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This master thesis examines the North American model of sport and possibility of its application to the European environment. It is divided into theoretical and analytical part. In the theoretical part, the author first clarifies concept of sport and its individual roles in our society, it is followed by explanation of sport training, its factors and regularities. Description of models of financing sport clubs and individual elements of both North American and European models of sport concludes the theoretical part. The analytical part begins with a brief history of the most important team sport competitions in the USA and Europe and it follows with an education system of athletes in both mentioned environments. The penultimate chapter contents detailed description of the organization of professional sport competition in the Czech Republic. Analytical part ends with the SWOT analysis of possible form of the North American model of sport in European terms.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O câncer ganha cada vez mais destaque como problema de saúde pública. Desta forma, diversas estratégias somam-se com objetivo de reduzir a morbi-mortalidade associada a este conjunto de doenças. Para o pleno sucesso das políticas de controle, o profissional de saúde, em especial o médico, assume papel fundamental. Contudo, depara-se com a deficiência encontrada nos currículos das escolas médicas (EM), principalmente no que tange ao ensino de ações desenvolvidas dentro da atenção primária em saúde. No Brasil, diversos projetos genericamente denominados de Ligas Acadêmicas (LA) têm ganhado destaque como propostas para ensino, enquanto atividades extracurriculares, através da iniciativa discente. Esta dissertação tem como objetivos: (1) avaliar a capacitação de alunos de Medicina quanto a conhecimentos e práticas para prevenção, rastreamento e diagnóstico precoce das neoplasias mais frequentes no Brasil e (2) avaliar a repercussão e as propostas das LA como complementação de ensino. Foi realizada a adaptação transcultural de um questionário autopreenchível utilizado em estudos norte-americanos como instrumento para coleta de dados. Os dados foram obtidos de alunos do último ano de uma universidade pública no Rio de Janeiro. Dos 78 alunos elegíveis, 74 participaram do estudo. Destes, 87% consideram que o estudo de câncer no currículo é insuficiente. Apenas 4% souberam informar corretamente as neoplasias com protocolo de rastreamento recomendados no Brasil. Os resultados mostram que o treinamento em habilidades para o controle do câncer é fraco: quanto ao aconselhamento de pacientes, 30% receberam treinamento para orientar a cessação do tabagismo e um percentual ainda menor (15%) chegam ao final do curso sem terem sido treinados para avaliar a história nutricional dos pacientes. Em relação ao exame físico, quase 60% nunca foram treinados a realizar o exame clínico da pele, 50% terminam a graduação sem terem executado um preventivo ginecológico e quase 20% sem realizar o exame clínico das mamas. Já em relação a autopercepção, os alunos sentem-se muito mais preparados a aconselhar pacientes quanto a hábitos para prevenção do câncer. Outras variáveis estudadas (gênero, sistema de ingresso no vestibular e familiares/pessoas próximas com câncer) não afetaram o desempenho dos alunos nas dimensões avaliadas (treinamento, prática e autopercepção). Para avaliar o efeito graduação, foi utilizado um grupo controle formado por alunos do primeiro ano (n=77). Houve ganho significativo nas dimensões treinamento e prática quando comparamos os dois grupos e, numa proporção bem menor, na dimensão autopercepção. Para avaliação das LA, foi realizado um levantamento de todas as EM no Brasil que iniciaram suas atividades antes do ano de 2010 e, após relação nominal, foram identificadas aquelas com LA e com LA relacionada ao estudo do câncer. Contudo, o verdadeiro impacto destes projetos só pode ser entendido com uma análise qualitativa dos mesmos. Observa-se que, nas LA, os alunos são estimulados a desenvolver habilidades pouco abordadas nos currículos tradicionais, fundamentais para a formação profissional, como gestão, liderança, empreendedorismo, inovação, extensão universitária e construção da cidadania. / Cancer is increasingly widespread as a public health problem. In order to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated, several strategies are being implemented. When it comes to control it, the role of health professionals, particularly the physician, is of paramount importance. However, deficiencies are observed in the medical schools' (MS) curricula, especially with regard to teaching activities developed in primary health care. In Brazil, projects generically called academic leagues (AL) have been gaining attention, as extracurricular activities proposals for education, through student initiative. This work aims to: (1) evaluate the training of medical students in knowledge and practices for prevention, screening and early diagnosis of the main malignancies in Brazil and (2) evaluate the impact of the proposals of AL as supplementary teaching. Data were obtained from students in the last year at a public university in Rio de Janeiro through a self-administered questionnaire conducted in American studies, previously subjected to a cross-cultural adaptation. Seventy- eight students were considered eligible and 74 participated in the study. Of these, 87% consider that cancer studies of medical school curriculum is insufficient. Only 4% were able to correctly inform the recommended protocol for cancer screening in Brazil. Similarly, our results show that skill training for cancer control is weak: on the advice of patients, 30% received training to guide to smoking cessation and an even smaller percentage (15%) reach the end of the course without having been trained to assess the nutritional history of patients. In according to physical examination, almost 60% have never been trained to perform the clinical examination of the skin, 50% end up graduating without having executed a preventive gynecological examination and almost 20% without performing the clinical breast exam. With regard to self-perception, students feel more prepared to advise patients about cancer prevention habits. Other variables (gender, quotas for university access and family/friends with cancer) did not affect the performance of students in the dimensions evaluated (training, practice and self-perception). In order to evaluate the effect of graduation, a control group of first year students (n=77) was used. There was a significant gain in training and practice dimension comparing the two groups, and in a lower proportion, self-perception dimension. To evaluate the AL, a survey involving all MS registered in Brazil, which started academic activities before 2010 was undertaken. Despite that, we can only truly understand the real impact and the potential of these projects by undertaking qualitative analysis of their activities. It is observed that in AL, students are encouraged to develop skills not addressed in traditional curricula, such as management, leadership, entrepreneurship, innovation, health education and construction of citizenship.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O câncer ganha cada vez mais destaque como problema de saúde pública. Desta forma, diversas estratégias somam-se com objetivo de reduzir a morbi-mortalidade associada a este conjunto de doenças. Para o pleno sucesso das políticas de controle, o profissional de saúde, em especial o médico, assume papel fundamental. Contudo, depara-se com a deficiência encontrada nos currículos das escolas médicas (EM), principalmente no que tange ao ensino de ações desenvolvidas dentro da atenção primária em saúde. No Brasil, diversos projetos genericamente denominados de Ligas Acadêmicas (LA) têm ganhado destaque como propostas para ensino, enquanto atividades extracurriculares, através da iniciativa discente. Esta dissertação tem como objetivos: (1) avaliar a capacitação de alunos de Medicina quanto a conhecimentos e práticas para prevenção, rastreamento e diagnóstico precoce das neoplasias mais frequentes no Brasil e (2) avaliar a repercussão e as propostas das LA como complementação de ensino. Foi realizada a adaptação transcultural de um questionário autopreenchível utilizado em estudos norte-americanos como instrumento para coleta de dados. Os dados foram obtidos de alunos do último ano de uma universidade pública no Rio de Janeiro. Dos 78 alunos elegíveis, 74 participaram do estudo. Destes, 87% consideram que o estudo de câncer no currículo é insuficiente. Apenas 4% souberam informar corretamente as neoplasias com protocolo de rastreamento recomendados no Brasil. Os resultados mostram que o treinamento em habilidades para o controle do câncer é fraco: quanto ao aconselhamento de pacientes, 30% receberam treinamento para orientar a cessação do tabagismo e um percentual ainda menor (15%) chegam ao final do curso sem terem sido treinados para avaliar a história nutricional dos pacientes. Em relação ao exame físico, quase 60% nunca foram treinados a realizar o exame clínico da pele, 50% terminam a graduação sem terem executado um preventivo ginecológico e quase 20% sem realizar o exame clínico das mamas. Já em relação a autopercepção, os alunos sentem-se muito mais preparados a aconselhar pacientes quanto a hábitos para prevenção do câncer. Outras variáveis estudadas (gênero, sistema de ingresso no vestibular e familiares/pessoas próximas com câncer) não afetaram o desempenho dos alunos nas dimensões avaliadas (treinamento, prática e autopercepção). Para avaliar o efeito graduação, foi utilizado um grupo controle formado por alunos do primeiro ano (n=77). Houve ganho significativo nas dimensões treinamento e prática quando comparamos os dois grupos e, numa proporção bem menor, na dimensão autopercepção. Para avaliação das LA, foi realizado um levantamento de todas as EM no Brasil que iniciaram suas atividades antes do ano de 2010 e, após relação nominal, foram identificadas aquelas com LA e com LA relacionada ao estudo do câncer. Contudo, o verdadeiro impacto destes projetos só pode ser entendido com uma análise qualitativa dos mesmos. Observa-se que, nas LA, os alunos são estimulados a desenvolver habilidades pouco abordadas nos currículos tradicionais, fundamentais para a formação profissional, como gestão, liderança, empreendedorismo, inovação, extensão universitária e construção da cidadania. / Cancer is increasingly widespread as a public health problem. In order to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated, several strategies are being implemented. When it comes to control it, the role of health professionals, particularly the physician, is of paramount importance. However, deficiencies are observed in the medical schools' (MS) curricula, especially with regard to teaching activities developed in primary health care. In Brazil, projects generically called academic leagues (AL) have been gaining attention, as extracurricular activities proposals for education, through student initiative. This work aims to: (1) evaluate the training of medical students in knowledge and practices for prevention, screening and early diagnosis of the main malignancies in Brazil and (2) evaluate the impact of the proposals of AL as supplementary teaching. Data were obtained from students in the last year at a public university in Rio de Janeiro through a self-administered questionnaire conducted in American studies, previously subjected to a cross-cultural adaptation. Seventy- eight students were considered eligible and 74 participated in the study. Of these, 87% consider that cancer studies of medical school curriculum is insufficient. Only 4% were able to correctly inform the recommended protocol for cancer screening in Brazil. Similarly, our results show that skill training for cancer control is weak: on the advice of patients, 30% received training to guide to smoking cessation and an even smaller percentage (15%) reach the end of the course without having been trained to assess the nutritional history of patients. In according to physical examination, almost 60% have never been trained to perform the clinical examination of the skin, 50% end up graduating without having executed a preventive gynecological examination and almost 20% without performing the clinical breast exam. With regard to self-perception, students feel more prepared to advise patients about cancer prevention habits. Other variables (gender, quotas for university access and family/friends with cancer) did not affect the performance of students in the dimensions evaluated (training, practice and self-perception). In order to evaluate the effect of graduation, a control group of first year students (n=77) was used. There was a significant gain in training and practice dimension comparing the two groups, and in a lower proportion, self-perception dimension. To evaluate the AL, a survey involving all MS registered in Brazil, which started academic activities before 2010 was undertaken. Despite that, we can only truly understand the real impact and the potential of these projects by undertaking qualitative analysis of their activities. It is observed that in AL, students are encouraged to develop skills not addressed in traditional curricula, such as management, leadership, entrepreneurship, innovation, health education and construction of citizenship.

Cette thèse est composée de trois chapitres distincts. Le premier chapitre montre que les dirigeants réagissent de façon excessive face aux risques qui frappent l'attention. Après un ouragan, le choc produit par la catastrophe sur le risque de liquidité perçu conduit les entreprises situées dans le voisinage de la zone sinistrée à augmenter temporairement leur détention de liquidités alors que le risque réel n'a pas changé. Le deuxième chapitre montre que les dirigeants influencent de façon stratégique l'attention des investisseurs aux annonces de résultats en les prévenant plus ou moins tardivement de la date de l'événement. Cette stratégie leur permet de lisser dans le temps l'impact de mauvais résultats sur leur cours de bourse. Le troisième chapitre étudie l'effet des league tables dans les activités de fusions-acquisitions. Les league tables classent les banques d'investissement. Le rang d'une banque dans la league table prédit sa capacité à engendrer des affaires nouvelles dans le futur, ce qui incite les banques à manipuler leur classement. / This dissertation is made of three distinct chapters. The first chapter shows that managers overreact to salient risks. They respond to the occurrence of a hurricane event when their firms are located in the neighborhood of the disaster area. The sudden shock to the perceived liquidity risk leads them to temporarily increase the amount of corporate cash holdings, even though the real liquidity risk remains unchanged. The second chapter examines earnings announcements by US firms, and how far in advance notice of the event is given (the "advance notice period"). Such advance notice period affects how much investors pay attention to earning news. This variation in investors' attention affects short-run and long-run stock prices, thereby creating incentives for firms to strategically reduce the advance notice period when they plan to disclose bad news. The third chapter studies M&A league tables, which provide rankings of investment banks. The rank of a bank in the league table predicts its future deal flow. This creates strong incentives for banks to manage their ranks in the league table.

This paper looks at the impact that competitive balance has on team revenues. The hypothesis that this paper is operating under is that higher levels of competitive balance will lead to higher levels of revenue. Two different measures of competitive balance will be used and regressions will be run to investigate whether high levels of the competitive balance measure are associated with high levels of revenue. The results of the data indicated that over all three time horizons (ten year, five year, and two year), high levels of variability in playoff appearances were associated with high revenue for Major League Baseball (MLB) teams. The results also indicate that over a two year time span, high standard deviation in winning percentage were associated with higher revenue in both MLB and the National Football League (NFL) and also that high standard deviation of winning percentage over a ten year period were associated with lower revenues in the NFL. The data provides consistent support for the hypothesis of a positive relationship between competitive balance and revenue in MLB and inconsistent support in the NFL. This inconsistent relationship in the NFL is hypothesized to be due to differences in time horizons. Over the short term, fans like to see high variability in winning percentage because it gives them faith that their team will be good the next season. In the long term however, fans do not like a lot of variability in their team and would rather see a consistent winner.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Essa investigaÃÃo problematiza o papel das ligas acadÃmicas de medicina no processo de formaÃÃo acadÃmica e universitÃria do estudante de medicina. Exercitada como dispositivo-analÃtico, a estratÃgia metodolÃgica da pesquisa realizou observaÃÃes participantes, questionÃrios, leitura de textos, documentos, panfletos, cartilhas, teses, ementas, planos, projetos pedagÃgicos, sites, blogs, comissÃes organizadoras, intervenÃÃes pÃblicas, performances artÃsticas e culturais, pÃginas virtuais, projetos de lei, produÃÃo e registros imagÃticos e sonoros. Acompanhamos projetos de extensÃo, rÃdios universitÃrias, cursos multidisciplinares, salas de aula, reuniÃes colegiadas, fÃruns, congressos, encontros estaduais e nacionais, sondagens e mapeamentos virtuais da atividade de membros das ligas e das principais entidades estudantis que, a nÃvel nacional, tematizam, participam e problematizam a estrutura e a funÃÃo dessas formas de associaÃÃo acadÃmica e universitÃria. Tentamos desenhar o espaÃo institucional, curricular, social, educacional, histÃrico, polÃtico, econÃmico, ambiental e cultural exercitado pelas Ligas que atuam no tripà indissociÃvel do ensino, da pesquisa e da extensÃo a partir do uso das redes sociais de comunicaÃÃo. O eixo teÃrico da pesquisa se deu a partir de alguns momentos propostos por Michel Foucault, Georges Canguilhem, Gabriel Tarde, Bruno Latour, Pedro Nava, Howard Becker aliada à produÃÃo pessoal e institucional de estudantes de medicina, membros de ligas acadÃmicas e de instituiÃÃes e entidades estudantis. Navegando por entre esses rios epistÃmicos sondamos as corredeiras, penhascos, desfiladeiros, cÃnions, ilhas e igarapÃs que atravessam a atmosfera dos campos mÃdicos em seus mais diversos nÃveis e modulaÃÃes de forma capitular. Segmentando os planos imanentes dessa anÃlise destacamos a histÃria da educaÃÃo mÃdica, as ligas acadÃmicas de medicina, o corpo, o gÃnero e a violÃncias, os saberes e poderes atuais, virtuais e ancestrais, as narrativas, os movimentos estudantis, as associaÃÃes brasileiras e entidades internacionais que transitam nesse cenÃrio estudantil, as histÃrias, as memÃrias e as prÃticas culturais digitais de estudantes, professores e funcionÃrios pÃblicos e privados que atuaram no campo mÃdico no perÃodo compreendido entre o ImpÃrio, a RepÃblica e o atual momento da Nova RepÃblica em que se està implementando mais uma reforma curricular do ensino mÃdico, essa a ser implementada atà Dezembro de 2018. A anÃlise das relaÃÃes entre a educaÃÃo mÃdica, as polÃticas sociais e o mercado de trabalho voltado aos futuros mÃdicos encerram a discussÃo do penÃltimo e Ãltimo capÃtulo de nossa investigaÃÃo e dessa proposta de problematizaÃÃo. / This research investigates the role of academic medical alloys in process of academic training and the University medical student. Exercised as analytical, methodological research strategy carried out observations, questionnaires, participants reading of texts, documents, pamphlets, booklets, theses, menus, plans, projects, sites, blogs, organizing committees, public interventions, artistic and cultural performances, virtual pages, bills, and imagery records and sound production. Follow extension projects, University radios, multidisciplinary courses, classrooms, Councils meetings, forums, conferences, State and national meetings, polls and virtual mappings of the activity of members of the leagues and the main student bodies that, at national level, thematic, participate and problematize the structure and function of these forms of academic and University Association. Try to draw the institutional space, curriculum, social, educational, historical, political, economic, cultural and environmental exercised by the Leagues that operate on the tripod of education, cannot be separated from research and extension from the use of social networks of communication. The theoretical axis of the search from a few moments proposed by Michel Foucault, Georges Canguilhem, Gabriel Tarde, Bruno Latour, Pedro Nava, Howard Becker combined with the personal and institutional production of medical students, members of academic and alloys of institutions and student bodies. Browsing through these rivers epistemic scanned the Rapids, cliffs, gorges, canyons, Islands and creeks that cross the atmosphere of medical fields in its various levels and modulations of chapter form. Segmenting the immanent plans of this analysis highlight the history of medical education, the medical academic leagues, the body, gender and violence, knowledge and current powers, and ancestors, the narratives, student movements, associations and international entities that carried over in this scenario, the stories, memories and digital cultural practices of students, teachers and public and private officials who worked in the medical field in the period between the , the Republic and the current time of the new Republic in which it is implementing more curricular reform of medical education, this being implemented by December 2018. The analysis of the relationship between the medical education, social policies and the labour market back to future doctors closed the discussion of the penultimate and final chapter of our investigation and this proposal for questioning.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-30T14:00:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Reginaldo - Dissertação (Versão Final).pdf: 1039649 bytes, checksum: 32b9910f8c60a987466dcdb8c4e04b70 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-30T14:00:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Reginaldo - Dissertação (Versão Final).pdf: 1039649 bytes, checksum: 32b9910f8c60a987466dcdb8c4e04b70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-29 / A presente pesquisa analisa a formação dos camponeses da Liga Camponesa do Engenho Galiléia, entre 1960 e 1964, tomando por base a recepção desses camponeses dos conteúdos presentes na Cartilha do Camponês e no documento “Bença, Mãe!” e sua relação com a ação político-pedagógica de Francisco Julião. A escolha do tema se deu pela constatação de que ainda dispomos de poucas pesquisas sobre as Ligas Camponesas enquanto lugar de educação, partindo da análise dos textos educativos escritos por Francisco Julião e da recepção dos conteúdos desses textos por camponeses que participaram diretamente das lutas e mobilizações do movimento. A Cartilha do Camponês e o documento “Bença, Mãe!” foram os textos educativos selecionados para a análise, por serem, respectivamente, o primeiro e o último escritos nos anos entre 1960 e 1964, quando as Ligas passavam por mudanças políticas e ideológicas que influenciavam os seus conteúdos formativos. A recepção dos referidos textos foi analisada a partir dos depoimentos de ex-integrantes da Liga Camponesa do Engenho Galiléia, que, por ter sido o primeiro núcleo das Ligas, teve uma grande importância política ao longo de toda a trajetória do movimento. A pesquisa, ao analisar o aspecto educativo das Ligas Camponesas, provoca também uma discussão sobre o conceito de educação, afastando-se da tendência de se entendê-la como sinônimo de escola e procurando compreender a história da educação para além da história da educação escolar. Desta forma, busca-se discutir a relação entre educação e movimentos sociais, educação não formal e educação popular. Sendo uma pesquisa historiográfica, os procedimentos metodológicos incluíram análise documental e entrevistas livres, devidamente transcritas, tendo a Análise de Conteúdo como método para identificar, tanto nos documentos quanto nas entrevistas, as palavras, ideias e temas centrais para o objetivo do trabalho. / This present research analyses the formation of Galiléia Mill Peasant League, between 1960 and 1964 on the basis of the reception, by these peasants, of Cartilha do Camponês contents and of the document “Bença, Mãe!” and their relation to Francisco Julião’s politicalpedagogical action. The choice of the subject is due to the finding that we still don’t have much research on Peasant Leagues as a place of education, from the analysis of educational texts written by Francisco Julião and the reception of these texts’ contents by the peasants who took part directly in the fights and mobilizations of the movement. Cartilha do Camponês and the document “Bença, Mãe!” were the educational texts selected for the analysis once they are respectively the first and the last writings in the years between 1960 and 1964, when the Leagues went through both political and ideological changes that influenced their formative contents. The reception of referred texts was analyzed from testimonials of Liga Camponesa do Engenho Galiléia former members, which had a tremendous political importance over the history of the movement, since it was the first nucleus of the Leagues. By analyzing the educational aspect of Ligas Camponesas, the research also proposes a discussion on the concept of education, diverging from the trend of understanding it as a synonym of school and trying to understand history of education apart from history of school education. So this study tries to discuss the relation between education and social movements, non-formal education and popular education. And because it is a historiographical research, methodological procedures have included documentary analysis, free interviews, duly transcribed, having Content Analysis as method in order to verify, both in documents and interviews, words, ideas and key issues for the objective of the study.

Doctor of Education / Department of Educational Leadership / Gerald D. Bailey / The purpose of this study was to create a handbook that would support museum professionals through the stages of planning, creating, and evaluating a user-centered eMuseum. Planning, Creating, and Evaluating eMuseums: A Step by Step Handbook for Museum Professionals was developed using the research and development methodology (R&D) developed by Borg and Gall (1989). The seven steps in the R&D cycle used in this study included: 1) research analysis and proof of concept, 2) product planning and design, 3) preliminary product development, 4) preliminary field testing, 5) revision of the prototype, 6) main field testing, and 7) revision of the final product. A prototype of the handbook was developed and then evaluated by experts in digital libraries or museum informatics in the preliminary field test. Revisions were made to the handbook based on their feedback. The handbook was then distributed to museum professionals for the main field test. Feedback from the main field test was used to create the final product. Major conclusions from the study were: 1. There was a need for a handbook to guide museum professionals through the steps of developing an eMuseum. Museum leaders indicated a desire to create a stronger online presence for their museums, but did not know how to begin the process. 2.The handbook was most useful to museum professionals. Originally, the handbook was intended for an audience broadly defined as "information professionals", which included both library and museum professionals. 3.Museum leaders and community stakeholders could partner to create eMuseums. Stakeholders included educators who wanted to use eMuseums to incorporate standards-based curriculum into their classroom or graduate students in education looking for collaborative projects to advance their study. 4.Finding new ways to reach audiences was important to museum leaders. Museum leaders were aware that the majority of their visitors expected to find information about their museum on the Internet and wanted to find ways to reach these audience members. 5.Museum professionals found resources listed in the book to be useful. The handbook worked effectively as a reference guide for creating an eMuseum.