Esta pesquisa trata da motivação na aprendizagem musical e teve por objetivo investigar as relações entre os níveis de interesse e os níveis de competência, dificuldade e esforço para aprender música na escola. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo quantitativo utilizando-se dados secundários da pesquisa internacional "Os significados da música para crianças e adolescentes em ambientes escolares e não-escolares" coordenada por Gary McPherson (EUA) e, no Brasil, conduzida no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Música da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, sob a coordenação da Profa Dra Liane Hentschke. Fizeram parte da amostra da presente pesquisa 631 alunos de séries finais do ensino fundamental e médio de 11 escolas (públicas e privadas) de Porto Alegre e interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As idades variaram de 11 até 19 anos, sendo 300 meninos e 331 meninas. O referencial teórico fundamenta-se no modelo de expectativa e valor de Eccles et al. (1983), complementado por outras teorias da motivação que discutem as influências do interesse, autopercepção de competência, dificuldade e esforço na motivação para a aprendizagem. Para a análise de dados foram utilizados procedimentos da estatística descritiva e inferencial, tais como análise descritiva, o teste de correlação de Pearson, o teste qui-quadrado e o teste t. Através da análise descritiva foi identificado que 47,7% dos alunos atribuíram alto interesse em aprender música na escola, 16,2%, médio interesse e 35,8%, baixo interesse. A maioria dos alunos da amostra considerou-se com alta competência (80,3%) e baixa dificuldade (77%) para aprender música na escola. Os resultados também mostraram que houve correlações significativas moderadas e fracas entre os níveis dos fatores investigados. Quanto à questão de gênero, as meninas sentem-se mais competentes e acham menos difícil aprender música na escola do que os meninos. E, em relação ao tipo de escola, pública ou privada, há diferença quanto a sensação de esforço exigido. Os alunos da escola pública percebem uma exigência maior de esforço para aprender música do que os da escola privada. Comparando-se as faixas etárias, as diferenças significativas apresentaram-se relacionadas ao interesse, competência e esforço. O maior interesse, a maior competência e o menor esforço foram atribuídos pelos alunos de 14 a 16 anos. Os resultados referentes ao alto interesse neste trabalho são apoiados pela literatura e por pesquisas feitas sobre motivação na aprendizagem musical realizadas em âmbito internacional. Contudo, os resultados relativos ao baixo interesse são discutidos a partir de questões levantadas sobre o senso de competência, dificuldade e esforço percebidos na aprendizagem da música na escola pelos alunos brasileiros. / This research aimed to investigate the relation among the levels of interest and levels of competence, difficulty and in learning music in school. It consisted in a quantitative study based on secondary data of the international research named, "Meanings of Music for Children and Adolescents in Musical schools and Non-school Activities" under the international coordination of Professor Gary McPherson (USA/Australia). In Brazil the research was coordinated by Professor Hentschke in Brazil (Graduate Program In Music of UFRGS - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Out of the total Brazilian sample of 1848 students, this study used a sample of 631 students from the final series of Fundamental Education and Secondary Education, of 11 schools (public and private) from Porto Alegre other nearby cities. There were 300 boys and 331 girls between 11 and 19 years-old. Eccles et al. (1983) Expectancy-Value Model was used as a theoretical framework of this work, complemented by other theories of motivation that discussed the influences of interest, self perception of competence, difficulty and effort in motivation to learn. For data analysis some statistical tests were applied such as, descriptive analysis, Pearson test of correlation, Chi- Square test and T test. Through descriptive analysis it was identified that 47,7% of the students conferred high interest in learning music in school, 16,2%, medium interest and 35,8%, low interest. The majority of students from the sample was considerated with high competence (80,3%) and low difficulty (77%) in learning music in school. The results showed also that there were meaningful moderated and weak correlations among the levels of investigated factors. As far as gender is concerned, girls feel more competent than boys and think that it is less difficult to learn music in school. Regarding the kind of school, public and private, there is a difference as to the sensation of the effort demanded. Children from public school perceive more effort required to learn music than those from private school. In comparing age groups, the meaningful differences were related to interest, competence and effort. The greatest interest, the greatest competence and less effort were allocated by students between 14 and 16. The results concerning the high interest to learn music found among students are supported by research on motivation for music learning. However the results about low interest are discussed from the questions raised about the level of competency, difficulty and effort perceived by students in Brazil.

Folk high schools are adult education institutions established in Denmark in the 19th century, being known for their focus on specific values and approach to teaching. The diploma thesis covers the topic of folk high schools from the period of their establishment, throughout the historical evolution of the concept, until the current situation of folk high schools and their social function. The thesis examines the possibility of integration of the selected model of folk high school in Czech Republic, more specifically within the Municipal Library of Prague (MLP). At the theoretical level, it was identified that it is necessary to adapt the Czech legislation and provide a fixed financial cover, in order to incorporate the folk high school to the system of public libraries in reality. Conducted quantitative research confirms the interest of users of the Municipal Library of Prague in a library as an adult education activities provider. Key words folk high school, liberal education, active citizenship, lifelong learning

Šiame darbe buvo siekiama ištirti ir panaudoti 3D redaktorių galimybes kuriant mokomuosius žaidimus, t. y. atlikti populiariausių žaidimų 3D redaktorių lyginamąją analizę ir ištirti pasirinktų redaktorių galimybes kurti matematikos mokomuosius žaidimus, sukurti mokomąjį žaidimą, jį įdiegti mokykloje bei atlikti praktinio taikymo mokykloje tyrimą. Siekiant įvykdyti iškeltus uždavinius, buvo susipažinta su 3D redaktoriais, jie suskirstyti į tris tipus, atsižvelgiant į tai, ar jie gali būti panaudoti mokomųjų žaidimų kūrime. Pasirinktu video žaidimo Half-Life redaktoriumi Valve Hammer Editor buvo sukurtas mokomasis žaidimas „Rodiklinių lygčių labirintas“. Šis žaidimas buvo panaudotas vienuoliktokų rodiklinių lygčių ir jų sprendimo būdų įtvirtinimo pamokoje. Siekiant ištirti žaidimo efektyvumą buvo lyginami dviejų lygiagrečių klasių, kurių viena pamokoje dirbo su mokomuoju žaidimu, kita dirbo tradiciškai, testo rezultatai. Taip pat norint išsiaiškinti mokinių nuomonę apie mokomuosius žaidimus bei mokomąsias programas, buvo atliktas anketinis tyrimas. Atsakydami į anketos klausimus, mokiniai išreiškė savo nuomonę apie mokomąsias programas ir mokomuosius žaidimus, apie su mokomuoju žaidimu vykusią pamoką bei patį mokomąjį žaidimą. / This master thesis presents the investigation how to use the possibilities of 3D editors to create educative games. Main goals of this work: to make a comparative analysis of 3D editors of the most popular games, to study the opportunities of the chosen 3D editors to create math’s educative games, to create educative game, to introduce it in school and to make the analysis of the practical application in school. In order to achieve the raised goals it was acquainted with 3D editors. According to their possibilities to be used in the creation of the educative games they are divided into 3 types. After the analysis we chose Valve Hammer editor (game Half-Life) and created an educative game „Rodiklinių lygčių labirintas“. This game was used in the consolidative lesson of the 11th form during which an exponential equations and their way of solution was studied. Seeking to investigate the effectiveness of the game, the test results of two parallel classes were compared – one of them was working with an educative game the other - traditionally. Also, a questionnaire survey was made in order to find out the pupils’ opinion. While answering the questionnaire the pupils expressed their opinion about the educative games and the educative programs also about the lesson during which an educative game was used, and about the educative game itself.

This diploma thesis is focused on the origin and history of elementary education system in the area Prague- west. The work is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practic. The theoretical part chronologically introduces the history of the schools since their inception ( complete dissolution ), to the present. The history of a particular schools in this area is the material source used to formulate the project for for students of different schools as the general public. The main aim of this project is to familiarize pupils with the history of their school and to strengthen the students' relationship to the school. The project will be realized in the school year 2014/2015. All proposed activities and expected outcomes are formulated according to the Framework Educational Programme.

Attention is a complex ability, which significantly contributes to the process of intentional learning. On the theoretical level, this thesis focuses on the types and theories of attention related to the effective management of school demands. More specifically, it focuses on the development period of older school age and adolescence, i. e. secondary school pupils. The paper analyzes the results of scientific studies that have been focused on the research of attention and its properties (e.g. stability, concentration or selectivity). The work is focused on examining whether a low-cost compensation aid - here earplugs - can improve concentration and stability of attention during learning. Furthermore, the work briefly mentions the physiological basis of the functioning of this cognitive process. The conclusion of the theoretical part of the paper maps the current possibilities of diagnostics of attention, especially in children and adolescents. There are also sporadic mentions of selected attention disorders (e.g. ADD, ADHD), which are closely related (not only) to learning. In the empirical part of the thesis, a quantitative research is described, using several different tests of attention. The research question is whether and how the attention (concentrating) and, where appropriate, the...

A pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar em que condições a inserção do projeto Lugares de aprender: a escola sai da escola contribui com a democratização da cultura na formação escolar dos estudantes, a partir da abordagem dos estudos culturais. Partindo dos objetivos específicos que pretendem apresentar e caracterizar os estudos culturais como campo teórico e político, que trata das relações na sociedade, e situar o programa Cultura é Currículo nas políticas contemporâneas de educação, a indagação a ser respondida por esse estudo é: em que condições a inserção do projeto Lugares de Aprender: a escola sai da escola contribui com a democratização cultural na formação dos estudantes? Em nossa hipótese preliminar supomos que a inserção do turismo no currículo escolar permite a aproximação dos estudantes a diferentes espaços culturais, ampliando e diversificando as referências culturais em sua formação. Como metodologia, realizamos pesquisa teórica recorrendo a fontes bibliográficas e documentais, e pesquisa de campo. Nesta, utilizamos o método observacional com o enfoque preponderantemente qualitativo, e técnicas de observação direta, entrevista e questionário. Os dados obtidos foram categorizados para análise dos conteúdos. Os resultados alcançados representam a complexidade apreendida nas diversas relações entre os participantes e planejadores do projeto. / This research mainly aims to describe on which conditions the insertion of the project Lugares de aprender: a escola sai da escola (Places for learning: schooling leaves school) contributes to the democratization of culture in the schooling of students due to its use of a cultural studies approach. Starting with the specific objectives that firstly intend to present and characterize cultural studies as a theoretical and political field, which covers relations in society, and secondly propose to situate the program Cultura é Currículo (Culture is Curriculum) in contemporary educational policies the question to be answered by this study is, In which conditions the insertion of the project Lugares de aprender: a escola sai da escola (Places for learning: schooling leaves school) contributes to cultural democratization in students\' education? In our preliminary hypothesis, we assume that the inclusion of tourism in the school curriculum allows students to approach different cultural spaces, expanding and diversifying the cultural references in their education. As methodology, we have conducted theoretical research using bibliographic and documentary sources as well as field research. In such research, we have made use of the observational method with a predominantly qualitative approach, as well as techniques of direct observation, interview and questionnaire. Data were categorized for content analysis. The achieved results represent the complexity perceived in different relationships between participants and project planners.

<p>Abstract</p><p>The signification of the eyesight for children’s development and learning- how do pedagogues support and stimulate children with defective vision in their development and learning in pre-school?</p><p>These issues are based on my purpose of the field survey investigations, where I have interviewed three pedagogues and also performed an observation.</p><p>My main conclusion and results describe that the vision is the high-powered engine in children’s development and learning. It also tells us that those around the children are very important for optimum development and learning, especially when it comes to supporting and stimulating children with defective vision in their necessities. Our other senses are a compensation to make it easier for children with defective visions in their lives. But all our senses are equally important for children with defective vision as they are for seeing children in their development and learning with their whole body in pre-school.</p><p>Keywords:</p><p>Eyesight, children with defective vision, development and learning in pre-school, pedagogues, pedagogical support and stimulation</p> / <p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Vilken betydelse har synsinnet för barns utveckling och lärande? Hur kan pedagoger med hjälp av olika pedagogiska insatser eller hjälpmedel, stödja och stimulera barn som är synskadade i deras utveckling samt i sitt lärande i förskolan?</p><p>Dessa frågeställningar speglar mitt syfte med denna uppsats. Frågeställningarna i sin tur har under processens gång också vidarebearbetats till tre frågeområden, vilka också har varit centrala i undersökningens genomförande av en observation och intervjuer med tre pedagoger.</p><p>Huvudresultatet och min slutsats visar att synsinnet är motorn i ett barns utveckling och lärande. Om ett barn har en synskada är omgivningens förhållningssätt, bemötande och agerande livsviktigt för att stödja samt stimulera barnet optimalt utifrån de behov barnet har.</p><p>För att underlätta tillvaron för synskadade barn är våra övriga sinnen ett exempel på kompensatoriska hjälpinsatser, dessutom är de viktiga för alla barn i deras utveckling och lärande med hela kroppen i förskolan.</p><p>Nyckelord:</p><p>Synsinnet, synskadade barn, utveckling och lärande i förskolan, pedagoger, pedagogiska hjälpinsatser</p>

Abstract The signification of the eyesight for children’s development and learning- how do pedagogues support and stimulate children with defective vision in their development and learning in pre-school? These issues are based on my purpose of the field survey investigations, where I have interviewed three pedagogues and also performed an observation. My main conclusion and results describe that the vision is the high-powered engine in children’s development and learning. It also tells us that those around the children are very important for optimum development and learning, especially when it comes to supporting and stimulating children with defective vision in their necessities. Our other senses are a compensation to make it easier for children with defective visions in their lives. But all our senses are equally important for children with defective vision as they are for seeing children in their development and learning with their whole body in pre-school. Keywords: Eyesight, children with defective vision, development and learning in pre-school, pedagogues, pedagogical support and stimulation / Sammanfattning Vilken betydelse har synsinnet för barns utveckling och lärande? Hur kan pedagoger med hjälp av olika pedagogiska insatser eller hjälpmedel, stödja och stimulera barn som är synskadade i deras utveckling samt i sitt lärande i förskolan? Dessa frågeställningar speglar mitt syfte med denna uppsats. Frågeställningarna i sin tur har under processens gång också vidarebearbetats till tre frågeområden, vilka också har varit centrala i undersökningens genomförande av en observation och intervjuer med tre pedagoger. Huvudresultatet och min slutsats visar att synsinnet är motorn i ett barns utveckling och lärande. Om ett barn har en synskada är omgivningens förhållningssätt, bemötande och agerande livsviktigt för att stödja samt stimulera barnet optimalt utifrån de behov barnet har. För att underlätta tillvaron för synskadade barn är våra övriga sinnen ett exempel på kompensatoriska hjälpinsatser, dessutom är de viktiga för alla barn i deras utveckling och lärande med hela kroppen i förskolan. Nyckelord: Synsinnet, synskadade barn, utveckling och lärande i förskolan, pedagoger, pedagogiska hjälpinsatser

This study analyses current and older Czech biology textbooks containing information and chapters about genetics. It also proposes suggestions for an update of textbooks content based on this analysis, and prepares methodical materials as help and possible inspiration for biology teachers.

The aim of the thesis is to highlight the link between learning disabilities and school success. The theoretical part describes the specifics of the development of a child under school age, the learning process and its laws, specific learning disabilities, their various types and describes the conditions for success in education. The practical part is focused on research, processing, analysis and interpretation of results and subsequent recommendations for the general public and teaching, where there is contact with a child with dysorthography.