<p>In this full thesis, I explore the impact that HIV and AIDS pandemic is having in the livelihood strategies of rural women in Mozambique. My intention in this work is to highlight the navigation of Mozambican women through this harsh era. I establish a discussion about land as major asset in a poor and mainly agricultural country like Mozambique. And the fact that many scholars and policy makers are concerned about the escalating number of young widows that have had their land and other assets expropriated after the deaths of their husbands, mainly due to the HIV and AIDS pandemic. The convergence of the colonization process, the civil war (that took over 16 years in Mozambique) and the modernization/development process have been systematically trapping women in the interface between traditional and modern social organization. Now, with the spread of HIV and AIDS, young women and children whose only source of subsistence is their land have been losing their traditional rights, and they face the cultural changes brought about by a new social order that does not support them and their children after the death of a husband or father.</p>

This paper undertakes an indepth study of the Kipi land restitution claim. This study focuses on the nature of the settlement achieved in the case ofthe Kipi land claim and covers the period 1993 to 1999. It compares the Cato Manor reconstruction and development process and the Kipi land restoration and housing process within the Durban Metropolitan's Inner West Council area. The study does this by tracing the history of the Kipi community's relationship with the land, documenting the communities resistance of the removal in terms of the Group Areas Act and presenting a critical examination of the communities efforts to reclaim and develop their land. The study uses the case ~tudy method to analyse the principles embedded in this settlement and attempts to draw on these to inform possible policy recommendations in respect of other urban land claims. The central thesis of this dissertation argues that the quality of restitution delivery is directly affected by the degree to which it is located within local development coordination and management institutions and structures. In the Kipi claim the Council chose negotiation rather than the apartheid planning principles of prescription and coercion. This resulted in a integration of the housing and restitution processes. It is in this light that the role of the land claims working group which was set up by the Commission and the Durban Metro Inner West local council is evaluated. While in the Cato Manor case the Council chose to follow the legal route and opposed restoration in terms of section 34 of the Restitution ofLand Rights Act. The consequences of following the legal route has been that the housing and land restitution processes have been compartmentalised. It is argued that post apartheid planning is indeed a complex process that needs to engage creatively and flexibly with issues of over due social justice and the current development needs of the urban poor. It is important that in reconstructing the urban landscape that communities are involved in planning models that focus on bottom up processes for successful outcomes. / Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

Masters of Art / In this full thesis, I explore the impact that HIV and AIDS pandemic is having in the livelihood strategies of rural women in Mozambique. My intention in this work is to highlight the navigation of Mozambican women through this harsh era. I establish a discussion about land as major asset in a poor and mainly agricultural country like Mozambique. And the fact that many scholars and policy makers are concerned about the escalating number of young widows that have had their land and other assets expropriated after the deaths of their husbands, mainly due to the HIV and AIDS pandemic. The convergence of the colonization process, the civil war (that took over 16 years in Mozambique) and the modernization/development process have been systematically trapping women in the interface between traditional and modern social organization. Now, with the spread of HIV and AIDS, young women and children whose only source of subsistence is their land have been losing their traditional rights, and they face the cultural changes brought about by a new social order that does not support them and their children after the death of a husband or father. / South Africa

Indigenous communities historically live outside of the state. Colonialism, feudalism, and globalization have pushed them to society's fringe. In many nations, indigenous communities feel they are isolated from mainland society. This study examines the exclusion process of the Garo indigenous community of Bangladesh. Garo indigenous Community lives in Madhupur Sal forest, and they often express they are socially excluded. Based on specific characteristics of social exclusion, this study examines the social exclusion process of the Garo indigenous community in Bangladesh. It finds that Garo communities are socially excluded in terms of economic, cultural, social rights, and social involvement. The empirical data shows that they feel isolated because of their religion, cultural practice, and stereotypical thinking of the mainland community.

The contemporary phenomenon of the global rush for farmland has generated intense debate from different actors. While the proponents embrace it as a "development opportunity", the critics dub it "land grabbing". Others use a neutral term: "arge-scale land acquisitions". Whatever terminology is used, one fact remains indisputable - since 2007 vast swathes of farmlands in developing countries have been sold or leased out to large-scale commercial farmers. Ethiopia is one of the leading countries in Africa in this regard and, as a matter of state policy, it promotes these investments in peripheral regions that are predominantly inhabited by pastoralists and other indigenous communities. So far, the focus of most of the studies on this phenomenon has been on its economic, food security and environmental aspects. The questions of land rights and political implications have been to a great extent overlooked. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to this knowledge gap by drawing upon the experience of the Gambella regional state - the epicentre of large-scale land acquisition in Ethiopia. To this end, this thesis argues that large-scale land acquisitions in Ethiopia is indeed redefining indigenous communities' right to land, territories and natural resources in fundamental ways. By doing so, it also threatens the post-1991 social contract - i.e. ethnic federalism - between the envisaged new Ethiopian state and its diverse communities, particularly the peripheral minorities and indigenous ethnic groups. / Church Development Service (EED) now ¿Brot für Die Welt¿

This paper delves into the significance of land disposal to indigenous rights and Settler-Colonies. Specifically, it examines land use regulations for forestry management and Forest Sami villages. Through interviews with practicing forest reindeer herders, it has been revealed that forestry practices in Sweden have dramatically altered the landscape, posing significant challenges to the continuation of reindeer herding. In the context of Settler-Colonialism, the analysis of these findings shows that land use regulations align with the "logic of elimination," which seeks to remove the native population to secure settlers’ access to land.

No description available.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-11-14T15:25:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Bigolin Neto_.pdf: 1923474 bytes, checksum: d7edbb6188e73aa40dae2819d9d3bdb9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T15:25:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Bigolin Neto_.pdf: 1923474 bytes, checksum: d7edbb6188e73aa40dae2819d9d3bdb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29 / Nenhuma / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar, simultaneamente, em que medida os conflitos territoriais envolvendo os Guarani e Kaiowá e o agronegócio no Mato Grosso do Sul são contextos propícios para a ocorrência de crimes de atrocidade e são motivados pela lógica colonial. Apesar das conquistas jurídico-formais que apontam para o reconhecimento de suas particularidades, os conflitos envolvendo indígenas e ocupantes de terras têm-se agravado nos últimos anos e têm sido marcados por episódios de extrema violência, notadamente no Mato Grosso do Sul. As investidas contra os habitantes originários têm íntima relação com a ampliação da ocupação de terras na região, destinadas fundamentalmente à monocultura de exportação de commodities, à pecuária intensiva e à indústria sucroalcooleira nas áreas em disputa. Percebe-se, com isso, uma tendência de vulnerabilização dos povos indígenas. Para realização do estudo, são apresentadas como teoria de base e ferramental analítico a perspectiva descolonial e o Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes. A primeira compreende a colonialidade como constitutiva da modernidade, como uma forma de articulação de uma matriz de poder calcada na hierarquização racial dos sujeitos, na premissa de que somente o conhecimento científico-moderno é válido e na inferiorização das subjetividades não-modernas. Sua permanência até os dias de hoje se revela na negação da diferença e na busca por eliminá-la. O segundo consiste num documento elaborado pela ONU, cuja finalidade é de avaliar a presença de fatores de risco para crimes de atrocidade [genocídio, crimes contra a humanidade, crimes de guerra e limpeza étnica]. O trabalho consiste num estudo crítico diagnóstico, valendo-se de pesquisas bibliográfica, legislativa, documental e visitas in locu. São explorados elementos territoriais dos povos Guarani e Kaiowá e de sua história no contato com os karaí [não-índios] para explicitar a subsistência de um padrão de tratamento que deixa de levar em consideração suas particularidades culturais e viola as legislações nacionais e internacionais. Como resultados, foram encontrados diversos indicadores de fatores de risco para crimes de atrocidade, que consistem em: discriminações estruturais de iniciativa pública e privada, intimamente relacionadas pelo poder político-econômico do agronegócio; privações e violações de direitos humanos básicos, muitas delas decorrentes da não-regularização da questão fundiária indígena; um histórico consistente de violências, ataques e assassinatos; e a manutenção de um imaginário que inferioriza as identidades indígenas por sua diferença como estratégia de desapropriação territorial pelo projeto colonial. Para a superação destes impasses, deve-se buscar respostas na construção de um projeto outro, que lide com a diferença de modo horizontal e, de modo mais imediato, na demarcação dos territórios ancestrais dos povos originários. / This dissertation aims to analyze simultaneously the extent to which the territorial conflicts involving the Guarani and Kaiowá and the agribusiness in Mato Grosso do Sul are favorable contexts for the occurrence atrocity crimes and are motivated by the colonial logic. In spite of the legal-formal achievements that point to the recognition of their particularities, the conflicts involving indigenous and land occupants have been aggravated in recent years and have been marked by episodes of extreme violence, notably in Mato Grosso do Sul. The charges against original inhabitants are closely related to the expansion of the land occupation in the region, mainly destined to the monoculture of commodities for export, livestock farming and the industries of sugar and alcohol in the disputed areas. This shows a trend towards the vulnerability of indigenous peoples. To carry out the study, the decolonial perspective and the Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes are presented as ground theory and analytical tool. The first one understands coloniality as constitutive of modernity, as a form of articulating a matrix of power based on the racial hierarchy of the subjects, on the premise that only scientific-modern knowledge is valid and in the inferiorization of non-modern subjectivities. Its permanence to the present day is revealed in the denial of difference and in the quest to eliminate it. The second consists of a document prepared by the UN, whose purpose is to assess the presence of risk factors for atrocity crimes [genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and ethnic cleansing]. The work consists in a critical diagnostic study, using bibliographical, legislative, documentary and in locu visits. Territorial elements of the Guarani and Kaiowá peoples and their history are explored in the contact with the karaí [non-Indian] to make explicit the subsistence of a standard of treatment that fails to take into account their cultural particularities and violates national and international laws. As results, several indicators of risk factors for atrocity crimes were found, which consist of: structural discrimination of both public and private initiative, closely related by the agribusiness's political-economic power; deprivations and violations of basic human rights, many of them resulting from the non-regularization of the indigenous land issue; a consistent history of violence, attacks and killings; and the maintenance of an imaginary that inferiorizes indigenous identities by its difference as a strategy of territorial expropriation by the colonial project. In order to overcome these impasses, one must seek answers in the construction of another project, which deals with the difference horizontally and, more immediately, in the demarcation of the ancestral territories of native peoples.

Submitted by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-02-05T20:42:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Caroline Vargas Barbosa - 2014.pdf: 1184377 bytes, checksum: c2d4eae9865cf3053dbc378fb2c49b39 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-02-19T11:38:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Caroline Vargas Barbosa - 2014.pdf: 1184377 bytes, checksum: c2d4eae9865cf3053dbc378fb2c49b39 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-19T11:38:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Caroline Vargas Barbosa - 2014.pdf: 1184377 bytes, checksum: c2d4eae9865cf3053dbc378fb2c49b39 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-16 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This dissertation aims to build an interpretive approach unique to the Brazilian Agrarian Reform, with Community law in the land as a source of inspiration . The discussion is guided by the problem that the Agrarian Reform to serve the interests of capitalism distances himself founded the collective interest in social justice . The theoretical basis through the deductive method and literature, search the application of the provision of good living as principles framework of Community law to the land, and finally as a guarantee of underlying constitution rights in the country of 1988 . Firstly, we establish the concepts of Agrarian Reform, the construction of the Brazilian normative concept and measures and state forecasts for this purpose. Subsequently, we embrace the interest of capitalism on earth, and their lucrative facets . Therefore we seek to understand at what point Agrarian Reform shall meet the capital. The concept of good living and community land rights become the opposition to capital for construction of a new interpretive Agrarian Reform permeating the environmental principle of ownership. Concluding that the redefinition of Agrarian Reform confused in identifying the man and land in a vital relationship. So, the company shall exercise supervision in the definition of good living , becoming an active subject in the effectiveness of these precepts . Private property must meet a community to individuals, as the main feature of recognition of ownership of the carrier. The interpretation of Community law of the land tied to social and environmental function of land and agrarian reform may serve to meet the fundamental social rights of rural workers with capital. / Esta dissertação almeja construir uma abordagem interpretativa singular à Reforma Agrária Brasileira, apresentando o direito comunitário à terra como fonte inspiradora. A discussão orienta-se pelo problema se a Reforma Agrária ao atender os interesses do capitalismo distancia-se do interesse coletivo fundado em uma justiça social. A fundamentação teórica por meio do método dedutivo e pesquisa bibliográfica, busca a aplicação do preceito de bom viver como arcabouço principiológico do direito comunitário à terra, e por fim como garantia de direitos fundamentais constitucionalizados no país em 1988. Em um primeiro momento, traçamos os conceitos de Reforma Agrária, a construção do conceito normativo brasileiro e as medidas e previsões estatais para esse fim. Posteriormente, abarcamos o interesse do capitalismo na terra, e suas facetas lucrativas. Consequentemente buscamos compreender em que momento a Reforma Agrária passa a atender o capital. O conceito do bom viver e do direito comunitário à terra passam a ser a oposição ao capital, para uma nova construção interpretativa da Reforma Agrária perpassando o princípio socioambiental da propriedade. Concluindo que, a ressignificação da Reforma Agrária confunde-se na identificação do homem com a terra, em um vínculo vital. De modo que, a sociedade passa a exercer a tutela na definição do bom viver, tornando-se sujeito ativo na eficácia destes preceitos. A propriedade privada deverá atender comunitariamente aos indivíduos, como característica principal do reconhecimento da titularidade do portador. A interpretação do direito comunitário da terra vinculado com a função socioambiental da propriedade e a Reforma Agrária, poderá atender ao encontro dos direitos sociais fundamentais dos trabalhadores rurais com o capital.

<p>The typical face of poverty in South Africa is African, rural, and female. As the primary users of rural land, women engage in farming and subsistence activities. Despite this pivotal role played by rural women, they experience grave problems under communal tenure, most notably in relation to access to and use of land and productive resources. Research has shown that the majority of rural households in South Africa derive significant proportions of their livelihoods from land-based activities, and that the value of common property resources associated with land, for example livestock production, crop production, and natural resource harvesting is often overlooked as an important asset of poor rural communities. The importance of these landbased livelihoods sources is even greater for female-headed households, female members of rural households, and the very poor or &lsquo / marginalised&rsquo / members of rural communities, since they tend to be more reliant on landbased livelihoods than those with secure income from pensions, wageearning activity or remittances from migrant labourers. The importance of security of land tenure to the sustainability of rural livelihoods, particularly insofar as rural women are concerned, is the central focus of this study.</p>