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This research examined the development of consumer product manufacturer's liability between 1890 and 1981. h large percentage of the manufacturers were involved in monopolies, suppression of free trade, price conspiracies, and fraudulent advertisments. Negligence in design and manufacture frequently resulted in defective products. Responsible writers exposed: dangerous foods; chemicals; insecticides; unethical manufacturing methods; and numerous injuries or deaths from defective consumer products. Three periods of organized consumerism, 1890-1917, 19271941; and 1962-1981, created congressional pressure for consumer-oriented legislation. Five presidents used the power of their offices to pressure congress to protect the public. The states adopted the federal Workmen's Compensation Law of 1908 to provide assistance for individuals who suffered job-related injuries or death. Additional consumer-oriented laws enabled injured workers to sue for damages through the courts. Organized women's clubs worked through industrial representatives and congress to correct flagrant manufacturing abuses and establish standards.

Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-29T16:49:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KELYANA DA SILVA LUSTOSA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGED) 2018.pdf: 1744600 bytes, checksum: adcfbbaf411000e77af926c290cde296 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-29T16:49:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KELYANA DA SILVA LUSTOSA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGED) 2018.pdf: 1744600 bytes, checksum: adcfbbaf411000e77af926c290cde296 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-23 / Capes / O objetivo desta dissertação foi compreender como a Campanha de Educação Popular (Ceplar) se constituiu e desenvolveu sua prática político-educativa na Paraíba, no período de 1961 a 1964, e, nesta atuação, que diálogos estabeleceu com as Ligas Camponesas da Paraíba. Visando atender a este objetivo maior, definimos os seguintes objetivos específicos: 1- Contextualizar a Educação Popular no Brasil, no cenário político-social e educacional na década de 1960, e a influência do pensamento freireano nos movimentos educativos populares do período, dentre estes a Ceplar; 2- Situar e analisar a emergência dos movimentos campesinos e movimentos educativos populares na década de 1960, e quais as articulações e fundamentos político-pedagógicos que os influenciaram; 3- Analisar a vinculação estabelecida entre a Ceplar e as Ligas Camponesas da Paraíba, e refletir sobre o porquê da prática educativa da Ceplar ter sido considerada como uma atividade de caráter subversivo. Do ponto de vista teórico, nos referenciamos na abordagem dialética, numa perspectiva do materialismo histórico para tecer nossas análises e reflexões. As categorias analíticas Estado Ampliado, Intelectual Orgânico de Antônio Gramsci e Conscientização de Paulo Freire, orientaram o esforço de apropriação e entendimento do objeto de estudo. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o processo investigativo que resultou nesta dissertação esteve ancorado em um tripé formado por três grandes procedimentos de pesquisa: o estudo exploratório, a análise documental e os relatos orais de memória. Ao longo do trabalho foi possível compreender o momento histórico e teórico que provocaram e orientaram as formulações da Ceplar, que foram: a reorientação do capitalismo na perspectiva desenvolvimentista, a efervescência política e social dos anos 1960 na Paraíba, e em todo o Brasil, o surgimento de organizações sociais campesinas, e de uma nova concepção de Educação Popular, principalmente a partir do pensamento de Paulo Freire. A prática educativo-cultural da Ceplar, embora curta e abortada pelo golpe militar, foi uma experiência muito rica ao acenar ao horizonte de possibilidade. A sua contribuição para a organização camponesa na Paraíba apontou a possibilidade de que os sujeitos campesinos, considerados invisíveis assumissem um protagonismo social. A existência de pensamentos e práticas que contribuíam para suscitar essa ideia emancipatória assustou o latifúndio e as propostas conservadoras, fazendo com que sua prática educativa fosse considerada ―subversiva‖. / The objective of this dissertation was to understand how the Popular Education Campaign (Ceplar) was constituted and developed its political-educational practice in Paraíba, from 1961 to 1964, and in this work, which dialogues established with the Peasant League of Paraíba. In order to meet this larger objective, we defined the following specific objectives: 1 - To contextualize Popular Education in Brazil, in the politico-social and educational scenario in the 1960s, and the influence of Freirean thought in the popular educational movements of the period, among these to Ceplar; 2- Situate and analyze the emergence of peasant movements and popular educational movements in the 1960s, and what articulations and political-pedagogical foundations that influenced them; 3- Analyze the established link between Ceplar and the Peasant League of Paraíba, and reflect on why Ceplar's educational practice has been considered as an activity of subversive character. From the theoretical point of view, we refer in the dialectical approach, in a perspective of historical materialism to weave our analyzes and reflections. The analytical categories Extended State, Intellectual Organic of Antônio Gramsci and Awareness of Paulo Freire, guided the effort of appropriation and understanding of the object of study. From the methodological point of view, the investigative process that resulted in this dissertation was anchored in a tripod formed by three great research procedures: the exploratory study, the documentary analysis and the oral reports of memory. Throughout the work it was possible to understand the historical and theoretical moment that provoked and guided the formulations of Ceplar, which were: the reorientation of capitalism in the development perspective, the political and social effervescence of the 1960s in Paraíba, and throughout Brazil, the emergence of peasant social organizations, and of a new conception of Popular Education, mainly from the thought of Paulo Freire. The educational-cultural practice of Ceplar, though short and aborted by the military coup, was a very rich experience in waving to the horizon of possibility. His contribution to the peasant organization in Paraíba pointed to the possibility that peasant subjects, considered invisible, would assume a social role. The existence of thoughts and practices that contributed to this emancipatory idea frightened the latifundio and conservative proposals, making its educational practice considered "subversive".

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-06T11:36:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-12 / A participação em Ligas Acadêmicas de Medicina é hoje a mais frequente atividade extracurricular em muitos cursos de medicina brasileiros. Além da crescente frequência, é inegável que esta atividade pode desempenhar um papel significativo na formação acadêmica destes alunos. Dúvidas sobre o referido papel das ligas, o perfil dos participantes, as rotinas de atividades e metodologias, dentre outras permanecem sem resposta, sobretudo em função da escassez de estudos sobre o tema e, em alguns casos, uma certa indiferença de docentes e das próprias instituições de ensino superior(IES). Este estudo investigou as ligas acadêmicas de medicina da cidade de Belém do Pará, com o intuito de caracterizar suas atividades, processos metodológicos, perfil e motivação dos integrantes. Com uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa, questionários e entrevistas foram aplicados aos integrantes de ligas da cidade, e aos coordenadores dos cursos onde estas ligas atuam. Em um primeiro momento a análise dos questionários forneceu subsídios para a montagem do roteiro das entrevistas semiestruturadas que foram conduzidas em sequência. Através da sistemática análise do conteúdo colhido, levantamos dados referentes as ligas e seus integrantes, que poderão ser utilizados para colaborar com o aperfeiçoamento desta prática. / At present, the participation in Academic Leagues of Medicine is the most frequent extracurricular activity in many medical Brazilians courses. Besides the increasing frequency, it is clear that this activity may play a significant role in the academic formation of these students. Questions regarding the role of such leagues, the participants´ profile, the routine of activities and methodologies, among others, remain unanswered, especially due to the scarcity of studies on this subject and, in some cases, certain indifference of the faculty staff and of the higher education institutions (HEIs). This study aimed to analyze the academic leagues of medicine in the city of Belém do Pará, in order to characterize their activities, methodological processes, membership’ profile and motivation. A qualitative approach was predominantly used with questionnaires and interviews applied to the leagues´ members of this city and to the coordinators of the courses where these entities act. In the first moment, analysis of the questionnaires provided information for the writing of the semi-structured interviews that were then conducted. Through systematic analysis of the content, data regarding leagues and their members were collected in order to collaborate to the improvement of this practice.

Orientador: Jose Luiz Boldrini / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T13:01:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Calsavara_BiancaMorelliRodolfo_D.pdf: 3864380 bytes, checksum: 70fdcd983958ae1841bf7f8946627c47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Neste trabalho estudamos dois modelos envolvendo funções campo de fase para solidificação de ligas. O primeiro modelo discutido é um sistema envolvendo duas funções campo de fase e o segundo é um sistema envolvendo três funções campo de fase. Aqui são discutidas existência, regularidade, estabilidade em relação aos dados iniciais e termo forçante e unicidade de solução para os sistemas de equações diferenciais parciais não-lineares que representam tais modelos. Também são discutidos vários problemas de controle ótimo envolvendo esses dois modelos de solidificação. Estes problemas consistem em minimizar um funcional de custo utilizando soluções destes sistemas sob certas restrições. São discutidos aqui problemas envolvendo várias restrições distintas, sendo elas tanto no controle quanto no estado. Para cada um destes problemas é verificada a existência de controle ótimo e também é utilizado o formalismo de Dubovitskii e Milyutin para encontrar condições necessárias de otimalidade / Abstract: In this work we study two phase field models for solidification of alloys involving two and three phase field functions. These models are generalization of model treated by Hoffman and Jiang in [9]. In this work we discuss existence, uniqueness, regularity and continuous dependence of solutions of these systems of differential partial equation. We also deal with some optimal contraI problems involving different constraints; for each such problem we discuss existence of an optimal contraI and we use Dubovitskii and Milyutin formalism to obtain necessary conditions for optimality / Doutorado / Doutor em Matemática

Doctor of Education / Department of Educational Leadership / Gerald D. Bailey / The role and function of museums in education has been debated along several lines of inquiry. For the majority of museum institutions, the most vital, consistent audience they have comes from the public and private schools in their communities. This is critical for museums trying to maintain relevancy in the national education climate that has increased emphasis on curriculum and testing standards. Founded in 1990, the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum (NLBM) in Kansas City, Missouri has preserved and taught African American baseball history from the late 1800s through the 1960s. Although the museum had received positive commentary from visitors, and well received attention from the international press, it had not undergone any major changes to its design since it opened its permanent facility in 1997. Of chief concern to the museum was its ability to attract school age learners with their teachers to the institution. The museum had a number of layers by which it presented historical information and each layer needed some level of evaluation. There were a number of informative examples of museum evaluation and assessment available for review, but no tool or model existed specifically designed to assist museums in evaluating exhibition content for educational value. This study reports on methods by which the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum (NLBM) could improve and enhance exhibitions. It explored the current trends and scholarship involving museums and education, museum exhibition evaluation, and Negro Leagues historical scholarship. A multi-step research processed evolved for use in the study, featuring detailed literature reviews and interviews from educators, historians, museum professionals, and a grant awarding foundation expert. This study targets museum professionals responsible for interpretation and creation of exhibitions, including curatorial staff and museum educators. The study also informs other museum leaders regarding the process by which high quality educational material is created for the museum environment. A set of important themes and evaluation questions were formed as a result of the interviews and literature review. The study offered critical thinking questions for the evaluation process and suggests recommendations for implementation. The study also implies action plan strategies for implementation of an evaluation process.

This thesis is a study of John Steinbeck's observations and opinions during twenty-eight years of writing about the relationships between people of difference economics and social classes.

Educators are in a distinctive position of influencing children's appreciation for diverse cultures and heritages of the world. A number of exceptional texts are utilized in American libraries and schools portraying the African American struggle for equality. Many of those texts focus on the significant societal and political heroes such as Martin Luther King, Jr. and Rosa Parks. While these titles are essential to the story of the Civil Rights experience, this article explores lesser known texts, yet they provide gateways to understanding and empathetic perspectives for men who struggled to play baseball in the equal manner to their white counterparts. Rube Foster, Cool Papa Bell and Satchel Paige are some of baseball's most interesting characters; sadly, very few children know about them. This article examines the stories of men with a special page in history: The Negro Leagues, 1920-1960.

This essay examines hierarchical structures in two versions of Jules Vernes’ Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1870). A full translation by Erik Carlquist is compared with a retelling of the story by Peter Gotthardt (2010), and the comparison is intended to show similarities and differences in the hierarchical structures that can be found in the two versions. The essay uses an ecofeminist perspective to locate and analyse the hierarchies, and a postcolonial view is also present to deepen the analysis of the imperialistic aspects that can be found in the novel. The essay examines the relationship between human and nature, civilisation and the primitive and also between four characters in the novels. The essay shows that the hierarchical structures that can be found in the full translation can still be observed in the retelling, even though the retelling is around 300 pages shorter. In both versions, humans are dominant in its relation to nature, and the imperialistic tendencies maintain a hierarchical relationship between civilisation and the primitive, with the nationalistic features and the Western identity further establishing the civilisation as dominant. The hierarchical structures between the characters mainly stay the same between the two versions, although attempts to flatten out the hierarchical relationships can be seen in the retelling.

Professional sports leagues in North America have seen scandals, controversies, and tragedies. There is, however, a forgotten scandal that happened in the 1990s: the Russian Mafia came dangerously close to the National Hockey League. This thesis explores the alleged Mafia connections by examining newspaper and magazine articles and documentaries focused on the issue. The limited public response to allegations of Russian Mafia involvement is contrasted with other professional sports controversies that were met with an immediate response by the leagues and fans. How North Americans viewed Russians during the post-Soviet era is also explored in this paper. This thesis examines why evident Mafia involvement with National Hockey League players did not provoke attention and sanctions by the league nor an outcry from the fans. This study will conclude the League did not react to the allegations because it felt as if the games were not harmed directly. Also, hockey fans did not find the allegations surprising because of the media's constant reports of corruption within Russia's borders, especially involving organized crime. Perhaps the lack of reaction by the National Hockey League and its fans suggests why this particular scandal is forgotten a mere 20 years later.