This study aims to explore teachers’ experiences of an invitational learning environment in culturally diverse Foundation Phase classrooms. Foundation Phase teachers as well as members from the School Management Team were identified as participants to create in-depth information on the topic of research. An interpretivist research paradigm was used to portray the lived experiences and personal responses of the participants. A combined theoretical framework consisting of the Open Systems Theory and The Invitational Learning Theory guided this research. The literature in this study provides a detailed discussion of Invitation Education (IE) the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in creating invitational learning environments, the relationship between culture and invitational educational, the effects of the environment on invitational teaching and learning. Semi-structured interviews, observation and visual data formed the data collection instruments in this study. Data were coded, examined and emerging themes were identified. The teachers and school management team members who participated in this study shared their insight in invitational learning environments, their methods for creation as well as the challenges that prevented their creation. This research summarised teachers experiences in creating an invitational learning environment and provided valuable techniques to create invitation and methods for overcoming challenges. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Early Childhood Education / MEd / Unrestricted

This thesis is an exploration of the properties of shallow generative adversarial networks (GANs). We focus on several aspects of GANs to investigate the learnability of a class of distributions using shallow GANs and conduct experiments to explore the influence of these aspects on the performance of the GAN models. We identify and analyze several pathological phenomena in theoretical analysis and experiments, and propose potential solutions for them.

School drug use has been attributed to the annual suspension of thousands of secondary adolescents, subsequently contributing to poor academics, low graduation rates, and continued school drug use. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the experiences of former adolescents who engaged in school drug use. Social learning theory suggests that behaviors observed from within the environment may later be modeled. Using Bandura's social learning theory, 10 participants, 18 years old and older responded to open-ended questions about how they processed school drug use. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, the responses to the open-ended questions were coded and analyzed. Bandura's social learning theory supports the key findings. Findings indicated that former students reported being influenced by their environment and others around them, such as friends. Additional findings from the study suggest that boredom was another reason students engaged in school drug use. While a few students enrolled in a new school after being suspended for school drug use, the findings suggest that out-of-school suspensions are not meaningful to students. After returning to school from their suspension, students felt behind in their school work. Implications for social change include understanding potential influences of school drug use on students and their environment. This understanding can benefit schools, parents, and the community through interventions and proactive measures that target school drug use among adolescents.

With an increase in diagnosis rates of autism in Trinidad, more parents of children with autism, especially single fathers, face numerous challenges on a daily basis. There is a lack of research on this topic and therefore an inadequate understanding of the experiences of Trinidadian single fathers as primary caregivers for children with autism. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and depict the lived experiences of single fathers of children with autism. Social support theory was the guiding conceptual framework to explore and understand how single fathers effectively manage their daily challenges. Ten single fathers from Southern Trinidad were recruited through criterion sampling and they engaged in semi-structured interviews individually. Moustakas's steps to phenomenological analysis were used to analyze the data. There were seven major themes that emerged from describing the lived experience of single fathers of children with autism: (a) challenges, (b) social support systems, (c) day-to-day experiences, (d) the role of the father within the family, (e) effects on social life, (f) sibling reactions, and (g) adaptive coping mechanisms. This study may engender social change, as the findings may be used to support single fathers to continue to provide care for their children. This study could result in improved understanding and support for their children both at home, in school, and in the community. The findings will be available to other fathers who share similar experiences. Special education service providers may gain further information to improve their services to families of children with disabilities.

Reentry programs have been demonstrated to reduce recidivism. These same programs experience high attrition rates that degrade effectiveness and reduce capacity. Recidivism rates are reported as over 77% after 5 years from release which negatively impact society, victims and the released offenders. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to examine recently released offenders' insights regarding attrition from reentry programs to provide program administrators with themes that may be useful in addressing attrition. Social learning theory was used to frame the study. Audio recordings were collected during semistructured interviews with 21 reentry program participants. The recordings were transcribed and organized by stage and individual participant. The data was then coded to develop emergent themes about attrition. The themes were unawareness of reentry programs, inefficient learning processes, and lack of cooperative relationships. The themes that offer insight into the self-reported feelings were optimism turns to frustration when learned skills do not provide the expected outcomes and willingness to inform others about the reentry program. Results may provide reentry program administrators with insights to improve the design and execution of reentry programs to facilitate completion by high-risk offenders, which may lower the risk of recidivism.

Due to the shortage of clinical sites, nursing educators, deans, and directors are compelled to implement alternative clinical solutions such as high-fidelity simulation (HFS). The problem is that nursing educators are often not prepared to implement HFS as a teaching strategy. Faculty readiness is imperative for a successful simulation program and student outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions and practices of faculty, deans, and directors on the implementation of HFS across the nursing curriculum. Kolb's experiential learning theory provided the theoretical support for both the teaching and learning required by faculty for a successful simulation program. The key research question was to investigate how nursing educators perceived the implementation of HFS across the curriculum and how nursing deans and directors provided support for integrating HFS throughout the curriculum. The study population included 13 nursing faculty and 7 deans using simulation at prelicensure programs. Data collection included interviews, observations of simulation labs, and document analysis. Data were analyzed using open and priori coding. Five themes emerged relating to need for faculty development, need for time, need for resources, need for space, and need for support. These findings were consistent with the literature. Based on the findings, a professional development program in simulation pedagogy was developed. The faculty development program could lead to a positive social change by reducing barriers and increasing the use of simulation. Increasing the use of simulation allows nursing students to practice clinical reasoning skills and gain confidence and competence with the goal of improving patient outcomes.

The Association for Educational and Communications and Technology (AECT) is the leading organization for educational-technology professionals and a leader in the definition of the field. Since the first AECT definition in 1963, definitional changes have represented a shift from using specific learning components and messages to control learning processes, to using these elements to facilitate and support teaching and learning. The changing definition has reflected the trends in the field and an ever-deepening theory base. Previous researchers have identified a gap between what theories project should happen and the actual design and practice—or what does happen—in technology-enhanced learning environments. In other words, there is often a disconnect between theory, design, and practice. This study addressed changes in theories selected in the field of educational technology. Examining the theories used in the past and how these have changed as AECT’s definition of the field has changed may prove useful in strengthening future connections between theory, design, and practice. Content analysis was used to examine the AECT conference proceedings from 1979 to 2013 to track theoretical shifts over the period studied. Observed changes in theory were further examined using the hype cycle. Systems theory informed the study.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In the United States, over 30 percent of children are categorized as overweight or obese. Comorbid conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and other health complications related to obesity, are also on the rise. This public health issue is often related to disproportionate dietary intake and lack of physical activity. Efforts that promote fruits and vegetables (F/V) as preferred food choices over high fat and high sugar foods may help combat the increasing incidence of overweight and obesity. Other benefits from F/V include prebiotics or fiber that helps to create and maintain a healthy microbiota, which is now recognized as essential for long-term positive health outcomes. Many children, however, fall short in consuming the recommended daily amounts of F/V servings, and therefore, lack key nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients and fiber. This study is a pilot, quasi-experimental design that provides information related to the importance of eating F/V to children, ages 11-12 years, who attend a parochial school in Indianapolis, Indiana. The data from this study describe the amounts of F/V servings in home-prepared school lunches. The primary aim of this study is to determine if eight interactive multimedia lessons and activities delivered to one group of students (intervention) and a single lesson delivered to a different group of students in the same school and grade (control), affects the amount of lunch F/V servings, student knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy/perception. This baseline data will contribute to the design and implementation of a health curriculum for middle school age students. Focus groups, adapted validated assessment tools as well as the on-site observation of F/V servings brought in lunches and consumed at lunch are compared between both groups to document any effects of the instruction. The results show that a statistically significant change in knowledge occurred within the intervention group following the implementation of this F/V education series. Favorable findings, with a positive upward trend in relative amounts of F/V, were identified and more research in this area is warranted.

No description available.

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore through the lens of culturally responsive instruction (CRI) the development of teachers’ sense of efficacy, as defined by Bandura (1995), to address the literacy learning of diverse first, second, or third grade (i.e., primary grade level) students. In this process, I purposively selected the location and the participants because answering my research questions required that I conduct the investigation within learning settings where culturally and linguistically diverse students in the primary grade levels (i.e., first, second, or third grade) receive literacy instruction. My time in the field and my comprehensive focus on the participants and their teaching practices allowed me to gather rich descriptive data concerning the participants’ perspectives, experiences, and teaching practices through multiple traditional case study data collection means. Four overarching themes emerged from within, between, and across case analysis as significant in the development of teachers’ sense of efficacy to address the literacy learning of their pluralistic student populations in a culturally responsive manner. The themes include: (1) Perspectives shaping literacy instruction provision, (2) Understanding what constitutes CRI, (3) The impact of establishing a collaborative teaching community on the development of teachers’ sense of efficacy, and (4) Foundations of culturally responsive teachers’ sense of efficacy. I base my recommendations for the development of inservice teachers’ sense of efficacy to address the literacy learning of their students using CRI and my recommendations for future research on my study findings.