Cette thèse porte sur l’étude d’un groupe socio-professionnel, les avocats, et leurs pratiques professionnelles de la communication et leurs usages des médias en France de 1945 à nos jours. Longtemps situé hors de la sphère marchande, on assiste au développement d’un marché du droit mondialisé, complexe et concurrentiel qui bouleverse l'exercice de la profession d'avocat. Ce changement du biotope a rendu la communication indispensable. La profession a pris acte de cette nécessité et a assoupli progressivement ses règles déontologiques en ce sens. La pratique ordinaire de communication des avocats reste déficitaire. Nous privilégierons d’abord, une approche générale, la communication de l’instance représentative de la profession, le Conseil national des barreaux, agissant comme source mandatée dans l’arène médiatique. Nous analyserons les stratégies mobilisées dans le cadre de cette communication institutionnelle pour promouvoir, influencer la représentation médiatique de la profession et élargir son périmètre d’action. Néanmoins, à côté de cette pratique ordinaire de communication déficitaire, deux typologies d’acteurs que constitue cette profession réglementée font exception. Nous explorerons la communication et l’utilisation des médias par les cabinets d’avocats d’affaires et les pénalistes ténors du barreau. Nous nous intéresserons aux procédés utilisés, aux stratégies et pratiques médiatiques mises en oeuvre et aux objectifs poursuivis. / This thesis focuses on a socio-professional entity (lawyers) and their professional practice of communication and use of the media in France from 1945 until the present. The law stayed during a long period outside the market sphere. But recently a new market (of the law) has emerged: this market is worldwide, complex and very competitive. The legal profession has been impacted deeply by this recent development, which has rendered communications necessary. The legal profession is aware of this change and has progressively softened the ethical rules in this regard. To start, we will focus on the representative authority of the profession, the National Council of Bar, which acts as a mandatory source in the media. We will notably analyse the strategies used within the framework of this institution’s communications in order to promote, to influence the representation of the profession in the media and to enhance the perimeter of action of this institution. While lawyers’ ordinary use of communications remains minimal, there are two exceptions in the legal profession: corporate law firms and high-profile lawyers involved in criminal cases. We will study these two categories of actors: their manner of using communications and their use of the media, and we will describe the processes, the strategies, and behaviours toward the media, as well as the objectives targeted.

D. Litt. et Phil. / The main research question addressed by this study is whether the application of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has an effect on the practice of law, and specifically whether information and knowledge management affects the process of legal research. Various issues are considered in this regard, including what the concept of knowledge management (KM) entails in a law firm and what the current KM trends are in South African law firms. To this extent an investigation follows of the global trends in the application of ICTs for legal research purposes and what the specific applications are of KM in support of legal research. Furthermore, this study investigates how information technology applications and KM systems and strategies can support the legal research process and what the benefits of KM are to legal research. This entails a study of the unique characteristics of legal research in a digital information environment and of the challenges legal researchers face in a changing information environment. Subsequently the skills and tools that are required for effective digital legal research are discussed. This research also considers the effect the changing information environment has on the role of the legal information professional, which includes an investigation of the reasons why legal information professionals can and should support lawyers in their legal research activities. Specifically, this study considers the roles, skills and competencies of legal information professionals as knowledge managers, digital librarians and trainers of legal research skills in a changing information environment. Lastly, this study investigates whether current legal research skills training offers useful guidelines to future digital legal researchers.

"Good leadership springs from a genuine passion for the work and a genuine concern for other people. Great Leaders are people who love what they do and want to share that love with others. " (Daft, 2005:20). During an informal discussion with my husband Hugo Daniels, the leader in this Action Research Case Study, it became apparent that lawyers do not attend a single module or complete a single subject during their formal training at university to obtain their law degree that is related to the field of leadership and how to lead, inspire and motivate followers. The discussion centered on the problems the leader was experiencing in his East London law firm, problems he believed to be as a result of his lack of knowledge in the field of leadership. And so this research project began. It was obvious from the start that to intervene in the firm in order to bring about change would need the participation of everyone in the firm. The first step towards facilitating change would be to change the leadership style of the director of the firm. He would be required to gain knowledge in the field of leadership and the effects that different leadership styles have on followers. At the same time staff's perception of the current leadership style would have to be determined, as well as the desired style for their leader. The research process could then begin, based on the needs expressed by the staff and with participation from all levels in the firm. The case involved 27 members of staff made up of three heads of departments, twenty three general staff members and the leader. Data was gathered through formal interviews with the leader and the heads of departments, as well as from personal journals kept by two heads of departments and the leader. General staff members were first asked to complete The Productive Practice Survey (Hall 1987) to determine their perceptions of the current leadership style in the firm and what they thought they needed from their leader if the firm is to move forward. The Productive Practice Survey (Hall 1987) was not used with the intention of gathering quantitative data, but rather as a means of gathering information of staff's perception in general while ensuring anonymity, so as to facilitate a discussion during a feedback session. The Productive Survey's (Hall 1987) content and working is explained in further detail in Chapter 3 on page 44. Initially participants were skeptical of the process and used the survey as a medium to lash out against the firm and Hugo Daniels as a leader, leaving no room for suggestions for improvement, an "it is what it is" approach. During the feedback session general staff members became more open when they realized that change would benefit them, as changes would be suggested by them and implemented with their participation. They became less reluctant about change and provided valuable input during the session. All participants understood that this Participatory Action Research intervention was only the beginning of change in the firm and the sustainability of the changes rests on the firm as a whole, and working towards it would be a continuous process not ending with the Participatory Action Research process.

Introduction Due diligence or “företagsbesiktning” as it is called in Swedish is an approach to collect and review information about a company's characteristics and risks prior to negotiation and decision on a significant business transaction regarding the acquisition object. A due diligence is often carried out in connection with company transfers and in most cases buyers or sellers hire a law firm or auditing firm for the implementation. There are various forms of due diligence, of which the usual forms are commercial, financial and legal due diligence. Together, the forms of due diligence cover a wide area and are usually sufficient to succeed in identifying the most significant risks that a target company is covered by. In the implementation of company acquisitions, there is an information asymmetry between buyers and sellers. This means that salespeople who have the target company in their possession have more access to knowledge and information about the company's condition. A seller's information advantage can be reduced by a due diligence. The purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate and describe how due diligence is carried out in practice by law firms and auditing firms and whether it can be related to how the process is presented in the literature. The purpose is also to study whether the information asymmetry between buyers and sellers is reduced if a more thorough due diligence is carried out in a company acquisition. In addition, the goal is also to describe the way in which representatives of law firms and auditing firms in Sweden handle the information asymmetry between buyers and sellers in company acquisitions. Method The study's approach has been a qualitative method where qualitative data has been generated via 6 interviews with representatives of law firms and auditing firms in Sweden. The study is based on essential and existing literature that is proven through collected empirical data where own conclusions are drawn, thus the study applies a deductive approach. The conclusion The conclusion that can be drawn in this study is that due diligence in company acquisitions is carried out in practice much like Sevenius' (2021) description of the process where five steps are included; preparation, information gathering, analysis, reporting and implementation. The conclusion is also that the information asymmetry between buyers and sellers is reduced with a more thorough due diligence according to all representatives of law firms and auditing firms. Representatives of law firms and audit firms handle the information asymmetry between two parties through, for example, confidentiality agreements or that the advisers act as agents for the client and receive information about the target company. / Inledning Due diligence eller företagsbesiktning som det heter på svenska är ett angreppssätt för att insamla och granska information om ett företags egenskaper och risker inför förhandling och beslut om en betydande affärstransaktion beträffande förvärvsobjektet. En due diligence genomförs ofta i samband med företagsöverlåtelser och i de flesta fall anlitar köpare eller säljare en advokat- eller revisionsbyrå för genomförandet. Det finns olika former av due diligence, varav de sedvanliga formerna är kommersiell, finansiell och legal due diligence. Gemensamt täcker due diligence-formerna ett brett område och är oftast tillräckligt för att lyckas identifiera de mest väsentliga risker som ett målföretag omfattas av. Vid genomförandet av företagsförvärv föreligger en informationsasymmetri mellan köpare och säljare. Detta innebär att säljare som har målföretaget i sin besittning har mer tillgång till kunskap och information om företagets tillstånd. En säljares informationsövertag kan reduceras genom användningen av en due diligence. Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva och analysera hur due diligence genomförs i praktiken av advokat- och revisionsbyråer samt om det kan relateras till hur processen framställs i litteraturen. Syftet är även att studera om informationsasymmetrin mellan köpare och säljare reduceras om en mer grundlig due diligence genomförs vid ett företagsförvärv. Därutöver är målet också att beskriva på vilket sätt företrädare för advokat- och revisionsbyråer i Sverige hanterar informationsasymmetrin mellan köpare och säljare vid företagsförvärv. Metod Studiens tillvägagångssätt har varit en kvalitativ metod där kvalitativa data har genererats via 6 intervjuer med företrädare för advokat- och revisionsbyråer i Sverige. Studien har sin utgångspunkt i väsentlig och befintlig litteratur som styrks genom insamlad empiri där egna slutsatser dras, således tillämpar studien en deduktiv ansats. Slutsats Slutsatsen som kan dras i denna studie är att due diligence vid företagsförvärv genomförs i praktiken ungefär som Sevenius (2021) beskrivning av processen där det ingår fem steg; förberedelse, informationsinsamling, analys, rapportering och implementering. Slutsatsen är även att informationsasymmetrin mellan köpare och säljare reduceras med en mer grundlig due diligence enligt samtliga företrädare för advokat- och revisionsbyråer. Företrädare för advokatoch revisionsbyråer hanterar informationsasymmetrin mellan två parter genom exempelvis sekretessavtal eller att rådgivarna fungerar som ombud för klienten och erhåller information om målbolaget.

High rates of employee turnover in the legal sector are an internationally recognized problem. Despite persistent efforts from business law firms, many lawyers choose to leave their employer. This suggests these business law firms struggle with talent management and employee retention. Based on several concepts from organizational theory, this study investigates which motivational forces contribute to employee retention at Swedish business law firms. Data has been collected through semi-structured interviews with six respondents; working as associates, senior associate and partner at their respective firms. The empirical findings show that affective, contractual and calculative forces contribute most to lawyers choosing to stay at their law firms. Meanwhile, normative, alternative, behavioral, moral/ethical and constituent factors contributed little or nothing to employee retention. Complementary factors such as compensation, fringe benefits and work-life balance were also not regarded as decisive in the lawyers’ decisions to remain.

Tennessee does not have a formal state-wide required mentoring program for Tennessee lawyers. Mentoring programs are available to Tennessee lawyers but no uniform standards exist. It has been suggested that providers of mentoring programs should develop strategies for improving and expanding mentoring experiences for new lawyers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate attitudes towards mentoring by Tennessee lawyers who are within their first 5 years of practice. The researcher sought to identify the perceptions of new lawyers regarding mentoring to better understand mentoring’s role within the legal profession. The methodology for this study was nonexperimental quantitative survey research. The survey instrument was an electronic questionnaire. The survey consisted of demographic questions and 17 items that were divided into 3 dimensions: Value of Mentoring, Access to Mentoring, and Structure of Mentoring. Demographic data consisted of gender, type of practice (private solo practice, small firms of 2-10 lawyers, large firms of 11 or more lawyers, government practice, or other) and years of experience (less than 1 year, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years of experience). Of the 1,433 possible participants, 287 (20.02%) responded to the survey. Nine research questions were addressed using ANOVA and independent-samples t tests. The significant finding in this study indicated female attorneys have a stronger preference for mentoring experiences and programs with greater structure (Structure of Mentoring dimension). The Value of Mentoring and Access to Mentoring dimension scores were not statistically significantly different in the demographics consisting of gender, type of practice (private solo practice, small firms of 2-10 lawyers, large firms of 11 or more lawyers, government practice, or other) or years of experience (less than 1 year, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years of experience).

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Law firms maintain and store voluminous amounts of highly confidential and proprietary data, such as attorney-client privileged information, intellectual properties, financials, trade secrets, personal, and other sensitive information. There is an ethical obligation to protect law firm client data from unauthorized access. Security breaches jeopardize the reputation of the law firm and could have a substantial financial impact if these confidential data are compromised. Information security policies describe the security goals of a law firm and the acceptable actions and uses of law firm information resources. In this dissertation investigation, the author examined the problem of whether information security policies assist with preventing unauthorized parties from accessing law firm confidential and sensitive information. In 2005, Doherty and Fulford performed an exploratory analysis of security policies and security breach incidents that highlighted the need for research with different target populations. This investigation advanced Doherty and Fulford's research by targeting information security policies and security breach incidents in law firms. The purpose of this dissertation investigation was to determine whether there is a correlation between the timing of security policy development (proactive versus reactive policy development) and the frequency and severity of security breach incidents in law firms of varying sizes. Outcomes of this investigation correlated with Doherty and Fulford's general findings of no evidence of statistically significant relationships between the existence of a written information security policy and the frequency and severity of security breach incidents within law firms. There was also a weak relationship between infrequency of information security policy updates and increase of theft resources. Results demonstrated that, generally, written information security policies in law firms were not created in response to a security breach incident. These findings suggest that information security policies generally are proactively developed by law firms. Important contributions to the body of knowledge from this analysis included the effectiveness of information security policies in reducing the number of computer security breach incidents of law firms, an under represented population, in the information assurance field. Also, the analysis showed the necessity for law firms to become more immersed in state security breach notification law requirements.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A responsabilidade civil do advogado é um tema que merece destaque sob a perspectiva civil constitucional. A abrangência dessa relação jurídica pelo Código de Defesa do Consumidor e a natureza negocial multiforme da relação estabelecida entre o advogado e o cliente, cuja normativa deve ser estabecida tendo em vista o caso concreto, são pontos de destaque desse trabalho, assim como a aplicabilidade do consentimento informado. Nessa toada, pretende-se conferir o enfoque funcional a partir da releitura das classificações tradicionais da responsabilidade civil em contratual, extracontratual, subjetiva, objetiva e entre as obrigações de meio e resultado para em seguida, analisarmos das hipóteses mais frequentes de responsabilização, quais sejam: a perda de uma chance, o abuso do direito processual e a reversão de liminares revertidas ao final do processo. Por fim, dentre as tendências de prevenção e precaução de danos da responsabilidade civil, revela-se a formalização de seguros de responsabilidade profissional para advogados. / Liability of attorney is a topic that deserves attention from the perspective of the constitutional civil measure. The scope of this legal relationship by the Consumer Protection Code and the nature of multifaceted relationship between lawyer and client, whose rules must be developed further in view of the case, are highlights of this work, as well as the applicability of informed consent. In this tune, it is intended to confer the functional approach from the rereading of traditional classifications of liability in contract, tort, subjective, objective, and between the obligations of means and results to then analyze the most common assumptions of accountability, which are: the loss of a chance, the abuse of procedural law and the reversal of court orders reversed at the end of the process. Finally, among the trends of precaution and prevention of damage to civil liability, it is the formalization of professional liability insurance for lawyers.

No description available.