A meta de aprendizagem, essencial ao processo de aprendizagem autocontrolada, tem sido negligenciada na literatura sobre aprendizagem motora. A questão que fundamentou o presente estudo foi se o fato de dizer aos aprendizes o que os espera após um período de prática, leva-os a elaborar estratégias de aprendizagem que beneficiam a aprendizagem de habilidades motoras. Os participantes receberam instrução para que se preparassem para um teste, no qual os parâmetros controlados por eles seriam aleatórios, e isto se constituiu a meta de aprendizagem. Nos experimentos 1 e 2 a tarefa utilizada consistiu em pressionar a barra de espaço de um teclado de computador simultaneamente à chegada de um objeto a um ponto de contato. A cada tentativa, a velocidade com que o objeto iria atravessar a tela de um monitor de 17 polegadas pôde ser escolhida, dentre três possibilidades, pelos participantes dos grupos com controle da prática. Ambos os experimentos foram desenvolvidos em três etapas: fase de aquisição (90 tentativas), teste de transferência imediato e teste de transferência atrasado (igual ao anterior, porém, realizado após 15 minutos). Os testes de transferência consistiram em quatro tentativas em cada velocidade (24 tentativas), organizadas em uma ordem pseudo-aleatória (sem velocidades consecutivas) e sem feedback aumentado. No Experimento 1, todos os participantes (n = 16) puderam controlar a prática, mas somente alguns deles receberam a meta de aprendizagem antes do início da fase de aquisição (grupo TES, n = 8). Os resultados confirmaram que os aprendizes usaram a meta de aprendizagem para guiar sua prática e que houve, em decorrência disso, um efeito benéfico na aprendizagem motora. No Experimento 2, foram introduzidos dois grupos yoked (YOK, n = 8; YTA, n = 8) pareados aos grupos do Experimento 1. Os resultados indicaram que o efeito benéfico obtido no Experimento 1 pode ser atribuído à organização da prática. Nos experimentos 3 e 4 a tarefa utilizada consistiu em pressionar o botão esquerdo de um mouse de computador para que um cursor, fixo na tela, disparasse um projétil num alvo móvel. Os participantes que controlaram a própria prática puderam escolher, dentre três possibilidades, a distância em que o alvo se deslocaria em relação ao cursor. Esses experimentos incluíram não somente os testes realizados nos experimentos 1 e 2, como também um teste de retenção (24 horas) e testes com a velocidade do alvo aumentada. As condições de prática do Experimento 3 foram as mesmas do Experimento 1 (TES, n = 8; TAR, n = 8). Os resultados revelaram que o efeito obtido no Experimento 1 é generalizável para uma tarefa com maior demanda de antecipação, bem como para parâmetros não praticados pelos participantes. No Experimento 4, um grupo de prática aleatória foi incluído (VAR, n = 8). Os resultados sugerem que a variabilidade de prática não é suficiente para explicar o efeito benéfico na aprendizagem observado nos grupos TES. Os resultados do estudo foram discutidos considerando idéias como a hipótese da variabilidade de prática, o efeito da superioridade da intenção, esforço cognitivo e efeitos motivacionais de condições de prática autocontrolada. Em conjunto, os resultados evidenciam que a meta de aprendizagem é um elemento essencial na prática autocontrolada, tendo em vista que afeta a forma como os aprendizes organizam sua prática e leva a efeitos benéficos para a aprendizagem motora. Entretanto, as limitações relacionadas à permanência do efeito deverão ser alvo de próximos estudos / The learning goal, essential to the self-controlled learning process, has been neglected in the motor learning research. The main question that guided the study was whether telling learners what is expecting them after a period of practice leads them to create learning strategies that benefits motor learning. In the present study, participants were provided an instruction to prepare for a test, in which the parameters controlled by them would be randomized, and this constituted the learning goal. In experiments 1 and 2 the motor task consisted of hitting the space bar of a computer keyboard in synchrony with the arrival of an object at a contact point. Participants controlling their practice were allowed to choose the velocity in which the object would travel the 17-inch monitor screen, before each trial, among three possibilities. Both experiments were carried out in three stages: acquisition phase (90 trials), immediate transfer test and delayed transfer test (same as immediate transfer, after 15 minutes). Transfer tests consisted of four trials of each practiced velocity (24 trials), in a pseudo-random organization (without consecutive velocities) and no augmented feedback. In Experiment 1, all participants (n = 16) were given the control over practice, but just some of them received the learning goal before the acquisition phase (group TES, n = 8). Results confirmed that learners used the learning goal to guide their practice and that it had a beneficial effect on motor learning. In Experiment 2, two yoked groups (YOK, n = 8; YTA, n = 8), matching the ones in Experiment 1, were employed. Results indicated that the beneficial effect observed in Experiment 1 was due to practice organization. In experiments 3 and 4 the motor task consisted of pressing the left button of a computer mouse in order to make a fixed cursor in the screen to shoot a moving target. Participants controlling their practice were allowed to choose, among three possibilities, the distance in which the target would pass above the cursor. These experiments included not only tests comprised in experiments 1 and 2, but a retention test (24 hours) and tests with a faster moving target. Practice conditions in Experiment 3 were the same employed in Experiment 1 (TES, n = 8; TAR, n = 8). Results revealed that the effect obtained in Experiment 1 can be generalized to a task with higher anticipatory demands as well as to a task parameter that was not practiced by the participants. Experiment 4 included a random practice group (VAR, n = 8). Results suggested that variability of practice cannot account alone for the beneficial effect observed in TES groups. Results were discussed considering ideas such as variability of practice hypothesis, intention superiority effect, cognitive effort and motivational effects of self-controlled practice conditions. Altogether, results showed that the learning goal is an essential element in self-controlled practice, since it affects the way learners organize their practice and leads to beneficial effects on motor learning. Nevertheless, limitations regarding the permanence of the effect remain to be further investigated

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-Antonio Francisco Ritter Ferreira.pdf: 1066385 bytes, checksum: 9582b306f51c3d52846cfb787f6a5030 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-19 / This study aims to analyze the corporative training model applied by Computer Based Training (CBT), through Internet, in a multinational organization of foreigner capital at the no-renewable energy sector. The study was carried on with the business employees at the Brazilian Unit. It was analyzed the data related to a twelve-month period, from December 2005 to November 2006. Informal and formal interviews were conducted with the main executive of the Human Resources Division and with the specialist of the Training and Development Division in Brazil. Secondary data related to training (executed by CBT through Internet) carried on by the employees from all divisions of the company were also collected. The Learning Management Platform used for training through CBT was characterized too. The factors that suggest a revision in the methodology used to the transition from the current model (CBT through Internet) to an e-Learning Web Based Program were revised and suggestions were shown to the integration of the process of Corporate Education and HR Strategic Management to the Brazilian branch. Another aspect taking into consideration in the research indicates that the Learning Management Platforms needs to be correlated to career management and to stimulation of professional promotion. This study offers also some contributions to the elaboration of an action plan for developing activities that involves interdivisional efforts on implementation of e-Learning based training programs. As a conclusion of the present study, the assumption that the action of Human Resources Division on the leading of self management training programs, including the ones realized by e-Learning, was evidenced and it is still demanded. However, this study shows that close managers participation is important to increase and maintain the employees adhesion level at this kind of learning system. / O objetivo geral nesta disserta??o consiste em analisar o modelo de treinamento corporativo aplicado por Computer Based Training (CBT), via Intranet, de uma organiza??o multinacional de origem de capital estrangeiro do ramo de energia n?o-renov?vel junto aos funcion?rios das unidades de neg?cios do Brasil. Foram analisados dados referentes a um per?odo de doze meses, dezembro de 2005 a novembro de 2006. Entrevistas informais e formais foram aplicadas junto ao principal executivo do Setor de Recursos Humanos e ao especialista pela ?rea de Treinamento e Desenvolvimento no Brasil. Dados secund?rios relativos aos treinamentos (executados por CBT - via Intranet) realizados pelos funcion?rios de todas as ?reas da empresa forma coletados. A Plataforma de Administra??o da Aprendizagem utilizada para treinamento via CBT tamb?m foi caracterizada. Os fatores que possam sugerir revis?o na metodologia adotada para a transi??o do modelo atual (CBT via intranet) para um programa de e-learning via Web foram identificados e sugest?es foram apresentadas para integra??o do processo de Educa??o Corporativa e Gest?o Estrat?gica de RH para a subsidi?ria brasileira. Outro aspecto levantado na pesquisa indica que as Plataformas de Administra??o da Aprendizagem precisam estar correlacionadas ao gerenciamento de carreira e a est?mulos de promo??o profissional. Este estudo oferece, ainda, algumas contribui??es para a elabora??o de planos de a??o quando do desenvolvimento de atividades que envolvam a participa??o interdepartamental na implementa??o de Programas de treinamento baseados em e-Learning. Assim, como conclus?o do presente estudo evidenciou-se a suposi??o de que a atua??o da ?rea de Recursos Humanos no monitoramento de Programas de treinamentos autogerenci?veis, inclusive os realizados por e-Learning, ainda ? necess?ria. Contudo, o trabalho mostra que a participa??o das ger?ncias imediatas ? importante para o incremento e manuten??o do n?vel de ades?o dos treinandos aos programas desse sistema de aprendizagem.

本研究主要目的為：(一)探討不同主修領域背景的大學生，其知識信念是否有差異。(二)探討大學生知識信念與學習策略的關係。(三)探討大學生主修領域背景與學習策略的關係。 本研究以自編「大學生知識信念與學習策略量表」為工具，抽取政治大學、清華大學、中興大學法商學院、台灣藝術學院與東海大學等五所大學 368 位大學生為對象，共分為自然科學領域大學生 116 人，社會科學領域大學生 141 人與人文學科領域大學生 111 人。探討主修領域背景對大學生知識信念與學習策略的影響。 主要研究結果如下： 一、知識信念是一個具備多個面向的信念系統。 二、知識信念並不具有跨領域特性；學習策略的使用也會受個體主修領域背景所影響。 三、個體對知識本質與認識本質的看法會影響其學習策略的使用。 四、自然科學領域的大學生比其它兩個主修領域的大學生擁有較靜態的知識信念與傾向於常使用複誦策略來學習。 本研究並對教育實務與未來的研究方向，提供以下幾點建議： 一、教育實務方面 1.實施具有反思性特質的科學教育。 2.實施反思性師範教育方案。 3.多使用具建構精神的教學法。 4.實施具備「科技整合」特質的大學教育並多開設「學習策略學習」有關的課程。 5.教學時需多種教學元素的配合，才能促動學生更有效學習。 二、未來研究方向 1.配合多種方法研究大學生的知識信念。 2.對大學生的知識信念進行長期縱貫性的研究。 3.編製信效度良好的學習策略量表。

本研究旨在探討從小四開始學英語的國一新生的英語學習焦慮、學習動機和學習策略。參與研究的對象為來自台北縣四所公立國中的639位國一新生。 研究者採用外語課室焦慮問卷、動機強度問卷以及外語學習策略問卷為研究工具。除了問卷之外，也包括低分群學生的面訪。 本研究結果經由統計分析與面訪而產生。由敘述性統計分析獲得學習焦慮、學習動機強度與學習策略使用的情況，由皮爾森積差相關分析獲得學習焦慮、學習動機強度與學習策略使用的相關性。由獨立樣本t考驗得到性別與起始年齡影響性的差異比較以及高、低分同學問卷結果的比較。低分群同學的學習問題則經由面訪而得。 本研究主要發現如下: (一) 從小四開始學英語的國一新生沒有英語學習焦慮，他們有足夠的動機強度，也能使用各種學習策略。（二）學習焦慮負面影響學習動機以及學習策略，而學習動機與學習策略呈現正相關。此三者中，學習動機與學習策略的相關性較強。（三）性別與學習起始年齡顯著影響學習焦慮、學習動機與學習策略。男、女學生學習動機和學習策略使用上有顯著差異。然而，學習起始年齡顯著影響學習焦慮和學習策略的使用。（四）相較於其他學生，低分群學生的英語學習是焦慮的、動機強度稍低以及使用較少的學習策略。他們需要老師的協助。 綜觀上述，本研究者提供國中英語教師下列幾項建議以幫助國一新生的英語學習: 減少測驗的頻率及難度、練習社會策略、多留意男學生以及自小四才開始學英語的學生，以及提供多元補救教學課程以滿足低分群學生不同的學習需求。 / The study is intended to explore the learning situations of the beginning junior high school learners with English learning experience in Northern Taiwan. A total of 639 students from four junior high schools in Taipei County participated in the study. The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), the Motivation Intensity Questionnaire (MIQ), and the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) were used as the study tools. Besides, a follow-up interview of anxious low-scoring students was also conducted. All the results were generated from statistic analysis and interview. The results of students’ learning anxiety and motivation, and strategy use were obtained through descriptive statistics. The correlations were from the Pearson’s Correlation. The comparisons of the effects of gender and initial learning grade and the questionnaire results of the low-scoring students and the non-low scoring students were through the independent-samples t-test. Meanwhile, the low-scoring students’ learning problems were explored through the interview. The major findings of the present study are stated as follows: 1. The beginning junior high school students with English learning experience in primary school in the present study did not seem to be anxious about English learning. Meanwhile, they had enough motivation intensity and could sometimes apply all kinds of language strategies. 2. Learning anxiety negatively correlated with the English learning motivation and the English learning strategy use, and English learning motivation correlated with strategy use positively. Among the three, motivation intensity and strategy use were more strongly related to each other. 3. Either gender or the initial learning grade significantly influenced the learning anxiety, motivation, and learning strategy use. There were significant differences between the male students and the female students in learning motivation and learning strategy use. And the initial English learning grade significantly influenced the English learning anxiety and learning strategy use. 4. The low-scoring students proved that they were more anxious, less motivated, and employed fewer learning strategies than the non-low scoring students. They needed various assistances from teachers. Based on the findings, the researcher suggests that junior high school English teachers take some measures to help their beginning learners. These measures include reducing the frequencies and the difficulties of tests, practicing social strategies, paying more attention to the male students and the students with fewer years of English learning experience, and supplying multiple remedial courses to meet the various needs of the low-scoring students.

Learner beliefs about language learning influence the language learning process. Addressing learner beliefs is central to enhancing teaching effectiveness and learning outcomes. To date, most previous research has described beliefs of learners of related second/foreign languages. In this study, belief dimensions were examined using a standardized survey of beliefs, BALLI, which was completed by 218 post-secondary beginning learners of Chinese and a modified BALLI completed by 62 teachers of Chinese at North American universities. Dimensions were identified using Exploratory Factor Analysis and a model of the relationship between dimensions developed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), a statistical technique for testing and estimating causal relations using a combination of statistical data and qualitative causal assumptions. A theoretical framework was established that integrated cognitive and metacognitive domains. The learner beliefs were described and compared between three sub-samples of learners, non-Asian students, Chinese-origin students, and non-Chinese Asians. Chinese and Asian students tended to have more similar beliefs than non-Asian students. The research used a mixed-methods design: quantitative data from the Beliefs about Language Learning Inventory (BALLI) and qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with six Chinese language students and six Chinese language instructors. Quantitative data analyses identified four belief dimensions: Motivation for learning Chinese; Formal language learning strategy (FLLS); Communication-oriented learning strategy (CLLS); and Difficulty of language learning. Learners overall reported high motivation to learn Chinese while concurrently acknowledging a language difficulty hierarchy and seeing Chinese as a difficult language. Both Chinese-origin and non-Chinese origin Asians reported more agreement with beliefs in FLLS than non-Asians. In contrast, non-Asians reported stronger support for CLLS than their Chinese-origin counterparts. Overall, teachers exhibited comprehensive knowledge about language learning. Comparisons between teacher and learner beliefs overall found more mismatches than matches. Compared with learners, teachers reported less agreement with beliefs in FLLS, but more support for CLLS. A hypothetical learner belief model, derived from the BALLI and based on the theoretical framework, was constructed and tested using SEM, which illustrated the causal relationships among the belief dimensions. Within the model, learners who were highly motivated to learn Chinese tended to believe in FLLS whereas learners who believed in FLLS rejected CLLS. In addition, beliefs in difficulty of language learning in general and Chinese learning in particular also led to rejection of CLLS. The model was tested against the results from the student interviews and the model was confirmed. These results demonstrated the role of cultures in shaping learner beliefs, thereby providing insight into teaching practices. The mismatches between learner and teacher beliefs need to be addressed because continued differences could lead to classroom tension and a potential loss of motivation. / Graduate / 0727 / 0279 / 0290 / cypbd156@gmail.com

A meta de aprendizagem, essencial ao processo de aprendizagem autocontrolada, tem sido negligenciada na literatura sobre aprendizagem motora. A questão que fundamentou o presente estudo foi se o fato de dizer aos aprendizes o que os espera após um período de prática, leva-os a elaborar estratégias de aprendizagem que beneficiam a aprendizagem de habilidades motoras. Os participantes receberam instrução para que se preparassem para um teste, no qual os parâmetros controlados por eles seriam aleatórios, e isto se constituiu a meta de aprendizagem. Nos experimentos 1 e 2 a tarefa utilizada consistiu em pressionar a barra de espaço de um teclado de computador simultaneamente à chegada de um objeto a um ponto de contato. A cada tentativa, a velocidade com que o objeto iria atravessar a tela de um monitor de 17 polegadas pôde ser escolhida, dentre três possibilidades, pelos participantes dos grupos com controle da prática. Ambos os experimentos foram desenvolvidos em três etapas: fase de aquisição (90 tentativas), teste de transferência imediato e teste de transferência atrasado (igual ao anterior, porém, realizado após 15 minutos). Os testes de transferência consistiram em quatro tentativas em cada velocidade (24 tentativas), organizadas em uma ordem pseudo-aleatória (sem velocidades consecutivas) e sem feedback aumentado. No Experimento 1, todos os participantes (n = 16) puderam controlar a prática, mas somente alguns deles receberam a meta de aprendizagem antes do início da fase de aquisição (grupo TES, n = 8). Os resultados confirmaram que os aprendizes usaram a meta de aprendizagem para guiar sua prática e que houve, em decorrência disso, um efeito benéfico na aprendizagem motora. No Experimento 2, foram introduzidos dois grupos yoked (YOK, n = 8; YTA, n = 8) pareados aos grupos do Experimento 1. Os resultados indicaram que o efeito benéfico obtido no Experimento 1 pode ser atribuído à organização da prática. Nos experimentos 3 e 4 a tarefa utilizada consistiu em pressionar o botão esquerdo de um mouse de computador para que um cursor, fixo na tela, disparasse um projétil num alvo móvel. Os participantes que controlaram a própria prática puderam escolher, dentre três possibilidades, a distância em que o alvo se deslocaria em relação ao cursor. Esses experimentos incluíram não somente os testes realizados nos experimentos 1 e 2, como também um teste de retenção (24 horas) e testes com a velocidade do alvo aumentada. As condições de prática do Experimento 3 foram as mesmas do Experimento 1 (TES, n = 8; TAR, n = 8). Os resultados revelaram que o efeito obtido no Experimento 1 é generalizável para uma tarefa com maior demanda de antecipação, bem como para parâmetros não praticados pelos participantes. No Experimento 4, um grupo de prática aleatória foi incluído (VAR, n = 8). Os resultados sugerem que a variabilidade de prática não é suficiente para explicar o efeito benéfico na aprendizagem observado nos grupos TES. Os resultados do estudo foram discutidos considerando idéias como a hipótese da variabilidade de prática, o efeito da superioridade da intenção, esforço cognitivo e efeitos motivacionais de condições de prática autocontrolada. Em conjunto, os resultados evidenciam que a meta de aprendizagem é um elemento essencial na prática autocontrolada, tendo em vista que afeta a forma como os aprendizes organizam sua prática e leva a efeitos benéficos para a aprendizagem motora. Entretanto, as limitações relacionadas à permanência do efeito deverão ser alvo de próximos estudos / The learning goal, essential to the self-controlled learning process, has been neglected in the motor learning research. The main question that guided the study was whether telling learners what is expecting them after a period of practice leads them to create learning strategies that benefits motor learning. In the present study, participants were provided an instruction to prepare for a test, in which the parameters controlled by them would be randomized, and this constituted the learning goal. In experiments 1 and 2 the motor task consisted of hitting the space bar of a computer keyboard in synchrony with the arrival of an object at a contact point. Participants controlling their practice were allowed to choose the velocity in which the object would travel the 17-inch monitor screen, before each trial, among three possibilities. Both experiments were carried out in three stages: acquisition phase (90 trials), immediate transfer test and delayed transfer test (same as immediate transfer, after 15 minutes). Transfer tests consisted of four trials of each practiced velocity (24 trials), in a pseudo-random organization (without consecutive velocities) and no augmented feedback. In Experiment 1, all participants (n = 16) were given the control over practice, but just some of them received the learning goal before the acquisition phase (group TES, n = 8). Results confirmed that learners used the learning goal to guide their practice and that it had a beneficial effect on motor learning. In Experiment 2, two yoked groups (YOK, n = 8; YTA, n = 8), matching the ones in Experiment 1, were employed. Results indicated that the beneficial effect observed in Experiment 1 was due to practice organization. In experiments 3 and 4 the motor task consisted of pressing the left button of a computer mouse in order to make a fixed cursor in the screen to shoot a moving target. Participants controlling their practice were allowed to choose, among three possibilities, the distance in which the target would pass above the cursor. These experiments included not only tests comprised in experiments 1 and 2, but a retention test (24 hours) and tests with a faster moving target. Practice conditions in Experiment 3 were the same employed in Experiment 1 (TES, n = 8; TAR, n = 8). Results revealed that the effect obtained in Experiment 1 can be generalized to a task with higher anticipatory demands as well as to a task parameter that was not practiced by the participants. Experiment 4 included a random practice group (VAR, n = 8). Results suggested that variability of practice cannot account alone for the beneficial effect observed in TES groups. Results were discussed considering ideas such as variability of practice hypothesis, intention superiority effect, cognitive effort and motivational effects of self-controlled practice conditions. Altogether, results showed that the learning goal is an essential element in self-controlled practice, since it affects the way learners organize their practice and leads to beneficial effects on motor learning. Nevertheless, limitations regarding the permanence of the effect remain to be further investigated

Objetiva-se identificar e analisar as contribuições da oferta de disciplinas na modalidade Educação a Distância EAD no ensino superior presencial segundo a visão de alunos egressos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos EJA, no município de Porto Velho/RO. O método utilizado contempla pesquisa do tipo qualitativo e quantitativo, descritivo, com delineamento de levantamento. Especificamente, busca-se: tecer o perfil dos alunos egressos da EJA matriculados no Ensino Superior presencial que utilizam a modalidade EAD; levantar as características da EAD, apontadas pelos alunos, que facilitam e/ou dificultam a aprendizagem; identificar as estratégias de aprendizagem utilizadas por esses alunos e verificar se contribuem para resultados satisfatórios nos respectivos cursos. Para referenciar teoricamente os objetivos propostos, estudou-se a literatura sobre Ensino Superior, Educação de Jovens e Adultos processos andragógicos, Educação a Distância e Estratégias de Aprendizagem. Para o alcance dos objetivos, foi formada uma amostra por acessibilidade com 110 alunos, e foram aplicados dois tipos de instrumentos: questionários (no início e na conclusão de cada disciplina cursada na modalidade EAD) e entrevista semiestruturada, com acadêmicos na fase de conclusão da disciplina. Os dados foram analisados por meio de técnicas quantitativas e qualitativas, com o auxílio do Programa Excel. / The study seeks to identify and analyze the contributions that Distance Learning EAD (EAD Educação a Distância) courses offer in the classroom-based college courses according to the students coming from the Youth and Adult Education modality (Educação de Jovens e Adultos EJA) in the city of Porto Velho in the state of Rondonia. The method utilized involves a qualitative, quantitative, and descriptive research, with a survey. We specifically seek to profile the students coming from EJA, enrolled in classroom-based college courses, who utilize the EAD modality, to survey the EAD characteristics pointed out by the students that facilitate and/or hamper learning, and to identify which learning strategies contribute to satisfactory results in their respective courses. To theoretically reference the proposed objectives, the literature adopted discussed College, Youth and Adult Education andragogical processes, Distance Learning, and Learning Strategies. To reach such objectives, a convenience sample was formed of 110 students and two types of instruments were applied: questionnaires (at the beginning and at the conclusion of each discipline taken in the EAD modality) and a semi-structured interview with students in the course conclusion phase. The data was analyzed through quantitative and qualitative techniques with the help of the Excel program. It was concluded that it contributed to develop these students autonomy in their learning processes, demonstrating pro-activity among the students.

Interaktive Lernaufgaben stellen eine Möglichkeit dar, das Lernen und den Lernerfolg mit digitalisierten Lehrmaterialien durch interaktive Elemente zu unterstützen. In einer Vielzahl von Learning-Management-Systemen gehört die technische Möglichkeit solche Aufgaben zu erstellen bereits zum Standard-Repertoire. Dieser Beitrag thematisiert anhand von drei empirischen Studien, welchen psychologischen Kriterien interaktive Lernaufgaben genügen sollten, um einen erfolgreichen Wissenserwerb zu fördern. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, dass Lernaufgaben, die unter Beachtung psychologischer Konstruktionsregeln erzeugt wurden, die Lernenden nicht nur beim Erwerb von Faktenwissen unterstützen, sondern ihnen beim selbstregulierten Lernen auch Rückmeldung über die von ihnen eingesetzten und einzusetzenden Lernstrategien geben.

This study investigated whether students can be taught to use self-regulated strategies.

本研究主要在探討臺北縣、市國民中學新移民子女學習態度與策略及學習成就之指標、內涵與現況，進一步建構預測分析的模式，再依研究結果提出建議。 為達上述目的，本研究係採取文獻分析法及問卷調查法進行研究， ，並以編製之「新移民子女學習態度與策略對學習成就影響問卷」為主要研究工具，以探討不同背景(包含學校所在地、性別、母親、家庭)之新移民子女其學習態度與策略對學習成就之影響；進一步以97學年度臺北縣、市國民中學新移民子女國三學生為實施調查之對象，問卷共計發出600份，回收410 份，有效問卷402份，可用率67%，調查結果應用SPSS12.0統計套裝軟體進行分析，問卷資料以平均數、標準差、t考驗、單因子變異數分析，以及積差相關、多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行處理。並根據研究結果提出具體建議，提供學校行政單位、國中教師及未來研究之參考。 茲針對研究發現，歸納本研究之結論，敘述如下： 一、新移民子女學習態度與策略及學習成就的指標、內涵與現況 (一)新移民子女學習態度與策略包括學習動機、學習興趣、學習習慣、學習方法、學習信心、學習焦慮、學習過程、自我測驗八個向度，其整體、分向度得分均為中程度，其中以自我測驗得分最高。 (二)新移民子女學習成就包括國文領域、作文、英文領域、數學領域、自然領域、社會領域、總成績、PR值、最煩惱的領域、最感興趣的十個向度，其整體、分向度的得分，除PR值分向度為中程度外，其餘皆為中低程度。 二、不同背景變項在新移民子女學習態度與策略及學習成就之差異情形 (一)不同背景變項在新移民子女學習態度與策略的得分方面：研究發現在性別、母親教育程度、母親中文程度、家庭學習環境等方面有顯著差異，但在學校所在地、母親國籍上則無顯著差異。 (二)不同背景變項在新移民子女學習成就的得分方面：研究發現在學校、母親教育程度、母親中文程度、家庭學習環境等方面有顯著差異，但在性別、國籍上則無顯著差異。 三、新移民子女學習學習態度與策略及學習成就的相關情形 整體新移民子女學習態度與策略和其整體學習成就間呈現中度正相關，學習成就各分向度中，則以PR值和新移民子女學習態度與策略總量表的相關程度最高。 四、新移民子女學習學習態度各向度對學習成就的預測情形 新移民子女學習態度與策略之學習習慣、學習信心及學習興趣三向度對整體新移民子女學習成就的聯合預測力最佳。 / The purpose of this research is to discuss the targets and present situation of learning attitude , strategy and achievement of new immigrants’ children in Taipei city and Taipei county. According to the document analysis, we provide some suggestion. In order to reach this goal ,literature analysis and the questionnaire survey were used in this research. The samples of students were selected from the third grade of junior high schools with new immigrants’ children. All of the 600 questionnaires were distributed with 410 returned and 8 nullities. With the effective questionnaire of 402, All data had been dealt and analyzed by SPSS for Windows 10.0, descriptive statistics, three-way ANOVA and canonical correlation analysis. and the results obtained as follows: (1) the targets and present situation of learning attitude , strategy and achievement of new immigrants’ children a. the targets of learning attitude and strategy of new immigrants’ children including learning motivations, learning interests, learning habits, learning methods, learning confidence, learning anxiety, learning procedure , self-testing. All items are average and self-testing is the highest. b. Learning achievement including Chinese, writing, English, math, science, society, grades, PR’s value, annoying subject, interesting subject. All items are below average except PR’s value, which is in the average. (2) Different background influence the learning attitude, strategy and achievement of new immigrants’ children a. according to the research, the gender, the educational background of mother, the Chinese degree of mother, learning environment, have significant influence on learning attitude and strategy. b. the educational background of mother, the Chinese degree of mother,the learning environment, have significant influence on learning achievement. (3) Correlated situation between learning attitude , strategy and achievement of new immigrants’ children The whole learning attitude and strategy have positive reference to learning achievement . Among the learning achievement ,PR value is the most significant to attitude and strategy. (4) The forecast of learning attitude to learning achievement Learning habits, learning confidence, and learning interests are the best parts to learning achievement of new immigrants’ children.