Previous research shows that foreign-born women make up the group with the lowest employment rate in Sweden and face immense challenges in the Swedish labor market. The purpose of this study is to investigate foreign-born women's own experiences of the Swedish labor market. We specifically focused on investigating the ways in which gender and ethnicity play part in the way foreign-born women experience their possibilities in the Swedish labor market. To achieve the purpose of the study, we have chosen to conduct a qualitative study based on seven qualitative semi-structured interviews with foreign-born women living in Sweden. The study's theoretical framework is based on the intersectional perspective with gender and ethnicity as analytical categories. The results of the study show that foreign-born women's experiences of the Swedish labor market are affected by their gender and ethnicity, but also by the interaction of these factors. Furthermore, the results show that foreign-born women are motivated by having a job and see it as a driving force to achieve equality with their male partners and mainstream society.

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The gender inequality in the labor market has long been a discussed and studied topic, and today it is acknowledged that women are discriminated against and face disadvantages in earnings compared to men. This study aims to further investigate if immigrant women face additional earnings differentials due to their ethnicity, more specifically in the Norwegian labor market. By using census data on incomes from a 2019 wave in Norway, this dissertation runs two separate regressions including variables based on diverse socio-demographic characteristics to estimate the regression. Results show that there are evident differences in wages for being a woman and being an immigrant, as the first regression gives statistically significant evidence of negative correlations between logarithmic income and the variables gender and immigrational status. In order to answer the research question an interaction variable is added. The interaction variable, female*immigr, gives statistically significant results in the second regression. The positive estimate of the interaction variable between being a female and being an immigrant implies that immigrant women actually have a smaller disadvantage than native women regarding the gender wage gap of wage earnings. This estimate proves the opposite of our hypothesis and previous research. Furthermore, male immigrants tend to show a greater wage disadvantage than immigrant women. When separating the regression by gender and adding new variables, the outcome implies that men’s wages are more positively affected by being married compared to women. Women on the other hand are more positively affected by educational level. However, women face a larger disadvantage if also being immigrants when moving up the educational ladder, while men practically keep a constant correlation regardless of educational level. The findings from this dissertation moreover provides support for the notion of discrimination on wages as an important factor behind gender differentials in the Norwegian labor market.

Abstract In general, language is the key to the community, to self-sufficiency and independence. Being able to speak the Swedish language is a part of the community integration. Integration also has a practical aspect that includes everyday life and affects one's opportunities in the labor market. Therefore, we have selected in this paper to focus on the language and integration but inevitably we will also discuss the education you need on the labor market. The purpose of this study is to describe how the staffs at the Language Café Nobel works for an increased integration in Malmo, and examine the significance of Language Café Nobel have for their participants. In order to fulfil the purpose we used a qualitative method, which involves semi-structured interviews and participant observations. To interpret and gain a deeper understanding of the informants' answers, we used a hermeneutical approach as an analysis method. Based on informant’s answers, the results showed that Language Café Nobel has helped them to develop their communicative Swedish language, which has made their life become easier. For some, the information from Language café has been beneficial for the participants because it has led to integration into the society. This shows that the Language Café Nobel is working for a better integration in Malmo.

The Swedish labour market is one of the most gender segregated in Europe, and despite the extensive legislation on gender equality and discrimination, the health gap between working women and working men are continually increasing. This thesis has two purposes. First, to analyse how the work-related health gap between women dominated workplaces and maledominated workplaces are challenged, problematized and/or consolidated through workenvironment policy discourses. Second, to analyse health experiences from preschool professionals and eventual effects on this group created by the policy representations. The analytical tools have mainly been provided through a WPR-approach and the material has been policy documents and interviews with preschool professionals. The results show that there is an inconsistency with how the problem is formulated and who is thought to be responsible for the problem in between the policy levels. Also, the problem representations had effects on the preschool professionals who were caught in between rationalities. Finally, the results confirm policy as a product of social, political and historical context as well as its ability to shape identities and expand or restrict the room for manoeuvre of groups and individuals.

A growing body of research has examined over-education as a mechanism of post-employment inequality between immigrants and natives in host-country labor markets. Despite the growing share of high-skilled female migrants globally and their persistent disadvantages in labor market outcomes, male immigrants have been the focus of this literature. Addressing this gap, this study utilizes longitudinal data from the UK survey “Understanding Society” to examine the impact of over-education on native-immigrant wage disparities in the UK, and its intersection with gender. Through descriptive analysis, the study reveals persistent inequalities in over- education experiences among immigrant men, and in particular Western immigrant women. Growth curve modelling is used to estimate initial and long-term wage-effects over-education among immigrant men and women, finding that over-educated immigrant women face substantial initial wage penalties, albeit not statistically significant, but demonstrate a wage- recovery over time. Conversely, over-educated immigrant men face smaller initial wage penalties, but display significantly lower wage growth than their correctly matched counterparts. In conclusion, these disparities underscore the gendered constraints and opportunities shaping immigrants’ assimilation paths; while the wages of correctly matched immigrant men gradually converge with those of natives over time, correctly matched immigrant women face persistent wage disadvantages and limited upward mobility.