de l’ajout d’ions Ba2+. / This Ph.D. work mainly deals with the study of fundamental photophysical processes of new styrylpyridine-type organic compounds showing charge transfer, realised using picosecond fluorescence and femtosecond transient absorption. We were interested first in the excited-state behaviour of two new hemicyanines. Methylated dimethoxystyrylpyridines molecules showed the establishment of an equilibrium between syn and anti conformations which is different in the excited state compared to the ground state, represented by a fast relaxation time of fluorescence. The second time constant corresponds to depopulation of the the excited state by non-radiative pathways as isomerization and donor twist (« loose-bolt »). Concerning styrylpyridinium derivative where phenyl group was replaced by dimethylaminothiophene, our studies proved involvment of rotation of methylpyridinium group and intersystem crossing as relaxation pathways. Secondly, we were interested in complexation properties of ether-crown susbstituted styrylpyridine molecule. Our studies showed the presence of two complexation centers (one in the center of the crown, the other one on the nitrogen of pyridine) having a different selectivity for metallic cations. Stoichiometries were confirmed by analysis of the reorientation times of formed complexes. After the study of our different compounds as elementary « building–blocks » for more complex supramolecular systems, we were interested in their potential applications with the study of systems for collection and energy transfer. First, we highlighted the existence of an ultra fast (180 fs to 6 ps) and ultra efficient (>99.7%) intramolecular energy transfer in bichromophoric systems containing two ether-crowned styrylpyridines and dissymetrised by binding of a Mg2+ cation in only one crown. It occurs from the complexed part to the non-complexed one by coulombic interaction. Another envisaged application can be the construction of complexes containing transition metals for energy or information storage. We studied first the building of a supramolecular system based on phenanthroline and containing four free ether-crowns We also proved that there exists an equilibrium between singlet and triplet excited states in these compounds complexed with Copper(I) or Silver(I). Secondly, we studied formation of complexes binding two ether-crown substituted bipyridines to a Fe2+ ion. Such a complex has got some spin crossover properties. Then, we showed that the addition of Ba2+ ions induce formation of transition metals complexes with nanometric size.