To ensure the success of a company, it is essential for supervisors to interact effectively with the employees they oversee. Effective interactions between supervisor and employee go hand-in-hand with employee satisfaction, which can impact firm performance. The purpose of this thesis is to examine key drivers of employee satisfaction. Specifically, this thesis tests whether or not employees with supervisors of the same sex as themselves are more satisfied than employees with supervisors of the opposite sex. It also compares and contrasts the level of satisfaction an employee has in correspondence with transformational and transactional leadership styles and whether this relationship is contingent on the employee's level of work experience.

The purpose of this study was to identify the leadership styles of elementary school principals who are implementing a change process at a high level (the district's Master Plan for students with Limited English Proficiency) and to describe their perceptions of bilingual education. This study also examined the relationship between the principals' leadership style and their perceptions of bilingual education. Each of the 10 participants completed the Leadership Behavior Analysis II, a questionnaire on perceptions of bilingual education and was interviewed. All of the principals were identified as having a supportive leadership style and 90% were identified as having a positive perception of bilingual education. The participants tended to be flexible in their use of different leadership styles and were able to utilize appropriate styles for a given situation. The participants with more training and personal experiences with bilingual education tended to have more positive perceptions about the program. The principals with more positive perceptions of bilingual education tended to select the most appropriate styles for a particular situation. All participants had positive perceptions of bilingual education in terms of its effect on students' social and emotional adjustment. The results of the instruments correspond to the research regarding implementing change. The research points to the principal as being a key player in determining the effectiveness of a change effort. Also, the leadership style of the principal is crucial in terms of motivating, encouraging, and supporting staff members involved in change. The supportive behaviors focusing on personal relationships are important characteristics for effective principals. The research emphasizes the importance of providing appropriate programs for students learning English as a second language. The study provided recommendations in terms of the training and hiring of principals and in regards to effectively implementing change in an organization.

Background: A changing world requires strong leadership. The pressure can increase in the event of the effects of a macroeconomic crisis in listed companies, as the demands from primarily shareholders increase. When a company is public, mandates within the leadership become even more important. Leadership in crisis and the crisis management work itself is decisive for how a listed company should instill security and stability. Through the ability to adapt the leadership according to the given situation, the leader can succeed in crisis management and at the same time motivate the employees in an effective way. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe and analyze leadership styles in listed companies and whether leadership adapts during a macroeconomic crisis. Method: The study is based on qualitative interview research and has an abductive approach. Literature, newspaper articles and scientific articles form the basis of the study's theoretical frame of reference. The study's empirical material is based on semi-structured interviews with six leaders from different levels and experience. What they have in common is that they all base their leadership experiences from listed companies. Conclusions: Leadership must be adapted in the event of a macroeconomic crisis. As a leader, you should come forward and be extra clear, visible and communicative. If this is not done, uncertainty will arise and employees may find it more difficult to perform. The leader's actions are fundamental in crisis management. In addition, the study shows that the more leadership experience a leader has behind them, the greater understanding the leader has of what adaptations are required from a purely strategic point of view for the interests of the company and the shareholders. The study shows that it is not unusual for a leader who normally adopts a certain leadership style, e.g. transformative leadership style (which means to change), to adopt the authoritarian style with great confidence, when it is necessary to get employees to engage in the company's goals in stressful situations.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the leadership style of high school principals and their faculties' level of communication satisfaction. The study was also concerned with the relationship of the respondents' biographical data with leadership style and communication satisfaction. Subjects were selected from a population that consisted of thirty—two high schools in the North Central Texas Area. Each school that participated in the study had its faculty respond to the Communication Satisfaction Questionnaire and a teacher biographical data survey. Each school's principal responded to the Least Preferred Co—Worker Scale, principals' Communication Satisfaction Questionnaire, and a biographical data survey. The results were then analyzed using simple and multiple regression.

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If artificial intelligence (AI) was previously represented by a chat bot that helps with simpler customer service matters, then the future AI is expected to handle extensive and strategic tasks for companies. AI is constantly evolving, and it is still unclear how intelligent AI can actually become, and where the limits go for AI's capabilities. The rapid development of AI contributes, among other things, to increased productivity, higher efficiency, and higher profitmargins and revenues for companies. Today, AI has already taken over and streamlined several tasks that were previously performed by humans, as AI in many cases is actually faster and more efficient than humans are. On the other hand, human traits tend to become increasingly rare as a result of AI development, which means that these traits may now bevalued higher than ever before. Furthermore, AI development may result in resistance from employees as it creates a feeling of anxiety and frustration. A challenge for today's leaders isto realize the types of resistance that AI can bring and try to deal with these as quickly as possible. Emotional intelligence is therefore of great importance and contributes to an increased understanding of others, as well as more effective communication. This study aims to investigate how business-economics literature presents the impact of AI on organizations and organizational leadership, as well as how EI can contribute to a betterimplementation of AI within organizations. How is AI expected to change the role of aleader? And how is EI expected to affect the leader's ability to implement and use AI in organizations? This is studied qualitatively through a text analysis and a phenomenographic analysis where scientific and web articles are analyzed to answer the aim of the study. Through this, the study helps to draw attention to, and analyze, the perception that exists regarding AI and EI in relation to leadership and organizations. The study can thus help leaders and decision makers to further understand how AI effectively can be implemented in organizations. The study also helps to draw attention to the need for further research in the subject.

Yes / Purpose – While the importance of leadership in various domains has been highlighted in the extant literature, effective leadership in the context of higher education sector has not been well addressed in the leadership scholarship. There is a need to address the challenge of leadership effectiveness in the education sector, including business schools, given the failures noticed in the sector attributed to poor-quality leadership. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore the factors that affected leadership in the context of higher education institutions. Design/methodology/approach – The research is exploratory in nature as the study critically reviewed extant literature surrounding leadership practices specifically from a public-sector context to identify factors affecting leadership effectiveness. Findings – The findings of the study pointed out that, regardless of the nation or organisation, leadership effectiveness is a factor that is dependent on how well the followers have accepted the leader. This indicates that, amongst the different challenges explored in this study, leadership effectiveness is not only a challenge by itself but is also affected by other challenges, including leadership practice and style. Research limitations/implications – This research provides a better understanding of the critical factors affecting leadership practice of deans of business schools and how the styles’ influence on leadership practice, the relationship between leadership practice and leadership effectiveness and how leadership style translates into leadership effectiveness. Originality/value – This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge surrounding leadership scholarship from a public-sector context about the challenges that affect leadership effectiveness in the context of HEIs and stimulates further investigation into those challenges.

Today, the number of female executives in companies globally is growing, whilst in Sweden the number has decreased over the past five years. During these years, a new generation has started to establish themselves on the labor market, a generation told to have different opinions on what they are looking for in a leader. For that reason, this study aims to examine how different generations of Swedish employees within the private sector value and discuss different leadership styles and leadership behaviors. This study concluded that a stereotypical male leadership style was rated higher by both generations when shown by a male leader than a female leader. The older generation promoted a stereotypical female leadership when shown in a male leader while the younger generation thought that this showed unprofessionalism. Both generations spoke in high regard of the stereotypical female leadership when shown in a female leader. In summary this study contributes with an increased understanding on how the gender of a leader plays a great part in the assessment of their behavior.