Introdução: alguns pacientes com zumbido podem apresentar pontosgatilho miofasciais, principalmente na musculatura mastigatória e cervical. No entanto, este tema é pouco abordado na literatura. Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar a associação entre (1) zumbido e pontos-gatilho, (2) a orelha com pior zumbido e o lado do corpo com maior número de pontosgatilho, além de (3) verificar a capacidade de o ponto-gatilho modular o zumbido. Métodos: neste estudo caso-controle foram avaliados 94 pacientes com zumbido e 94 assintomáticos, pareados por sexo e idade, sem queixa de dor generalizada ou mioclonia. Todos foram submetidos, pelo mesmo investigador, a um protocolo de avaliação e à pressão digital para pesquisa de pontos-gatilho em 9 músculos bilateralmente: infra-espinal, levantador da escápula, trapézio, esplênio da cabeça, escaleno, esternocleidomastóideo, digástrico, masseter e temporal. A intensidade do zumbido foi avaliada por uma escala numérica de 0 a 10, considerando-se como modulação o aumento ou diminuição imediata de pelo menos um ponto na escala e/ou mudança no tipo de som. Os exames foram executados em local silencioso para facilitar a percepção da modulação do zumbido. Resultados: os pontos-gatilho estavam presentes em 72,3% dos pacientes com zumbido (OR= 4,87; p< 0,001) e 55,9% deles relataram modulação do sintoma durante a pressão digital nos pontos-gatilho ativos e latentes, em pelo menos um músculo, principalmente no masseter, esplênio da cabeça, esternocleidomastóideo e temporal. A modulação do zumbido pelo ponto-gatilho examinado foi predominantemente ipsilateral em 6 dos 9 músculos avaliados. Houve correlação de lateralidade entre a orelha com pior zumbido e o lado do corpo com maior número de pontos-gatilho em 56,5% dos casos (Kappa= 0,29; p< 0,001). Houve diferença significante quanto à presença de queixa prévia de dor na comparação dos pacientes com zumbido que modularam com aqueles que não modularam (p< 0,008). Conclusões: a presença significante dos pontos-gatilho em pacientes com zumbido associada à freqüente modulação do sintoma durante sua palpação, além da sua presença em maior número no lado da orelha com pior zumbido, sugere que os pontos-gatilho sejam um fator etiológico ou coadjuvante do zumbido. / Introduction: some patients suffering from tinnitus may present myofascial trigger points, mainly in head and neck muscles. However, this issue is poorly explored in the literature. The objectives of this study were to investigate an association between (1) tinnitus and trigger points, (2) the ear with the worst tinnitus and the side of the body with more trigger points, (3) presence of trigger points and their capacity of modulating tinnitus. Methods: in this case control study 94 subjects with tinnitus, and 94 without such symptom were analyzed, matched by age and gender, excluding those with widespread musculoskeletal pain or myoclonus. All of them underwent an evaluation protocol and digital pressure in order to search for trigger points in 9 bilateral muscles: infraspinatus, levator scapulae, trapezius, splenius capitis, scalenus, sternocleidomastoid, digastric, masseter and temporalis. The intensity of tinnitus was evaluated with a scale ranging from 0 to 10, and modulation was considered present in cases of immediate increase or decrease of at least one point in the scale and/or changes in the type of sound. The exams took place in a silent environment, so as to make it easier for tinnitus\' modulation to be perceived. Results: the presence of trigger points was observed in 72.3% of tinnitus patients (OR= 4.87; p< 0,001). Among them, 55.9% reported tinnitus modulation during digital pressure in both active and latent trigger points, in at least one muscle, mainly in masseter, splenius capitis, sternocleidomastoid and temporalis muscles. The rate of tinnitus modulation was significantly higher at the same side of the trigger point subject to examination in 6 out of 9 muscles. There was an association of laterality between the ear with worst tinnitus and the side of the body with more trigger points in 56.5% of the cases (Kappa value = 0.29; p< 0.001). There was a significant difference related to the presence of previous pain complaint when patients with tinnitus that modulated were compared to patients with tinnitus that did not modulate (p< 0.008). Conclusions: significant presence of trigger points in tinnitus patients, associated to frequent modulation of this symptom during palpation, besides the presence of more trigger points in the side of the ear with the worst tinnitus, suggests that trigger points are an etiologic factor or adjuvant in tinnitus onset.

A transverse study in term newborns was made to determine the occurrence of motor responses and possible asymmetries during the stimulation of the vestibular system through the head turning after release from the midline and passive rotation. From October to December of 2005, 320 neonates were admitted to the Adjacent Lodgings of the University Hospital of Santa Maria. From those, 89 were selected for assessment of the vestibular function since they have previously had fetal static control through ultrasound. Our results show that right-sided head lateralization was significantly greater than left-sided. The predominancy of the lateralization towards the right side also occurred in the male gender, cephalic presentations and left-sided back, however, not significant. On the passive rotation about the vertical axis, the great majority of the neonates presented eye deviation in the opposite direction of the body movement and about the horizontal axis, the great majority of them either remained with their eyes closed or did not present any deviation at all. Results corroborate with the existing literature and suggest an association between fetal static and vestibular function. It was shown through vestibular stimulation trials that term newborns already possess a functional asymmetry as well as motor responses to this system stimulation / Com o objetivo determinar a ocorrência de respostas motoras e possíveis assimetrias durante a estimulação do sistema vestibular pelas provas de queda da cabeça e rotação passiva, foi realizado um estudo transversal no recém-nascido de termo. No período de outubro a dezembro de 2005, 320 recém-nascidos foram admitidos no Alojamento Conjunto do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, e destes 89 foram selecionados para avaliação da função vestibular, por terem feito controle da estática fetal através do ultra-som. Nossos resultados mostram que a lateralização da cabeça para a direita foi significativamente maior do que para esquerda. Este predomínio da lateralização para a direita também ocorreu no gênero masculino, nas apresentações cefálicas e com o dorso para esquerda, no entanto estes não foram significativos. Nas provas de rotação passiva na vertical a grande maioria dos RN apresentou o desvio dos olhos sempre no sentido oposto ao movimento do corpo e no plano horizontal, a grande maioria dos RN permaneceu com os olhos fechados, ou não apresentou desvio algum. Nossos resultados corroboram com a literatura existente, e sugerem uma associação entre a estática fetal e a função vestibular. Através das provas de estimulação vestibular, ficou demonstrado que o RN de termo já possui respostas motoras a estimulação deste sistema, bem como uma assimetria funcional

Le processus du traitement de la parole est latéralisé au niveau cortical. En effet la théorie de l’échantillonnage asymétrique suggère que le signal acoustique est segmenté sous forme d’unités discrètes, et ensuite traité par les deux cortex auditifs non primaires en utilisant des fenêtres d’intégrations respectivement adaptées aux traitements des modulations lentes et rapides du signal de la parole. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier les concepts de cette théorie au moyen de deux approches (psychophysique et neurophysiologique), en s’intéressant à l’activation corticale dans les deux hémisphères en fonction de la nature du signal auditif présenté. Les résultats révèlent que les scores d’intelligibilité de ces stimuli sont plus importants quand les modulations rapides arrivent au cortex auditif gauche et les modulations lentes arrivent au cortex auditif droit. Les résultats de l’IRMf démontrent une interaction entre l’enveloppe des stimuli présentés et les rythmes corticaux. Les deux cortex auditifs présentaient des asymétries inter-hémisphériques en réponse à ces stimuli. En outre, l’activité neuronale augmente avec les performances. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats de nos études vont dans le sens des prédictions de la théorie d’échantillonnage asymétrique. Nous supposons que, l’application des effets de la théorie de la latéralisation auditive dans le traitement du signal auditif pourrait améliorer la perception de la parole chez les personnes sourdes profonds en développant les stratégies de codage des Implants cochléaire de manière à les alignées sur les propriétés corticales d’échantillonnages intrinsèques / Speech perception consists of a set of bilateral computations that take continuously varying acoustic waveforms as input and generate discrete representations. Hypothesis of ‘asymmetric sampling in time’, suggests that auditory functional asymmetries can be explained by differences in temporal sampling between the two auditory cortices. We suggest that asymmetry in auditory cortical oscillations could play a role in speech perception by fostering hemispheric triage of information across the two hemispheres. Due to this asymmetry, fast speech temporal modulations, could be best perceived by the left auditory cortex, while slower modulations would be better captured by the right one. The aim of this thesis was to study and to test the validity of the predictions of the AST theory by investigating psychophysical and neurophysiological approach. They focus on the cortical activation in both hemispheres according to the nature of the auditory signal presented to both ears. Our results show that when we provide a different part of the speech envelope to each ear, word recognition is facilitated when the temporal properties of speech match the rhythmic properties of auditory cortices. We further show that the interaction between speech envelope and auditory cortices rhythms translates in their level of neural activity (as measured with fMRI). In the left auditory cortex, the neural activity level related to stimulus/brain rhythm interaction predicts speech perception facilitation. This interaction impacts speech perception performance. We propose that this lateralization effect could have practical implications in the framework of bilateral cochlear implants

The subject of the thesis is the use of musical activities in the development of graphomotor skills of preschool children. The theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to the problem of harmonization of music and movement at the level of gross and fine motor skills. It also deals with the issue of laterality and its distinctness. The practical part contains a detailed case study of a boy with a disadvantageous type of laterality and follows the development of his graphomotor skills during 15 lessons, the core of which are musical activities for the development of graphomotor skills of preschool children. I used multiple complementary research methods in the in-depth case study, which were participant observation, mother interview, open-ended questionnaire, family and personal history, and PPP report. The action research was conducted over a ten-month period, with the boys being 4 years and 3 months old at the start of the research. The practical part of the thesis analyses the action research data and evaluates the overall impact of specific musical activities in the development of preschool children's graphomotor skills.

The diploma thesis is focused on fine motor skills and laterality of preschool children with cerebral palsy. Based on previous researches was found out, that cerebral palsy is influencing fine motor skills. With reference to these researches, the aim of this thesis is to find out, if there is difference between intact prechool children and preschool children with cerebral pals in fine motor skills and what particular differences there is. The thesis include laterality and question of pronounction in preschool age. The theoretical part describes evolution of children, defines fine motor skills and laterality, deals with cerebral palsy and describes fine motor skills of children with cerebral palsy including previous researches. The empirical part defines the aims of research, explorational questions, methods of research and testing activities. Next part is focused on selection of respondents and their characterics. Main part presents results of testing my respondents, analysis of results and discussion. The research was made by interview and qustionary for parents, and following testing of fine motor skills containing three parts - testing of laterality, grips and general fine motor skills. In results is described existing difference between intact preschool children and children with cerebral...

The thesis follows the development of the methodology of left-handers's writing, teacher's usage of the knowledge of methodology in a practice, researching the materials aimed in left- handness dedicated to teachers and parents, describing statements and opinions of the concrete primary teachers on left-hander's methodology. The thesis consists of the theoretical part and the empiric part. In the therotical part there are defined terms laterality and dominance, the development of the methodology of left-hander's writing since the year 1967 when this type of writing was legalised in the Czech Republic. The possibilities of getting information about the problematic of left-handness are summed, including books and trainings for primary school teachers. Finally, available equipment for left-handers is introduced. The research combines two methods - questionnaire and interview. The quantitative research is supposed to come up with the concrete percentage of left-handed pupils and with the general knowledge of teachers connected with methodology of left-hander's writing. The qualitative research was made by the form of interiewing teachers and Ivo Vodička. The aim of the thesis is to find out the way how to train teachers effectively based on researched information. KEYWORDS laterality, diagnostics of...

The study of lateralisation has taken several forms ranging from investigating morphological asymmetries to research on lateralised motor and perceptual functions with many studies successfully evidencing lateralisation in a variety of species. This study, featuring three species (olive baboons, rhesus macaques, and spotted hyaenas) investigated visual field biases with the aim of determining whether emotional valence underpins these biases whilst also considering the influence of a number of other factors such as emotional intensity, age, sex, rank, and, for the first time, oestrus cycles (olive baboons only). This study aimed to establish whether Campbell’s (1982) Right Hemisphere Hypothesis or Silberman & Weingartner’s (1986) Valence Hypothesis offered the more valid theory for the lateralisation of emotion by considering interactions across the full spectrum of emotion – a question the almost exclusive investigation of negatively affective scenarios by previous studies has been unable to answer. Furthermore, this study provided a new methodology for investigating behavioural lateralisation by suggesting that separating the visual spectrum into five fields (extreme left, mid left, centre, mid right and extreme right) allows a more accurate insight into the lateralisation of visual perception than the traditional hemifield model. Finally, a more conservative method is proposed for analysing behavioural data in future studies from this field and suggests that these methods provide a more accurate representation of the lateralisation of emotion than those previously employed. A population-level left side bias was found for the spotted hyaenas, thus providing the first evidence of significantly lateralised behaviour in a large carnivore and, for this species at least, lending some support to Campbell’s (1982) Right Hemisphere hypothesis but as population-level biases were not found for either of the other species it may be premature to suggest this support is unequivocal. Significant age effects were found in two species as adult olive baboons and spotted hyaenas were both found to express significant left side biases. Spotted hyaenas were also found to express significant left side biases for females, dominant individuals, high intensity interactions, and sexual valence interactions whilst olive baboons expressed a significant left side bias during negative valence behaviours but no significant lateral biases were found in any context for rhesus macaques. In olive baboons behaviours performed by males and those of a low intensity were found to occur more frequently in the mid and central visual fields and neutral valence behaviours were less occurrent in the extreme visual fields whilst in spotted hyaenas sexual, positive and negative valence behaviours were significantly less centralised than neutral valence behaviours. Non-oestrus adult female olive baboons were significantly more strongly lateralised than in-oestrus females, thus suggesting an influence of sex hormones upon lateralisation that may also have been apparent from the hyaena data, particularly regarding the significant lateral biases observed for females and dominant individuals. Finally, this thesis discusses a number of methodological issues that were encountered during this study and provides recommendations for future research in this field. Namely, this thesis provides an updated method for calculating laterality bias that is much more suitable for species with binocular vision and details a novel method of assessing visual field preferences by considering central and peripheral visual fields as separate entities. Furthermore, this thesis suggests that the weighted method designed and implemented for this study provides a much more accurate methodological foundation for analyses which avoids the caveats that may have affected previous research and thus provides a considerably more robust template that should be encouraged for any similar subsequent studies.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

! Title of thesis : Influence of laterality in somatognostic functions of floorball players Demarcation of the issue : This thesis is dedicated to the influence of laterality in somatognostic functions of floorball players and it rates relation between these two phenomenons. It is a first research in this branch and sport, also, it informs about the coherence of these two phenomenons, from the point of view as a cause of sports injuries and also as a prevention of sports injuries. Justification : Athletes get injured frequently in many different situations. Often, we are dealing with an injury as a consequence, but not the real cause. Physical therapist should get oriented in this problematics to be more effective in the healing process of the athlete. To avoid such problems in adulthood, we should be more focused on the prevention just at the beginning of a sports career of a small athlete. No matter what sports level the athlete had achieved, we are focusing especially in one-sided sport activities. Aim of the thesis : The aim of thesis is to find out any coherence of the effect of one-sided sports, as floorball, to somatognostic functions of players at the age between 6 - 14 years old. Methodology of the thesis : Research is created in a form of descriptive - associative academic method. It is...

Introdução: A esclerose mesial temporal (EMT) é a principal causa de epilepsia resistente ao tratamento medicamentoso. Pacientes com EMT apresentam dificuldades no processamento semântico e fonológico de linguagem e maior incidência de reorganização cerebral da linguagem (bilateral ou à direita) em relação à população geral. A ressonância magnética funcional (RMf) permite avaliar a reorganização cerebral das redes de linguagem, comparando padrões de ativação cerebral entre diversas regiões cerebrais. Objetivo: Investigar o desempenho linguístico de pacientes com EMT unilateral esquerda e direita e a ocorrência de reorganização das redes de linguagem com RMf para avaliar se a reorganização foi benéfica para a linguagem nestes pacientes. Métodos: Utilizamos provas clínicas de linguagem e paradigmas de nomeação visual e responsiva para RMf, desenvolvidos para este estudo. Foram avaliados 24 pacientes com EMTe, 22 pacientes com EMTd e 24 controles saudáveis, submetidos a provas de linguagem (fluência semântica e fonológica, nomeação de objetos, verbos, nomes próprios e responsiva, e compreensão de palavras) e a três paradigmas de linguagem por RMf [nomeação por confrontação visual (NCV), nomeação responsiva à leitura (NRL) e geração de palavras (GP)]. Seis regiões cerebrais de interesse (ROI) foram selecionadas (giro frontal inferior, giro frontal médio, giro frontal superior, giro temporal inferior, giro temporal médio e giro temporal superior). Índices de Lateralidade (ILs) foram calculados com dois métodos: bootstrap, do programa LI-Toolbox, independe de limiar, e PSC, que indica a intensidade da ativação cerebral de cada voxel. Cada grupo de pacientes (EMTe e EMTd) foi dividido em dois subgrupos, de acordo com o desempenho em relação aos controles na avaliação clinica de linguagem. O <= -1,5 foi utilizado como nota de corte para dividir os grupos em pacientes com bom e com mau desempenho de linguagem. Em seguida, comparou-se o desempenho linguístico dos subgrupos ao índices IL-boot. Resultados: Pacientes com EMT esquerda e direita mostraram pior desempenho que controles nas provas clínicas de nomeação de verbos, nomeação de nomes próprios, nomeação responsiva e fluência verbal. Os mapas de ativação cerebral por RMf mostraram efeito BOLD em regiões frontais e temporoparietais de linguagem. Os mapas de comparação de ativação cerebral entre os grupos revelaram que pacientes com EMT esquerda e direita apresentam maior ativação em regiões homólogas do hemisfério direito em relação aos controles. Os ILs corroboraram estes resultados, mostrando valores médios menores para os pacientes em relação aos controles e, portanto, maior simetria na representação da linguagem. A comparação entre o IL-boot e o desempenho nas provas clínicas de linguagem indicou que, no paradigma de nomeação responsiva à leitura, a reorganização funcional no giro temporal médio, e possivelmente, nos giros temporal inferior e superior associou-se a desempenho preservado em provas de nomeação. Conclusão: Pacientes com EMT direita e esquerda apresentam comprometimento de nomeação e fluência verbal e reorganização da rede cerebral de linguagem. A reorganização funcional de linguagem em regiões temporais, especialmente o giro temporal médio associou-se a desempenho preservado em provas de nomeação em pacientes com EMT esquerda no paradigma de RMf de nomeação responsiva à leitura / Introduction: Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is the commonest cause of drug resistant epilepsy. MTS patients experience phonological and semantic processing difficulties, and increased prevalence of atypical (bilateral or right hemisphere) language dominance compared to the general population. Language reorganization can be studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which allows comparison of brain activation patterns in different brain regions. Objective: To investigate performance on language tasks in patients with unilateral left and right MTS, and occurrence of atypical language dominance to determine if reorganization of language networks is beneficial to \' f . : W w y-four left MTS, 22 right MTS patients and 24 healthy controls. Subjects underwent language tasks (semantic and phonological fluency, object, verb, proper noun, and responsive naming, and word comprehension), and fMRI language paradigms [visual confrontation naming (VCN), reading responsive reading (RRN) and word generation (WG)]. Six regions of interest (ROI) (inferior frontal, middle frontal, superior frontal, inferior temporal, middle temporal and superior temporal gyri) were defined. Two language lateralization indexes (LI) were obtained for each ROI, one with a threshold-independent method using a bootstrap algorithm (LI-boot), and one that measures brain activation intensity in each voxel (Percentage Signal Change - PSC). Each patient group (left MTS and right MTS) was divided into two subgroups according to performance relative to controls in the language tasks. Z- <= -1.5 was used as a cut-off to divide patients in good and poor language performance groups. LI-boot indexes were compared between language performance subgroups. Left and right MTS patients showed worse performance than controls in verb, proper noun, and responsive naming, and verbal fluency language tasks. fMRI activation maps showed increased BOLD signal in frontal and temporoparietal language regions. Group comparison activation maps revealed that left and right MTS patients showed increased activation in homologous right hemisphere regions compared to controls. These results were corroborated by lower LI mean values for patients compared to controls, indicating greater hemispheric language representation symmetry. Comparison between LI-boot indexes and performance in language tasks showed that functional reorganization in the middle temporal, and, possibly, inferior and superior temporal gyri was associated with preserved naming performance. Conclusion: Left and right MTS patients display impaired naming and verbal fluency, as well as reorganization of the language network. Language network reorganization in the temporal regions, specially middle temporal gyrus, was associated with preserved naming in left MTS patients, in the responsive reading naming fMRI paradigm