The bullwhip effect is known as a phenomenon of information distortion due to the lack of information sharing and the forecast error. This phenomenon could cause the productions plan to be instable and the inventory fluctuation among the supply chain members. Those situations above will also cause the fluctuation of purchasing costs to downstream members. The raising costs and inefficiency will be the burden of whole supply chain and not single party can exempts such result. Therefore, the collaboration of supply chain members is aim to solve such problems. In this study, we set the manufacturer as the logistic center among supply chain members, and operate the collaborative business. The artificial leather industry in Taiwan will be the platform of this study. Operation models will be built by the classical type, CPFR type, and CCU (collaborative and coordinative unit) type, and also to be simulated to analyze the performances through several KPIs. The result of this study can be the reference when adopting CPFR or CCU into Taiwan artificial leather industry.

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Schwefelgerbung. Warum aber mit der Schwefelgerbung? Die Ergebnisse der Literaturauswertung und beider Experimentalteile wurden zum gegenwärtigen Wissenstand über die Schwefelgerbung zusammengefasst und die sich daraus ergebenden wissenschaftlichen und praktischen Schlussfolgerungen gezogen. Die Arbeit soll unter einem betont praktischen Aspekt einen Beitrag zur Theorie der Schwefelgerbung liefern und zugleich eine Entscheidung darüber ermöglichen, ob die "alte" Schwefelgerbung in Kombination mit modernen Gerbverfahren erneutes Interesse für die Lederherstellung verdient oder nicht.

The most significant problem of the tanning industry is waste generation. The presence of chromium in leather waste represents a potential hazard due to the possibility of Cr(III) being converted to its toxic state, Cr(VI). The treatment of chrome-tanned leather waste described in this research occurs in three phases: dechroming; isolation of gelatin, and application of the gelatin produced in the finishing of leather. Chrome-tanned shavings were dechromed and subsequently used for the production of gelatin. Gelatin was isolated from dechromed shavings in a one-step process, through thermal and chemical hydrolysis, using the hydrolytic agents ammonia, sodium hydroxide and acetic acid. The gelatin obtained through thermal hydrolysis exhibited better properties, in terms of gel strength, melting point, swelling and thermal properties, than the gelatin obtained through chemical hydrolysis and the former process was more cost-effective in terms of time, chemicals and waste production. The use of gelatin may be limited by its poor mechanical properties. The introduction of chemical modifications, using the crosslinking agents glutaraldehyde (GTA), oxazolidine II, ethylene glycol cliglycidyl ether (epoxy compound), hexamethylene dii socyanate (HMDC) and I -ethyl-3 -(3 -dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), improved the performance in terms of strength and stability of the gelatin: oxazolidine and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether are the most suitable since they confer plasticising properties in addition to stabilising the gelatin. A plasticiser (glycerol) was added into the matrix network of gelatin, increasing its flexibility. The isolated gelatin and a mixture of gelatinlglycerol were compared in use as a replacement for the commercial protein binder, casein, for glazed finishing. The finishing formulations were crosslinked with epoxy compound and oxazolidine. Physical tests carried out on the finished product showed promising results, with the gelatin/epoxy formulation showing potential for application. Ihe potential fbr gelatin isolated from chrome shavings to he produced as a high-added value material lor new applications in the future, such as a component tor finishing Formulations in the leather industry, was demonstrated

Traditional theories of industrial restructuring assign the most explanatory weight of the structural change phenomenon to increasing pressures via globalization and falling trade barriers. This thesis offers a new model of thinking about industrial restructuring that includes multiple stressors. The thesis focuses on three main drivers of structural change: market pressures, environmental regulation and changes in land use and land pricing, using two case studies of leather and footwear industrial clusters in Mexico, located in the cities of León and Guadalajara. Evidence of multiple drivers of structural change is found in the dissertation. Furthermore, responses to restructuring drivers in León and Guadalajara are found to be substantially different. Firms in the leather and footwear cluster in León have implemented countervailing strategies such as price competition, government lobbying, and more recently, investment in socio-economic research (competitiveness) projects. However, firms in the leather and footwear cluster in Guadalajara focused on a specific, high-end target market. At the larger, urban scale, footwear and its allied industries in the city of León resisted change and have tried to remain in operation while the city of Guadalajara has focused on a diversification strategy, attracting new (arguably more technically advanced) industries. This thesis offers empirical and theoretical advances. Empirically, it applies a firm demographics approach to the study of industrial clusters under multiple stressors. This approach has not been previously used on Mexican data. Theoretically, it demonstrates that future analyses of industrial complexes’ structural change can be strengthened through the use of an integrated assessment framework investigating the effect of multiple stressors (market forces, land pricing, technical change, environmental regulations, and consumer preferences) on industrial restructuring.

Drabužių ir odos aksesuarų kolekciją sudaro 18 modelių iš kurių atrinkti 5 modeliai - įgyvendinti. Kolekcija siekiama perteikti laumių charakterio savybes, mistišką prigimtį, gyvenimo būdą ir visa tai susieti su šiuolaikine mada. Suknelėse dominuojančia siluetų ir konstrukcijų asimetrija, banguojančiomis linijomis norima suteikti laisvumo įspūdį. Odiniuose aksesuaruose, naudojant ažūrą, faktūrinių ir lygių paviršių derinius, modulinius žvynelius, siekiama atkartoti gamtos motyvus. Kuriamiems ansambliams rinktasi natūralūs šilti žemės tonai. Spalvos varijuoja tarp rudos, žalsvai rusvos, kreminės, švelniai rausvos, pilkos. / The clothing and accessories collection I Am Laume Today is composed of 18 models and 5 models selected out of them were executed. The collection aims to convey the features of pixie character, mystical nature, life style and to link all this with modern fashion. The asymmetry of silhouettes and constructions prevailing in dress design and billowy lines are aimed to create the effect of easiness. It is pursued to repeat nature motives with tracery, combinations of patterned and smooth surfaces, modular flakes used in leather accessories. Natural, warm earth tones were chosen for created ensembles. Colours vary between brown, greenish-brown, cream, soft reddish and grey.

Teoriniame darbe yra nagrinėjama žalčio semantinė prasmė, jo kultas Lietuvoje, įvaizdis tautodailėje ir tautosakoje, taip pat apžvelgiami žalčio motyvai šiuolaikiniame mene. Senųjų tikėjimų ir pasaulėjautos atmintis tebėra kiekvieno lietuvio sielos dalis. Kas paveldėta iš gilios senovės, neišnyksta be pėdsakų. Bėgant metamas, religijos ir socialinės struktūros keičiasi, daugelis mitinių būtybių bei simbolių išlieka transformuota forma. Skaitant įvairius žurnalistinius straipsnius, stebint šiandieninę visuomenę, pastebimas žmonių pasimetimas tarp daugybės informacijos, pasiūlymų, patarimų, kaip gyventi, kaip mąstyti, ką valgyti ir t.t. Tokiame sraute informacijos žmogus natūraliai pradeda abejoti, ar verta laikytis tradicijų, papročių, ar verta tikėti, pasitikėti. / In theoretical work is analyzed serpent's semantic meaning, his cult in Lithuania, serpent's image in folk art and folklore, also his motifs in contemporary art. The old beliefs and worldview memory is still part of the soul of every Lithuanian. Religion and social structure is changing over the years, many mythical beings and symbols remain transformed forms.Reading journalistic articles, monitoring today's society is noticeable human’s confusion in a lot of kinds of information, suggestions and tips how to live, how to think, what to eat and so on. I With these leather wall composition I am trying to show certain direction, which helps to bring back faith in certain values, which do not sacrifice your beliefs and remain confident.

No description available.

Bakalauro darbą sudaro teorinis aprašas ir kūrybinė dalis: du aksesuarų komplektai vyriškam ir moteriškam dviračiams, projektinė dalis bei verslo planas.
Teoriniame darbe pateikama susisteminta medžiaga nuo pirmojo dviračio eskizo, vystymosi raidos, aksesuarų klasifikacijos iki šiuolaikinių dizainerių darbų. Miesto dviračių odinių aksesuarų kolekcija „Eime pasivažinėti“ simbolizuoja patogią kelionę šia transporto priemone ir ragina mus visus naudotis dviračiais. Aksesuarai skirti jaunam, veržliam šių dienų žmogui, kuris nori kuo labiau palengvinti savo keliones į darbą ar susitikimus su draugais. Krepšiai yra lengvai nusegami nuo dviračio ir papildomų rankenėlių pagalba gali būti nešiojami kaip kasdieninės rankinės. Į odinius krepšius telpa nešiojamasis kompiuteris, dokumentai, o į smulkesniuosius – mobilūs, piniginės ir kt. / Bachelor thesis is divided into 2 parts: theoretical and practical. The latter consists of 2 accessories sets for male and female bicycles, project part and a business plan. Systematized material from first bicycle sketch, later progress, accessories classification to nowadays-designers works is given in the theoretical part. Leather accessories collection for city bicycles “Let’s go for a ride” symbolizes a comfortable trip and encourages all of us to use this mean of transportation. The accessories are for impetuous nowadays people who want to make their trip to work or gatherings with friends easier. Bags are easily detachable and with the help of extra straps can be worn as ordinary bags. Bigger bags will fit a laptop, files in whereas smaller ones are suitable for mobiles phones or wallets.

This thesis seeks to explain the development and implementation of a new model, methods and process of practice required for the rejuvenation of hand crafted woolfelted textile making customs and practices of the Anatolian region of Turkey, which mediates tradition in a contemporary context. In progressing the aims of the research project underpinning the thesis it was necessary to undertake both field work, learning the felt makers' practices, and to undertake empirical design-based product trials which provided insights into the culture and creative potential of the felt making activity thus facilitating the development of the new model of practice. Therefore the thesis examines not only the nature and context, both historical and contemporary, of felt makers and felt making practice in Anatolia but also presents ethnographic and theoretical discourse intended to argue and justify the approaches adopted in the development of the new model of practice and a verification process of its effectiveness. The thesis interrelates strands of changing contexts; research record and theory discourse and argues that the new model of practice enables sustainability and displays ethical responsibility appropriate to, and commensurate with, the felt making culture of Anatolia and its traditions. The thesis argues by demonstration that the perception of an object is determined by location and level of consciousness, which can be reflected upon and, through redesign involving aggregation of qualities and values, purposefully represent an object and recreate its lost aura's root from tradition, transposed into a new diversity of perceptual responses. The thesis concludes that mediatory actions implicit in the new model of practice need not adversely impact upon the traditional culture of the makers in terms of lifestyle choices, since reciprocal exchange is a local transaction, which proffers evolving tradition as cultural values to a diversity of external locations and levels of consciousness. This open-ended mediatory action of anonymous hybridisations will continue by the intervention of other designers through evolutionary integration to elevate the status of the culture object and its related craft activity.

Magistro darbo objektas - netradicinių, rankų darbo įrišimo knygų-objektų grupė „City Book“, kuria siekiama plėtoti senąsias knygų įrišimo technikas, paskatinti šiuolaikinius, nuo skaitmeninių technologijų vis labiau priklausomus žmones, prisiminti jau primirštą knygą ir skaitymą, kaip dvasinį ir kultūros paveldo šaltinį. Magistro darbą sudaro dvi: teorinė ir praktinė dalys. Pirmajame skyriuje pateikiama susisteminta rašto atsiradimo ir vystymosi chronologija. Aprašoma knygos raida. Nagrinėjamas knygos statusas šiuolaikinėje skaitmeninėje eroje. Antrajame skyriuje pateikiama glausta knygrišybos istorinė apžvalga. Analizuojama knygų įrišimo raida ir metodai. Plačiau aprašomas itališkasis knygų įrišimo būdas. Pateikiama knygrišystės vystymosi istorija Lietuvoje. Trečiame darbo skyriuje pateikiamos lietuvių ir užsienio menininkų kūrybinės interpretacijos knygos-objekto tema. Analizuojami šiuolaikinių dizainerių darbai, vizualiai atspindintys pasirinktą tematiką. Ketvirtajame skyriuje pateikiama anketinė apklausa, kuria siekiama išsiaiškinti šiuolaikinio žmogaus požiūrį į klasikinę ir skaitmeninę knygas, bei skaitymą. Penktame skyriuje pateikiama kolekcijos koncepcijos analizė, pristatomos netradicinės knygų grupės-objekto meninio ir technologinio sprendimo paieškos, projektavimo etapai, galutiniai projektai, vykdymo eiga. Teorinėje darbo dalyje naudojami metodai: teorinės studijos, mokslinės literatūros sisteminė ir lyginamoji analizė, analogų paieška ir tyrimai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The subject of the master’s thesis is the ”City Book”, a group of non-traditional handbound books-objects, which aims to develop the old bookbinding techniques, encourage modern people increasingly dependent on digital technology to remember forgotten books and reading as a spiritual and cultural resource of heritage. The master’s paper consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. The first chapter provides a systematic chronology of script occurrence and its development. It describes the development of the book. Also the status of the book in today’s digital era is discussed. The second chapter provides a brief historical overview of bookbinding. It analyzes the evolution and methods of bookbinding. The Italian method of bookbinding is described more broadly. The history of the development of bookbinding in Lithuania is also provided. The third chapter presents the creative interpretations of Lithuanian and foreign artists on the topic of the book-object. Works of contemporary designers, visually reflecting the chosen topic, are analyzed. The fourth chapter presents a questionnaire aimed to establish the approach of the modern human to classical and digital books and reading. The fifth chapter provides an analysis of the concept of the collection, presents non-traditional searches of the creative and technology solution of a group of books-object, the design stages, the final projects and the execution speed. The methods used in the theoretical part: theoretical... [to full text]