Cette thèse porte sur les traductions anglaises des Maximes de La Rochefoucauld et explore par ce prisme les propriétés linguistiques, pragmatiques et stylistiques de ces énoncés autonomes que sont les aphorismes. Notre étude compare la maxime à d’autres types d’aphorismes tels que les proverbes, adages, dictons et autres mots d’esprit que l’on trouve aussi dans la littérature anglophone. Une réflexion sur la forme des maximes est menée au travers de deux approches. L’une, contrastive, compare la version originale du livre de La Rochefoucauld à huit de ses versions anglaises. Une analyse des écarts entre formulations françaises et anglaises permet d’éclairer l’existence d’une vision très différente de l’aphorisme entre les deux langues. Ces conceptions de la maxime divergent du point de vue de la rhétorique mais aussi de la réception. L’autre approche est génétique : nous nous penchons sur l’élaboration de l’œuvre au travers d’une étude des variantes des maximes que nous livrent les manuscrits et la correspondance de l’auteur. Nous en tirons la conclusion que l’écriture des maximes est circonscrite par des contraintes énonciatives et grammaticales bien précises, qui confèrent aux énoncés autonomie discursive et statut citationnel. On peut ainsi considérer que La Rochefoucauld s’est attaché à approcher un canon aphoristique dont les proportions et les mesures sont à rattacher à la longue tradition littéraire des formes brèves. Ces considérations font la lumière sur les démarches très variées et parfois surprenantes des traducteurs (versification, narrativisation, proverbialisation…). / This dissertation deals with the English translations of La Rochefoucauld’s Maxims in order to address the question of the linguistic, pragmatic and stylistic properties of the autonomous sentences referred to as aphorisms. My study carries out a comparison of the literary form of the maxim with other types of aphorisms such as proverbs, adages, sayings and sentences associated with the English tradition of wit. The formal features of maxims are analysed through a twofold approach. First, the translations of La Rochefoucauld’s sentences are studied in contrast: eight different English versions of the book are compared with the French original. The differences between both idioms’ wordings of such particular sentences point to very different conceptions of aphorisms as far as their use and structure are concerned. These conceptions differ in terms of rhetoric but also in terms of reception. Secondly, heed is paid to the very elaboration of the Maxims through a study of the book’s numerous variants that survived in the form of manuscripts and letters. The conclusion that is drawn sheds light on enunciative and grammatical constraints that define how maxims are written, giving the latter discursive autonomy and status of quotation. La Rochefoucauld’s work may thus be considered to be an attempt at reaching the perfection of an aphoristic canon, the proportions and features of which are to be linked to the ancient tradition of brevity in literature. These considerations contribute to explain and justify the very diverse, even sometimes surprising approaches of English translators since versified, dramatised or proverbialised versions are attested.

Introduced in French Salons as a parlor game, the literary portrait appears in mid Seventeenth-Century. It is similar to the literary portraits inserted in Roman à clé but it does not hide the identity of the subject behind a pseudonym, it depicts the individual as is. In a self-portrait subjects look at, observe, evaluate then describe themselves. They offer themselves to the gaze of others and propose a true reading of what they are. The self-portrait attempts to harmonize the appearance and the inner being, to render visible the essence of the person. However, in the Seventeenth Century, people reinvent themselves, and the answer to the question "who am I?" changes under the gaze of a sophisticated society where everyone must play the role assigned by their class and their gender. The nobility and the cultured elite want to be a work of art; the art of pleasing, the art of conversation, the art of story telling, and also the art of knowing others. Everything is hyperbole: nobles are gods and goddesses-when they are not fairies-and life is a vast performance where self-image and representation are tirelessly adjusted because the observer is looking to catch what is behind the façade. At court or in Salons, gazes interpret more than what is on display because they observe signs: body language and facial expressions convey feelings visibly and communicate them better than words. Charles Le Brun, painter of the Court of Louis XIV, stated that the face is not the mirror of the soul but the readable expression of passions. This study examines literary and artistic representations of three representative individuals: Mademoiselle de Montpensier, the Duc de La Rochefoucauld, and the Cardinal de Retz, with the intention of demonstrating that, for the Seventeenth-Century, the portrait is the place where the conflict between "the inner being" and "appearances", the discomfort of the visible and the veiled, and also the uneasy co-existence of honnêteté and amour-propre, converged.

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Langue et littérature françaises : Lyon 3 : 2004. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.

This dissertation reads Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) as a reader of two French moralists--Francois de la Rocbefoucauld (1613-80) and Sebastien Roch Nicolas Chamfort (1741-94). The works of Nietzsche's middle period are studied--Human, All too Human (1879), and Daybreak (1881) and The Gay Science (1882). The study argues that reading Nietzsche as a descendant of and dissenter from the moralist tradition sheds new light on his thought and brings certain concepts into focus. The key concepts and questions explored are: morality, egoism, vanity and self-love, pity and its cognate emotions, friendship, aristocracy, honour, women, marriage and gender relations. Throughout the dissertation the impact that reading the moralists had on Nietzsche's style is also examined. It is argued that a concern with justice is the 'basso continuo' of the middle period, continuously present and working itself out in the background of these texts. Furthermore, one of the innovative ways Nietzsche expresses this concern is via spatial metaphors.

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Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-06-06T13:47:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ConceitoPsicologiaHumano.pdf: 1376012 bytes, checksum: 58986242e794711b24f64296b4216e5b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-06-12T12:05:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ConceitoPsicologiaHumano.pdf: 1376012 bytes, checksum: 58986242e794711b24f64296b4216e5b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T12:05:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ConceitoPsicologiaHumano.pdf: 1376012 bytes, checksum: 58986242e794711b24f64296b4216e5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-14 / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo explorar o conceito de psicologia tal como apresentado em Humano, demasiado humano. A formulação deste conceito encontra-se intimamente ligada ao projeto filosófico nietzscheano de filosofia histórica inaugurado em 1878. Este empreendimento critica a filosofia tradicional a partir do conhecimento científico, que volta a ser valorizado a partir da obra de 1878. A psicologia elaborada por Nietzsche distancia-se daquela elaborada pela metafísica, pois o filósofo parte de pressupostos diferentes da tradição ao rejeitar a dualidade corpo/alma e a supremacia do inteligível sobre o sensível, ao atribuir importância maior ao sensível. Importantíssimo, também, é a amizade iniciada com Paul Rée que apresentará os moralistas franceses do século XVII e XVIII ao filósofo alemão. O duque de La Rochefoucauld, um desses pensadores franceses, é fundamental para elaboração de suas “observações psicológicas”, assim como os estudos sobre fisiologia, intensificados a partir de então. Sendo assim, a análise psicológica é necessária para denunciar os ideais, teóricos, práticos e estéticos como ficções humanas, demasiadas humanas. / The present work aims to explore the concept of psychology as presented in Human, all too human. The formulation of this concept is closely linked to the Nietzschean philosophical project of historical philosophy inaugurated in 1878. This enterprise criticizes the traditional philosophy based on scientific knowledge, which is again valued from the work of 1878. The psychology elaborated by Nietzsche departs from that elaborated by metaphysics, since the philosopher starts from different presuppositions of the tradition when rejecting the body/soul duality and the supremacy of the intelligible over the sensible, when attaching greater importance to the sensitive. Most important, too, is the friendship begun with Paul Rée that will present the French moralists of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to the German philosopher. The Duke of La Rochefoucauld, one of these French thinkers, is fundamental for the elaboration of his "psychological observations", as well as the studies on physiology, intensified thereafter. Thus, psychological analysis is necessary to denounce ideals, theoretical, practical and aesthetic as human fictions, too human.

Although the Maximes as we know them are the original work of the duc of La Rochefoucauld, Jacques Esprit and Mme de Sable contributed to the first versions of the text. At one time, the three friends even talked of regrouping their contributions in one volume. However, little by little, the "common collection" seems to contain only the reflexions of La Rochefoucauld, and Mme de Sable and Jacques Esprit decide to become writers in their own right. So, while the marquise chooses also to write "maximes", Esprit prefers a moral treatise on the falseness of human vertus, La Faussete des vertus humaines. Having become writers, Esprit and Mme de Sable nonetheless produce second-rate works, while only La Rochefoucauld produces the masterpiece known as the Maximes. Our study traces the phenomenon of the artistic literary work which emerges from what began as a collective effort. Through a historical, thematic and stylistic approach, we establish different elements which contribute to the fundamental originality of La Rochefoucauld's Maximes.

Orientador : / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-28T17:36:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monteiro_PedroMeira_D.pdf: 52519703 bytes, checksum: e0eb3c28c31dfa2006d5c6b109592fbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 / Résumé: Voici une enquête sur Ia présence des maximes de La Rochefoucauld dans Ia Constituição moral, e deveres do cidadão (1824-1825), de José da Silva Lisboa. La thêse expose le croisement de deux textes dont les significations s' éc1airent par l'intervention moralisatrice de l'auteur brésilien, qui ne voit dans les maximes qu'une "morale mondaine", contre laquelle il va opposer sa propre "morale chrétienne". Lisboa aura assez bien compris le fond sombre sur lequel est dressé l' empire de l' amour-propre, de telle façon que son message civilisateur va offrir une sorte de contre-poison pour Ia littérature haissable du duc moraliste. Aussi aura-t-il construit l'idéal de Ia nouvelle civilisation brésilienne, en l'érigeant contre Ia machine infernale des passions, qu'il va identifier soit dans les ruines laissées par Ia Révolution, soit dans les ruines de Ia nature humaine, toute plongée dans Ia tromperie et dans l'illusion des vertus, si l' on entend les maximes du XVIr siecle / Resumo: Tem-se aqui uma pesquisa sobre a presença das máximas de La Rochefoucauld na Constituição moral, e deveres do cidadão (1824-1825), de José da Silva Lisboa. A tese procura expor o cruzamento de dois textos cujas significações se esclarecem por meio da intervenção moralizadora do autor brasileiro, que vê, nas máximas francesas, a "moral mundana", contra a qual oporá sua própria "moral cristã". Lisboa terá tão bem compreendido o fundo sombrio sobre o qual se desenha o império do amor-próprio, que sua mensagem civilizadora terminará por oferecer uma espécie de contra-veneno para a literatura odiosa do duque moralista. Assim sendo, terá ele imaginado o ideal de uma nova civilização brasileira, erigindo-se contra a máquina infernal das paixões, que identifica ora nas ruínas deixadas pela Revolução, ora nas ruínas da natureza humana, mergulhada no engano e na ilusão das virtudes, se dermos ouvidos às máximas do século XVll / Doutorado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Doutor em Teoria e História Literária

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