Tato práce se zabývá metodou úplně nejmenších čtverc·, která slouží pro odhad parametr· v lineárních modelech. V práci je uveden základní popis metody a její asymptotické vlastnosti. Je vysvětleno, jakým zp·sobem lze v konceptu metody využít neparametrický bootstrap pro hledání odhadu. Vlastnosti bootstrap od- had· jsou pak simulovány na pseudo náhodně vygenerovaných datech. Simulace jsou prováděny pro dvourozměrný parametr v r·zných nastaveních základního modelu. Jednotlivé bootstrap odhady jsou v rovině řazeny pomocí Mahalanobis a Tukey statistical depth function. Simulace potvrzují, že bootstrap odhad dává dostatečně dobré výsledky, aby se dal využít pro reálné situace.

Partial Least Squares is both a regression method and a tool for variable selection, that is especially appropriate for models based on numerous (possibly correlated) variables. While being a well established modeling tool in chemometrics, this thesis adapts PLS to financial data to predict the movements of the business cycle represented by the OECD Composite Leading Indicators. High-dimensional data is used, and a model with automated variable selection through a genetic algorithm is developed to forecast different economic regions with good results in out-of-sample tests. / Partial Least Squares är både en regressionsmetod och ett verktyg för variabelselektion som är specielltlämpligt för modeller baserade på en stor mängd (möjligtvis korrelerade) variabler.Medan det är en väletablerad modelleringsmetod inom kemimetri, anpassar den häruppsatsen PLS till finansiell data för att förutspå rörelserna av konjunkturen,representerad av OECD's Composite Leading Indicator. Högdimensionella dataanvänds och en model med automatiserad variabelselektion via en genetiskalgoritm utvecklas för att göra en prognos av olika ekonomiska regioner medgoda resultat i out-of-sample-tester

This study work deals with the determination of the gravimetric geoid model for Kazakhstan by using the KTH-method. A number of data sets were collected for this work, such as the gravity anomalies, high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) and GPS/Levelling data. These data has been optimally combined through the KTH approach, developed at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm. According to this stochastic method, Stokes’ formula is being used with the original surface gravity anomaly, which combine with a GGM yields approximate geoid heights. The corrected geoid heights are then obtained by adding the topographic, downward continuation, atmospheric and ellipsoidal corrections to the approximate geoid heights. To compute the geoid model for Kazakhstan as accurately as possible with available data set different numerical tests have been performed: Choice of the best fit geopotential model in the computation area Investigations for the best choice of the initial condition for determination of the least-squares parameters Selection of the best parametric model for reducing the effect of the systematic error and data inconsistencies between computed geoid heights and GPS/Levelling heights.  Finally, 5'x5' Kazakh gravimetric geoid (KazGM2010) has been modelled.

The primary objective of this study was to develop an empirical model that accounts for factors affecting the demand for international tourist hotels, and that enables demand estimation and projection of demand, in the context of the metropolitan Seoul area. Models were hypothesized to explain market behavior of selected segments of the hotel industry. Demand Model I accounted for international hotel demand incorporating such explanatory variables as price, trade volume and events. Both demand and price were treated as endogenous variables and the time-dependent error processes were all examined. Demand Model I was further expanded by incorporating segmentation variables. The inclusion of segmentation variables into the model in Demand Model II enabled the analysis of the interdependence of market segments that affects demand. Along with the incorporation of a time series structure, a system of equations was employed for Demand Model II. The results indicated that the explanatory variables, which were own price, the number of events and the volume of trade, had a significant impact on international hotel demand. The results from the demand equations also revealed that the demand for a segment is significantly influenced by price and demand for other segments. A cross-segment substitution effect on the demand side is quite relevant for the international lodging market in Seoul and demand for a market segment fluctuates in the same direction as the total market demand changes. From the price equations, the market price of lodging services was found to be related to demand and supply influences simultaneously. The results also indicated that seasonality and economic factors, such as exchange rates and consumer price index, have significant influence directly on international lodging prices. Such factors also were found to have indirect effects on the demand level. / Ph. D.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training peer models to implement the system of least prompts and model augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) on expressive language in children with developmental delays. Using a multiple probe across participants design, 4 students with developmental delays were trained to use a language output app on the iPad to communicate five common phrases. Results for 3 participants indicated a functional relation between the peer modeling and expressive language. One student did not complete the intervention due to excessive absences. In most cases, students increased verbal language. Two participants made progress with the intervention as it was planned. One student needed for the intervention to be adapted, then progressed. All three students were able to maintain these language skills. Future research should be carried out with students with different disabilities, older students, and further studies with preschool-aged students.

Chatbots are very widely used nowadays. However, much of the research on Chatbots have had a technology focus or has been limited to studies of adoption. To take advantage of the potential associated with chatbots, research that addresses the issues online users face when interacting with such programs is needed. The study described in this paper used the task-to technology fit theory to address the question of how individual characteristics and task/technology requirements influence the performance and utilization of chatbots. This paper used the quantitative methodology over two sets of data collected independently from two different populations. The first dataset of 100 respondents was obtained firstly through a structured questionnaire administered at Linnaeus University Campus in Växjö. The respondents are students in the university who use chatbots regularly. A second dataset was also collected from 20 participants through a practical test experiment with three different chatbots (Eliza, Rose, and Watson). The result and the data were then recorded through an online interview via the zoom application. The two datasets were analyzed quantitatively using comparative factor analysis with the aid of Smart PLS software. While few variables provided little support for the claims, the majority of the variables show strong support for the importance of task–technology fit, as a measure of chatbot utilization and performance based on individual characteristics as well as the task/technology requirements.

Cette thèse doctorale s’attache à fournir une théorisation du Développement Economique Local (DEL) dans les Pays les Moins Avancés (PMA). Elle présente également une synthétisation des conditions et des hypothèses que les programmes et les institutions peuvent provoquer pour obtenir un changement durable dans les territoires. Un tel changement est prévu dans le but de conduire les PMA vers une trajectoire de développement. Le sujet de thèse est placé dans le cadre de la problématique des axes stratégiques du développement local et des choix de sociétés dans les Pays les Moins Avancés.La recherche, qui s’appuie sur une étude de cas de financement de développement local, est réalisée avec quatre sources de données qualitatives collectées de 2014 à 2017 sur le terrain d’une économie moins avancée. La posture épistémologique utilisée commence par déterminer la nature des problèmes identifiés et les spécificités des Pays les Moins Avancés. L’approche constructiviste pragmatique a permis de répondre et d’expliquer des phénomènes observables relatifs aux processus aboutissant au développement économique local suite à des financements appropriés.Les résultats de ce travail ont mis en évidence le cadre empirique du développement local dans les PMA.Les contributions de cette thèse de doctorat sont à plusieurs niveaux. D’abord elles sont d’ordre théorique, à travers un éclairage du système de gouvernance locale dans les Pays les Moins Avancés. Le cadre théorique spécifique aux PMA est approfondi et a permis de développer un ensemble de préconditions du développement local dans les PMA. Ensuite, les contributions de ce travail portent sur les politiques de développement et les politiques publiques.Nous proposons à partir de mécanismes de financements dit « mixtes » des stratégies de financements adaptées aux particularités des PMA en nous basant sur deux piliers du développement local dans les économies les moins avancés : la gouvernance locale et les entrepreneurs. Le modèle théorique et les préconditions au DEL permettent d’avoir une vue d’ensemble des stratégies à mettre en œuvre pour créer le cercle vertueux du DEL dans ces économies. / This doctoral thesis aims to provide a theorization of Local Economic Development (LED) in the Least Developed Countries (LDC). It also presents a synthesis of the conditions and assumptions of programs and institutions to reach transformative and sustainable change in local territories. Such a change is intended to drive the LDCs towards a sound development trajectory. The topic of the thesis is placed within the framework of the strategic options of local development and the choice of societies in the Least Developed Countries.The research, based on a case study of local development financing, is carried out with four qualitative data sources collected from 2014 to 2017 in the field of a less advanced economy. The epistemological posture starts by the nature of the problems identified and the specificities of the Least Developed Countries. The pragmatic constructivist approach made it possible to answer and explain observable phenomena related to the problem of identifying processes leading to local economic development following appropriate funding mechanism.The results of this doctoral research have highlighted an empirical framework for local development in LDCs.The contributions of this doctoral thesis numerous. First, they are of a theoretical nature, through an understanding of the local governance system in the least developed countries. The theoretical framework specific to the LDCs is thus analysed and allows to develop a set of preconditions for local development in the LDCs. Secondly, the contributions of this work deal with development policies and public policies.Indeed, we propose financing strategies adapted to the specificities of LDCs based on the two pillars of local development in the least developed economies: local governance and entrepreneurs, on the so-called "mixed" financing mechanisms. The theoretical model and LED preconditions provide an overview of strategies to implement the virtuous circle of LED in these economies.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第18701号 / 情博第551号 / 新制||情||97(附属図書館) / 31634 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 阿久津 達也, 教授 山本 章博, 教授 岡部 寿男 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Sidewalks provide many community services, yet not much geospatial research exists regarding sidewalks, especially in Mississippi. The purpose of this thesis was to use geographic information systems to inventory and map sidewalks for Starkville, MS and to compare sidewalk availability and quality to 2010 US census block demographics. In Starkville, sidewalks served 28% of the census block population, which classifies the city as “Car-Dependent” according to a Walk Score criteria. Majority minority census blocks and majority white census blocks had similar proportions of sidewalks. However, 97% of “Excellent” quality and 64 more sections of ADA compliant sidewalks were within majority white census blocks or commercial census blocks. Residential census blocks, especially majority minority blocks, have 26% less connectivity and an overall less dense sidewalk network. Starkville sidewalks have greatly improved since initial construction, but it seems that the current sidewalk infrastructure still reflects historical settlement and zoning patterns.

The objective of this research was to determine the environmental and social factors that led to the shift of settlement patterning from agro-pastoral in the late Neolithic to hillort sites at the turn of the Early Bronze Age and why burial mounds (tumuli) were erected further than anticipated from corresponding hillort sites in the Shkodra Plain region in Northern Albania. Geospatial techniques were used to examine 168 tumuli and seven hillort sites. These were mapped to examine visibility, viewshed, slope, and potential prehistoric networks. Based on the landscape visibility GIS results, it was found that hillort sites and tumuli were part of an social landscape that thrived on trade. It was determinable that the shift of the social landscape was related to Northern trade routes and probable changes in paleo-lake levels. This new evidence provides insight to Albanian prehistoric culture and has implications to related studies in the Balkans.