Under digital convergence, the market structure has changed which cause the traditional market definition is no longer applicable. Many industries and firms have take action of cross-industry M&A and integration. In contrast, regulations and ¡§new¡¨ market definition has not appeared which cause antitrust authorities deal with the case of the M&A under digital convergence has no quantitative tools. Our study has found that the market structure under digital convergence almost is two-sided market and multi-sided market, so we use the modified Critical Loss Analysis which Evans and Noel (2008) proposed to be the market definition tool under digital convergence. Subsequently, we use the merger case of TFN media and Kbro to do empirical analysis. By the empirical results, we find out that the relevant market of cable TV has to expand. The IPTV and online play will be the competitive product that the market structure of cable TV will be changed radically. Under digital convergence, market definition may not precisely than traditional, but it still could provide antitrust authorities an effective quantitative evidence, and with the economic theory of qualitative analysis which could make policy analysis more integrity.

This research discussed the influence between directors and supervisors and the separation of ownership and control toward enterprise value according to the convergence of interest hypothesis and the entrenchment of interest hypothesis. The result indicated that, from 2003 to 2008, directors and supervisors¡¦ shareholding ratio and chair ratio of Taiwanese listed information service corporations had a negative relation with enterprise value. The shareholding ratio of substantial shareholders had a positive relation with enterprise value ¡V the shareholding ratio of directors and supervisors had the convergence and the entrenchment of interest effect on enterprise value. The more cash-flow rights the control shareholders owned, the higher the enterprise value was. When we used specific percentage to discuss the nonlinear relation between equity transparency and enterprise value, we discovered that the nonlinear relation between Proxy Q and the separation of ownership and control did not exist. However, there existed a ¡§W-shaped¡¨ nonlinear relation when the dependent variable was ROA or ROE. It can explain that the implementation of corporate governance on enterprise value has a certain degree of influence. Nonetheless, whether the effect is good or bad depends on what role one plays in the enterprise.

Under the influence of digital technology and deregulation of media, cross-media groups are formed in communications industry, which integrate the content of different media by the means of knowledge management in order to achieve the purpose to lower the cost and synergy. The purpose of this research is to set up the model of knowledge management which is suitable for communications industry, and evaluating the barriers may confront in the process of knowledge management. Arthur Andersen Business Consulting extracts five key factors in knowledge management: training, leadership, culture, technology and measurement, and the media feature is added to form the structure of this research. The participants of this study is the ¡§editor's platform¡¨ in Eastern Broadcasting, the employees and mid-management in TV news department, wed news department and broadcasting news department. With the methodology of sequential mixed method designs, the questionnaire is designed by the results of interviews. The structure of the questionnaire is based on the Arthur Andersen Knowledge Management Assessment Tool (KMAT), the participants are asked to evaluating the importance and performance of each item, to know the ability of knowledge management by six factors (training, culture, leadership, media's features, technology and measurement), helping the organization to understand the efficiency of knowledge management. The result of this study shows that the staff emphasize on the factor training, the measurement on the contrast; the technology factor is considered to be best performance, while the leadership part is the worst one. In the barriers of knowledge management, shows that the case company has not promoted the whole knowledge management yet at present; in editor¡¦s platform section, shows though staff clasp negative view to editor¡¦s platform, but there is not apparent improvement. The suggestions of this research is to emphasize on the exchange of tacit knowledge, set up the style of leadership from lower to upper, set up cross-media work group as an experiment, change the information platform interface into a window interface, and interact with staff to set up the index that the measurement of knowledge management.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the sufficiency of Turkey for joining the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (EMU) in terms of similarity and convergence. The study has been conducted in a comparative and descriptive way. First, the similarity and convergence of Turkey to some selected countries are examined with respect to her macroeconomic position. When taking EMU as a benchmark and comparing the convergence of Turkey with the convergence of some of the countries and country groups, it is found that the macroeconomic deficiencies of Turkey are not in an extent that characterizes Turkey as a totally insufficient candidate for EMU. Next, whether there are similarity and convergence in trade structures of Turkey and the European Union of 15 member states (EU15) for the period between 1995 and 2008 is inspected. The results indicated that Turkish export structure is clearly converging to the export structure of EU15 in the course of time. In general, findings of the thesis indicated that there is mostly a continuous convergence in all of the indicators considered but still Turkey does not meet all of the convergence criteria, perfectly. Therefore, as a result of the examinations, some suggestions have been made which would facilitate EMU membership of Turkey.

This thesis investigates the relation between trade and convergence for Turkey and EU-15 in the period 1980-2008. The countries and time period are selected because Turkey has intensive trade relation with EU-15, and these economies had experienced conversion in their economic structures and adopted liberal economic policies, as well as liberal trade policies in this period. Using panel data methods two equations are estimated / an income dispersion equation for the impact of bilateral trade on per capita income differences and a gravity model of trade for the impact of per capita income differences on bilateral trade. Overall findings of this study give strong evidence for the hypothesis that trade causes convergence, whereas weaker support for the thesis that convergence causes trade.

The main objective of this thesis is to propose a new perspective in terms of the convergence debate as it is discussed in varieties-of-capitalism (VoC) literature. The initial configuration of VoC stance as well as a part of the literature foresees the convergence of hybrids to a liberal market economy. By revisiting the core arguments of national-systems-of-innovation approach as well as the elaborations of the various critiques of VoC stance, we will propose the opposite. If we are to take &lsquo / innovation&rsquo / as a starting-point of analysis and favor government intervention with respect to it, hybrids are more likely to converge to a political economy that resembles more a coordinated-one. However the meanings of the key terms such as &lsquo / coordinated-market-economy&rsquo / and &lsquo / convergence&rsquo / will be re-evaluated to be able to provide an adequate standpoint in terms of the convergence debate.

In this paper, we establish several strong convergence results of general approximate proximal algorithm and general Bregman-function-based approximate proximal algorithm for solving the generalized variational inequality problem with pseudomonotone multifunction.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the problem of finding a common element of the set of solutions of a generalized equilibrium problem (for short, GEP) and the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping in a Hilbert space. First, by using the well-known KKM technique we derive the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the auxiliary problems for the GEP. Second, on account of this result and Nadler's theorem, we introduce an iterative scheme by the viscosity approximation method for finding a common element of the set of solutions of the GEP and the set of fixed points of the nonexpansive mapping. Furthermore, it is proven that the sequences generated by this iterative scheme converge strongly to a common element of the set of solutions of the GEP and the set of fixed points of the nonexpansive mapping.

Recently, there has been a global trend among the telecommunication industry on the rapid deployment of IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) infrastructure and services. While the industry rushes into the IPTV era, the comprehensive understanding of the status and dynamics of IPTV network lags behind. Filling this gap requires in-depth analysis of large amounts of measurement data across the IPTV network. One type of the data of particular interest is device or system log, which has not been systematically studied before. In this dissertation, we will explore the possibility of utilizing system logs to serve a wide range of IPTV network management purposes including health monitoring, troubleshooting and performance evaluation, etc. In particular, we develop a tool to convert raw router syslogs to meaningful network events. In addition, by analyzing set-top box (STB) logs, we propose a series of models to capture both channel popularity and dynamics, and users' activity on the IPTV network.

<p>The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued a Roadmap in 2008 regarding a change in the American accounting standards system. The Roadmap proposes a potential adoption from the United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The objective with the adoption is to enhance a one-set of accounting standards used in the world in order to increase comparability between public limited companies in different jurisdictions. With the adoption, the valuation of inventories for American companies will change, since the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) method is allowed under US GAAP, but not under IFRS. A study from 2008 shows that approximately 36 per cent of American public limited companies is using LIFO. They would therefore be forced to use another inventory valuation method, such as First-In, First-Out (FIFO). The LIFO method is normally used by companies exposed to inflation and increases the cost of goods sold (COGS) and consequently lowers the net income and income tax provision. With the potential adoption, these companies would face large increases of income tax provisions, which would affect them severely.</p><p>This thesis is a review study with the objective to connect recent research with the SEC Roadmap in order to answer the following research questions: How will US companies that are using LIFO be affected by the inventory valuation change to FIFO, from an economic and accounting-based approach? What are the positive and negative aspects with a removal of LIFO regarding the IFRS adoption?</p><p>There is a clear benefit for the US companies using LIFO regarding the smaller income tax provisions. Opponents consider that LIFO will disappear with the US adoption to IFRS. At the same time, recent research considers or doubts that the LIFO method will not face its death with the adoption from US GAAP to IFRS. As a conclusion, the negative effect of removing LIFO as a consequence of this adoption, is the implementation time period, which is too optimistic. Even though, the credibility with a shift from LIFO to FIFO will grow stronger and create a more comparable business world.</p>