L’entreprise en difficulté est une terre de conflit entre plusieurs intérêts. L’étude du perfectionnement des règles substantielles permet de déterminer les intérêts protégés en droit et en fait. Ces derniers ressortent du contenu et de la fonction de la notion de l’intérêt de l’entreprise. L’équilibre est trouvé entre la rationalité économique et la rationalité juridique. Il se heurte, néanmoins, aux dispositions du licenciement inadaptées à la situation des entreprises en cessation des paiements. De fait, son absence dans la procédure de sauvegarde ne porte pas préjudice à son efficacité d’autant qu’elle s’inscrit dans un mouvement d’anticipation et de contractualisation. Le droit judiciaire des entreprises en difficulté renvoie aux règles régissant le droit processuel et la répartition des pouvoirs entre les intervenants. Si la situation du débiteur s’est améliorée, la place faite aux créanciers, particulièrement dans la procédure des comités, n’est pas audacieuse. La consultation de droit commun reprend au moindre incident. Tout un mal pour rien ! Notre étude ne se justifie pas seulement en raison du contexte économique et social, mais aussi en raison de la spécificité du droit processuel. Après les dernières réformes, un état des lieux s’est imposé. / A company in distress is a ground for conflict between different interests. Studies on the development of legal rules allow determining the interests protected in law and fact. The latter emerge from the content and function of the notion of the company’s interests. The equilibrium is found between economic rationality and legal rationality. However, it faces the provisions of the laws of layoffs inappropriate to the situation of companies in insolvency. In fact, the absence of this scheme in the backup procedure does not affect its effectiveness especially as it is part of a movement of anticipation and contracting. The judicial law of firms-in-difficulty refers to the judicial rules governing procedural law and the distribution of power among stakeholders. If the debtor's situation has improved, the place given to creditors, particularly in the procedure involving creditors’ committees, is not audacious. Consultations of common law resumes at the slightest incident. Much trouble for nothing! Our study is not only justified by the economic and social context, but also because of the specificity of procedural laws. After the latest reforms, an inventory was necessary.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis gathered survey data to investigate American willingness to participate in short-time compensation programs and what attributes found in other countries’ programs they find palatable. Because multiple workers in similar states were surveyed online, the data show what various workers need from a short-time compensation program.

Text in Afrikaans / Hoë werkloosheid het 'n permanente kenmerk van die moderne samelweing geword en daarom word daar huidiglik baie aandag geskenk aan die psigologiese impak van werkloosheid op die werklose persoon en sy gesin. Die teoretiese benadering van hierdie studie is dat werksverlies 'n stresvolle lewensgebeurtenis is waarvan die impak binne 'n sistemiese benadering bestudeer is. Die kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetode is gevolg. Die navorsingsresultate is verkry deur in-diepte onderhoude te voer met agt blanke getroude pare. Die resultate van die onderhoude is vergelyk met bestaande navorsing oor die impak van onwillekeurige werksverlies op die individu en sy gesin. Resultate dui daarop dat werksverlies 'n verpletterende ervaring is vir sommige pare terwyl dit in ander huwelikke lei tot groter intimiteit en persoonlike groei. Veranderlikes wat vir hierdie verskille verantwoordelik is, word geidentifiseer. Implikasies vir toekomstige navorsing word bespreek. / High unemployment has become a permanent feature of modern-day society. As a result there has been an increased interest in the psychological impact of involuntary job loss on the individual and his family. The theoretical appraoch of this study is that job loss is a stressful life event which is studies within the subsystem of the family. The research design is the qualitative method that was executed by conducting depth interviews with eight white couples. The results of the interviews were compared with those of previous research relating to the impact of involuntary job loss on the individual and his family. Results show that job loss is a devastating experience for some couples while other couples experience it as a opportunity for personal growth and increased intimacy in the relationship. Factors that account for these differences are identified. Implications for future research are discussed. / Psychology / M.A. (Sielkundige Navorsing)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiano Zavanella.pdf: 617869 bytes, checksum: 4c371b6d29716f214340036c5aabf68b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-14 / This thesis aims to study the phenomenon of collective layoffs, its impacts, the treatment it receives in our system and in other countries of relief on the world stage, emptying the suggestion proceduralizing this business as with emphasis on the role that the State should play and not do it satisfactorily. Firstly, faces the question of how termination of the labor contract, their ratings and discussion of the self - application of Article 7 I of the Federal Constitution regarding the sealing of layoffs, its conceptualization and differentiation Call dismissal without cause, then passing itself to address the issue of substance which are the collective layoffs and treatment that doctrine, though scarce tell true exemption for the construction of its definition and scope. After this necessary overview, the work focuses on the issue of so-called fundamental rights incidents in the sport, to demonstrate the importance of each, especially the dignity of the human person, the solidarism, good faith and its accompanying duties and the conjunction of free enterprise from the perspective of the social function of the company, and as such should be read or treated in any principled application, the discussion of collective layoffs when required, by the logic of poisement and what is in fact the current view on not only the also most important application of the principles to the present case. Next step it is a scan models comparative law and also in the main EU standards and ILO, with emphasis on recent Spanish legislation on collective dismissals and what of value can help us in internal confrontations. Forward the study turns to the domestic legal framework and demonstrates the fragility, lack of regulatory treatment of corporate layoffs, despite the express constitutional provision, must not be a subterfuge for the judiciary to shrug delicate issue that bears a huge weight and social, and that therefore bailing out from the application of the principles previously exploited should, as indeed has been doing, their disciplinary steps and evaluate its effectiveness. Finally practical situations and demonstrate that the proposed sealing regulanting collective layoffs, in particular, called the case are brought Embraer, then going for - proposals and suggestions proceduralizing through specific legislation should provide for all the maximum possible formal situations and materials for assessing whether a collective dismissal is lawful or unlawful, closing with the active role of the front of this debate, which is nonetheless generate social ills, and the possibilities for state action to avoid or minimize impacts act of this business / A presente dissertação se propõe ao estudo do fenômeno das dispensas coletivas, seus impactos, o tratamento que recebe em nosso ordenamento jurídico e em outros países de relevo no cenário mundial, tendo por fio condutor a procedimentalização dessa modalidade de extinção de contratos de trabalho derivada de causa objetiva, com ênfase para o papel que o Estado deveria desempenhar e não o faz a contento. Em primeiro lugar enfrenta-se a questão das modalidades de extinção do contrato de trabalho, suas classificações e o debate sobre autoaplicação do artigo 7º, I da Constituição Federal em relação à vedação das dispensas arbitrárias, sua conceituação e diferenciação da chamada dispensa sem justa causa. Subsequentemente, passa-se, então, para a questão de fundo que são as dispensas coletivas e o tratamento que a doutrina escassa diga-se bem verdade dispensa em relação à construção de sua definição e alcance. Passado esse necessário apanhado, o trabalho foca-se na questão dos chamados direitos fundamentais incidentes na modalidade, visando demonstrar a importância de cada qual, notadamente no tocante à dignidade da pessoa humana, do solidarismo, da boa-fé, de seus deveres anexos e da conjunção da livre-iniciativa sob a ótica da função social da empresa. Além disso, discorre como tais atributos devem ser lidos ou tratados em necessária aplicação principiológica, tendo em vista o que o debate das dispensas coletivas no momento exige ante a falta de positivação. No passo seguinte realiza-se uma varredura nos modelos de Direito Comparado e também nas principais normas da União Europeia e da OIT, com destaque para a recente legislação espanhola sobre as dispensas coletivas e aquilo que de oportuno pode nos auxiliar no enfrentamento interno. Adiante o estudo se volta para o arcabouço jurídico nacional e demonstra como a fragilidade, pela ausência de tratamento normativo das dispensas coletivas (e apesar da expressa determinação constitucional) não deve servir de subterfúgio para que o Judiciário dê de ombros para tão delicada questão que carrega um enorme peso e cunho sociais. Neste sentido, deve como aliás vem fazendo disciplinar suas etapas e avaliar sua efetivação de modo a socorrer-se da aplicação dos princípios anteriormente explorados. Por fim são trazidas situações práticas que demonstram e chancelam a proposta de regramento das dispensas coletivas, em especial, do chamado caso Embraer, passando-se, então, para as propostas e sugestões de procedimentalização, por meio de legislação específica que deverá prever todo o máximo possível de situações formais e materiais a fim de que se avalie se uma dispensa coletiva é lícita ou ilícita. Ao término verifica-se como se desenvolve o papel ativo do Estado frente a tal debate, que não deixa de gerar mazelas sociais, além de suas possibilidades de ação para evitar ou minimizar os impactos desse ato empresarial

Text in Afrikaans / Hoë werkloosheid het 'n permanente kenmerk van die moderne samelweing geword en daarom word daar huidiglik baie aandag geskenk aan die psigologiese impak van werkloosheid op die werklose persoon en sy gesin. Die teoretiese benadering van hierdie studie is dat werksverlies 'n stresvolle lewensgebeurtenis is waarvan die impak binne 'n sistemiese benadering bestudeer is. Die kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetode is gevolg. Die navorsingsresultate is verkry deur in-diepte onderhoude te voer met agt blanke getroude pare. Die resultate van die onderhoude is vergelyk met bestaande navorsing oor die impak van onwillekeurige werksverlies op die individu en sy gesin. Resultate dui daarop dat werksverlies 'n verpletterende ervaring is vir sommige pare terwyl dit in ander huwelikke lei tot groter intimiteit en persoonlike groei. Veranderlikes wat vir hierdie verskille verantwoordelik is, word geidentifiseer. Implikasies vir toekomstige navorsing word bespreek. / High unemployment has become a permanent feature of modern-day society. As a result there has been an increased interest in the psychological impact of involuntary job loss on the individual and his family. The theoretical appraoch of this study is that job loss is a stressful life event which is studies within the subsystem of the family. The research design is the qualitative method that was executed by conducting depth interviews with eight white couples. The results of the interviews were compared with those of previous research relating to the impact of involuntary job loss on the individual and his family. Results show that job loss is a devastating experience for some couples while other couples experience it as a opportunity for personal growth and increased intimacy in the relationship. Factors that account for these differences are identified. Implications for future research are discussed. / Psychology / M.A. (Sielkundige Navorsing)

Den tidigare forskning som finns inom området gällande medarbetarengagemang vid neddragningar är relativt omfattande och fokuserar främst på sambandet mellan dessa faktorer. Forskningen skildrar neddragningar som en strategisk plan för att undvika försämrad ekonomisk stabilitet hos organisationer. Utformning och implementering av neddragningsprocesser har visats påverka medarbetares engagemang, vilket bland annat inkluderar kommunikation, samspel och involvering. Covid-19-pandemin har inneburit att flertalet organisationer, framför allt inom besöksnäringen, tvingats till ett omfattande omställningsarbete med neddragningar som följd. Dock är området för pandemin relativt outforskat, det saknas forskning med fokus på upplevelsen av hur neddragningar som skett till följd av pandemin har inverkat på kvarvarande medarbetares engagemang baserat på ledningens val av strategier. Den här studien syftar därmed till att få djupare förståelse över organisationers strategiska arbete för att bibehålla kvarvarande medarbetares engagemang vid neddragningar under en pandemi. Studien baseras på en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer med sammanlagt åtta respondenter, vilka utgör representanter från både lednings- och medarbetarnivå. Studien undersöker ett specifikt fall i en organisation med inriktning på rederibranschen inom besöksnäringen och är därmed utformad som en fallstudie. Den insamlade empirin har sammanställts och analyserats genom en tematisk analys. Resultatet från studien visar att pandemins påverkan på organisationens omställningsarbete har bidragit med såväl positiva som negativa effekter på kvarvarande medarbetares engagemang. Kommunikation utgör en viktig grundpelare som bör genomsyra organisationens arbete på samtliga nivåer för att bidra till involvering och förståelse. Studien bidrar även med intressanta och betydelsefulla aspekter inför framtida studier gällande medarbetarengagemang vid neddragningar. Pandemin har även inneburit en samhällsförändring som medfört att ledningens strategier och kvarvarande medarbetares engagemang har påverkats annorlunda vid jämförelse med andra neddragningsprocesser. Det har i sin tur medfört nya arbetssätt som kan bli avgörande inför framtida händelser. / The previous research into the relationship between a downsizing process and the resulting employee commitment is quite comprehensive. It describes the downsizing process as a strategic plan, necessary to avoid deteriorating economic performance in organizations. The design and implementation of downsizing processes, through communication, teamwork and involvement, has also been shown to influence remaining employees’ commitment. During the Covid-19-pandemic organizations, especially in the hospitality industry, have been forced to carry out extensive changes to working practice including resulting in downsizing. However, the effects of pandemic downsizing are relatively unexplored. Especially lacking is a focus on the remaining employees' experience of the effects of downsizing and their subsequent commitment, arising from management’s choice and modification of strategies. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of organizations’ strategic work to maintain the commitment of remaining employees during downsizing processes as a result of a pandemic. It is based on a qualitative method using semi-structured interviews, from a total of eight respondents, representing both management and employee levels. The study examines a specific event in an organization in the hospitality industry with focus on the shipping industry and is designed as a case study. The collected empirical data has been compiled and analyzed using a themed analysis. The results from this study show that the pandemic's impact on the organization's working practices has had both positive and negative effects on employee commitment. Communication is an important pillar that should permeate the organization's work at all levels to contribute to involvement and understanding. The study also highlights a number of interesting and significant considerations for future studies regarding downsizing and employee commitment. The pandemic has also resulted in a societal change that has meant that management's strategies and remaining employees’ commitment have been affected differently when compared with other downsizing processes. This in turn has led to new ways of working that can influence future events.

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