Esta tese tem como questão central investigar de que forma as propostas de legados apresentadas pelos realizadores dos megaeventos esportivos brasileiros Jogos Pan-Americanos de 2007, Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014 e Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016 respondem aos interesses das políticas públicas. Para tanto, os objetivos consistiram em: a) verificar na história recente de três megaeventos esportivos ações de boas práticas ligadas aos possíveis legados dos seguintes eventos: Copa Mundo/2010 África do Sul, Jogos Sul-Americanos/2010 Medellín/Colômbia e Jogos Olímpicos/2012 Londres / Inglaterra; b) verificar, diante dos legados do evento Jogos Pan-Americanos Rio-2007, como se instituíram as relações entre Governo Federal e o órgão de administração nacional do esporte olímpico brasileiro (COB) na definição das ações do evento; c) verificar em que medida se dão as relações entre o atual Governo Federal e os órgãos de administração nacional do esporte (CBF e COB), responsáveis pela organização da Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014 e pelos Jogos Olímpicos do Rio de Janeiro de 2016, no que tange aos possíveis legados a serem deixados pelos referidos eventos, se eles se aproximam ou se afastam dos encontrados nos Jogos Pan-Americanos Rio-2007. O procedimento metodológico utilizado neste estudo foi realizado em quatro fases: a) revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema; b) levantamento e análise de documentos referentes aos eventos estudados; c) realização de sete entrevistas semiestruturadas, que foram gravadas, transcritas e categorizadas; d) categorização e análise dos documentos e das entrevistas levando em consideração os objetivos propostos na pesquisa. Os resultados demonstraram que as ações de boas práticas ligadas aos possíveis legados dos megaeventos verificados na história recente se posicionam no campo dos legados tangíveis para os Jogos de 2010 e 2012 e intangíveis para a Copa do Mundo de 2010. Quanto à relação entre Governo Federal e COB nas tomadas de decisão, com base nos legados, do Pan de 2007, os dados mostram que o processo se baseou em um planejamento frágil, um modelo de governança inadequado e a assinatura tardia da matriz de responsabilidade do evento. Com relação ao desenvolvimento de legados dos eventos de 2014 e 2016, observamos que o de imagem é que aparece de maneira mais relevante na pesquisa. Finalmente, para responder à questão central da presente pesquisa, chegamos à demonstração de que a base das propostas de legados do Pan de 2007 pouco se aproxima dos interesses das políticas públicas. Já para a Copa do Mundo de 2014 e para os Jogos de 2016, as propostas de legados se direcionam para ações que, se bem-executadas, podem de forma direta ou indireta atender os interesses das políticas públicas. / The objective of this dissertation was to investigate how the proposals for the legacies presented by Brazilian organizers of sports mega-events Pan American Games 2007, FIFA World Cup 2014 and Olympic Games - Rio 2016 meet the interests of public policies. The objectives of this research were: a) to identify actions of good practices linked to possible legacies of three recent sports mega-events: the FIFA World Cup 2010 South Africa, the South American Games/2010 Medellin / Colombia and the Olympic Games/2012 London/England; b) to verify how the relationship between the Federal Government and the Brazilian Olympic Committee (COB) was devised in order to define the necessary actions for the events related to the legacies of the 2007 Pan American Games; c) to identify the relationship between the Federal Government and the private institutions CBF (the Brazilian Confederation of Soccer) and COB - both of them responsible for the organization of the FIFA World Cup 2014 and the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro 2016; d) to identify and verify how close the possible legacies left (or to be left) by the mentioned events are from those found in the Rio 2007 Pan American Games. Methodological procedures were taken in four stages: a) bibliographical review about the topic; b) analysis of documents related to the investigated events; c) seven semi structured interviews, recorded, transcribed and categorized; d) categorization and analysis of documents and interviews based on the proposed objectives. Results demonstrated that the good practices linked to the possible legacies of the referred sports mega-events in recent history are tangible for the 2010 and 2012 Games and intangible for the FIFA World Cup 2010. In terms of the relationship between the Federal Government and COB, based on the legacies of the 2007 Pan-American Games, data demonstrate that the process was based on weak planning, which caused an inadequate model of management, which resulted in the late agreement on the responsibility matrix. In relation to the development of legacies of the sports mega-events of 2014 and 2016, it was observed that the image of Brazil as a great country seems to be the main legacy to be left. Finally, it is important to mention that the response to the central question of this study is that the proposals for the legacies of the 2007 Pan-American Games did not meet the interests of public policies. As for the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, the proposals for the legacies are directed to actions which, if well executed, might directly or indirectly meet interests of public policies.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-27T12:43:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lidianealmeidaniero.pdf: 4502367 bytes, checksum: c5fb38683dccebc545970825e39207e7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-09T12:04:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lidianealmeidaniero.pdf: 4502367 bytes, checksum: c5fb38683dccebc545970825e39207e7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T12:04:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lidianealmeidaniero.pdf: 4502367 bytes, checksum: c5fb38683dccebc545970825e39207e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Na comarca do Rio das Mortes, no século XVIII, a morte era assunto de grande relevância para os católicos e, da boa morte, em grande parte, dependia a salvação da alma. Esta pesquisa mostrará como a Igreja construía e controlava a visão dos fiéis a respeito do processo de saída do mundo terreno e a entrada para o outro mundo, e as representações que davam suporte aos modos de imaginação das realidades sobrenaturais. Tem como objetivo compreender um complexo sistema que definia a estrutura das atitudes diante da morte, elaborado para dar resposta e sentido aos últimos momentos. Espera-se, sobretudo, oferecer indícios das condições cotidianas da vivência espiritual dos testadores. Pretende-se, assim, colaborar para melhor compreensão da religiosidade nas Minas do século XVIII, sobretudo das atitudes, práticas sociais e culturais que fundamentaram as identidades do homem que viveu na comarca, nesse período, e sua relação com o fenômeno da morte e seu valor explicativo. Através de legados espirituais buscar-se-á conhecer um pouco os espaços de vivências sociais e culturais da região. Essa área de investigação revelará relações extremamente intricadas, ligadas a uma religião cristã marcada por um espaço de representação simbólica do Além que dava sentido à existência dos habitantes da Comarca nesse período. / In the region of the Rio das Mortes, in the eighteenth century, death was a matter of great relevance to Catholics, and from good death the salvation of the soul depended largely. This research will show how the Church constructed and controlled the view of the faithful regarding the process of leaving the earthly world and the entrance to the other world, and the representations that supported imagination modes of supernatural realities. Its objective is to understand a complex system that defined the structure of attitudes towards death, designed to give an answer and meaning to the last moments. Above all, it is hoped to offer indications on testers’ daily living conditions. The aim is to contribute to a better understanding of religiosity in the Minas of the eighteenth century, especially the attitudes, social and cultural practices that underpinned man identities who lived in the region, and his relation to the phenomenon of death and its explanatory value. Through spiritual legacies we will seek to know a little the spaces of social and cultural experiences of the region. This area of investigation will reveal extremely intricate relationships linked to a Christian religion marked by a space of Beyond symbolic representation that has given meaning to the existence of the county inhabitants in this period.

Humans have transformed much of the earth’s surface through a wide range of activities of varying intensities and scales, shaping the landscape we see today. The combination of time and complex human-environment interactions within the Hakai Lúxvbálís Conservancy on the Central Coast of British Columbia has resulted in a landscape with many anthropogenically-generated modifications, such as shell middens which can be found at sites with histories of long-term habitation. Globally, shell middens (and in general, habitation sites) have been found to be factors in shaping site ecology. This thesis seeks to investigate this relationship between human activity and occupation and the landscape. The goal of this project is to examine the legacies from past land use, and subsidies from shell middens, within the present-day plant communities. I conducted an observational study to determine if species richness and overall plant communities on these habitation sites differed from sites without a history of intense occupation. To do this I selected ten habitation sites with known extensive shell middens and paired them with ten control sites with similar site conditions (but without the same site history or shell middens). I measured species abundances within 540 1 m x 1 m quadrats. I also surveyed a select group of culturally significant plant species and culturally modified trees within belt transects at each site. Data regarding the water table level and soil and foliar samples were also collected. A variety of environmental factors, along with the site history were evaluated as explanatory variables. Principal component analyses were used to describe how the gradients within the vegetation communities at three vegetation layers (ground, herb, shrub) to see if they respond differently to long-term site use. The habitation sites were found to be characterized by N-rich plant communities, which were significantly different from the plant communities on the control sites at the ground layer, herb layer, and with all layers combined, at both transect distances analysed, but the shrub layer was only significantly different when the entire transect was considered. The results show plant community composition is most strongly influenced by a combination of factors including site type, canopy cover, slope, topography, and distance from shore, with the weight of their importance depending on what vegetation layer is considered. The habitation sites had a lower average species richness at all layers, compared to the control sites, and their plant communities were shown to change differently with distance from the marine shoreline. Habitation sites also differed by having higher soil nutrient content, lower water table levels, and contained culturally important plant species that were absent on the control sites. This research highlights the influence that humans have had on landscapes in this region. This study shows how the patterns within the plant communities at the habitation sites differ from what is expected within the Coastal Western Hemlock zone. The research improves our understanding of the factors influencing vegetation patterns on the Central Coast of British Columbia with this examination of the complex intersection of historical practices and environmental changes. / Graduate

Human land use legacies have significant and long lasting impacts across landscapes. However, investigating the impacts of ancient land use legacies ( > 400 years) remains problematic due to the difficulty in detecting ancient land uses, especially those beneath dense canopies. The city of Caracol, one of the most important Maya archaeological sites in Belize, was abandoned after the collapse of the Maya civilization (ca. A.D. 900), leaving behind numerous structures, causeways, and agricultural terraces that persist beneath the dense tropical forest of western Belize. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology enables detection of below canopy Maya archaeological features, providing an ideal opportunity to study the effects of ancient land use legacies on contemporary tropical forest composition. LiDAR also provided us with a detailed record of the 3-dimensional forest structure over the 200 km2 study area. This allowed the investigation how ancient land uses continue to impact both forest composition, in terms of tree species, and forest structure. I recorded tree species over four land use categories: 1) structures, 2) causeways, 3) terraced, and 4) non-terraced land. Using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) and multiresponse permutation procedures (MRPP) to test for differences between the classes, I found significantly distinct tree communities associated with the presence of terraces and the underlying topography. Terraced slopes appear to function as micro-valleys on the side of a hill, creating an environmental "bridge" between slope and valley tree communities. Tree species composition over causeways and structures was also found to be significantly different from terraced and non-terraced plots. Forest structure was assessed by extracting LiDAR points for terraced (n=150) and nonterraced (n=150) 0.25 ha plots. I calculated average canopy height, canopy closure, and vertical diversity from the height bins of the LiDAR points, using slope, elevation, and aspect as covariates. Using PerMANOVA I determined that forest structure over terraces was significantly different from non-terraced land. Terraces appear to mediate the effect of slope, resulting in less structural variation between slope and non-sloped land. These results led to the conclusion that human land uses abandoned >1000 years ago continue to impact the contemporary forests.

Elections are a democratic process intended to create peaceful and legitimate transfers of power. However, since the second and third waves of democratisation, policymakers and researchers have observed that electoral processes are transformed into arenas for political gain through violence. To counteract this destructive phenomenon, research needs to uncover why, where, how, by or on whom electoral violence occurs. A common denominator for countries that face election violence is colonial legacies. Therefore, this study attempts to explain the occurrence of electoral violence in postcolonial states through variance in colonial governance type, as they produce diverging societal aspects that can create conditions for electoral violence. The study applies an established theoretical framework from postcolonial theory on a regression testing the effect of indirect colonial rule, contra direct colonial rule on the occurrence of electoral violence. The regression results support the theory until colonial rulers and geographical location are controlled for, ultimately going against the proposed theory. However, the multivariate regression models are statistically insignificant, which makes the result of the study inconclusive. Robustness tests support the inconclusive result of the primary model and indicate the importance of segregating electoral violence based on perpetrator.

As European colonialism was the dominant system of long-distance governance and resource appropriation for centuries, its economic legacies are diverse albeit understated. The existing research looks mainly at the effects of colonialism on a former colony's internal development. This study broadens that scope, looking at which factors are correlated with the presence or absence of a trade agreement with the European Union as well as the number of restrictions to free trade within them. This was carried out through four large-n regressions. The first compared current former- and non-colony trading partners. The second narrowed the scope by comparing only former colonies. The third measured the number of restrictions among all current European Union trade agreements. The fourth measured trade restrictions among former colonies. The results are that various identity, developmental and intuitional variables are correlated with the existence of trade deals and the number of restrictions they contain.

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No description available.

The business environment of the 21st century is rapidly changing. Customers demand are diversifying, governments enforce stricter environmental regulations and start-ups are entering with disruptive business models. Traditional industrial organisations need to adapt to compete on a market revolving around time-to-market actions. One solution for this is to do an agile transformation. This thesis investigates the agile transformation process of traditional organisations through a case study. The objective is to identify find the main success drivers and key challenges in stated transformation. The research was designed to do a qualitative, interview based case study in the automotive and aerospace industries involving four companies from an interpretivistic paradigm. In addition, two companies from insurance and banking and four agile coaches were also part of the case study to establish generalisability. The theoretical and empirical findings succeed to find three main success drivers: management support, identifying the “Why?” and “How?”, and three key challenges: structural legacies, cultural legacies and configuration of transformation process. Additionally, it was found that current transformations in the selected industries are diverging from change management theories, which emphasises a greater focus on changing mindset, behaviour and culture. Finally, the study contributes with actions as to help companies pursuing agile transformation as well identifying a continuous need for research of agile methods in non-software environments. / Marknaden har under 2000-talet ändrats snabbt. Kunders krav på produkter ökar, statliga miljöregleringar träder i kraft och start-ups går in med disruptiva affärsmodeller. I detta läge behöver traditionella industribolag anpassa för att kunna konkurrera på den nya marknaden som kräver en kortare tid till marknaden. En lösning på detta problem är en agil transformation. Den här uppsatsen undersöker de agila transformationsprocesserna genom en fallstudie. Målsättningen är att identifiera de huvudsakliga framgångsfaktorer samt utmaningar som återfinns i nämnda transformationer. Forskningen designades genom en kvalitativ intervjufallstudie hos fyra företag inom vägfordons- och flygplansindustrin från ett interpretivistiskt forskningsparadigm. Vidare deltog två företag från försäkring och bank samt fyra agila coacher för att kunna etablera generaliserbarhet. De teoretiska och empiriska ramverken lyckades hitta tre stycken framgångsfaktorer: ledarstöd, identifierandet and “Varför?” samt ”Hur?”, samt tre primära utmaningar: strukturella och kulturella arv samt konfigurationen av transformationsprocessen. Vidare fann studien att de nuvarande transformationerna som finns i valda branscher divergerar från förändringsledningsteorierna, som i sin tur betonar ett större fokus på förändring av mindset, beteende och kultur. Slutligen bidrar denna studie med föreslagna åtgärder som hjälper företag som genomgår en transformation och identifierar ett fortsatt behov av att forska kring användandet av agila metoder in icke-mjukvaruområden.

Porto Alegre foi uma das doze cidades-sedes da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014. À época da sua candidatura e durante o preparo do evento, muito se divulgou acerca dos prováveis legados que a realização deste megaevento deixaria como retorno à cidade e seus habitantes. Diante disso, passados dois anos do fim da Copa, quisemos avaliar e descrever quais foram os principais impactos que sediar a Copa do Mundo deixou à Porto Alegre e seus (suas) habitantes no âmbito socioeconômico. Para cumprir com tal objetivo, fizemos um estudo de caso com enfoque qualitativo cuja coleta de dados deu-se através de pesquisa documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas, observações e registros de campo. Para compreender como se dá a realização de um megaevento, fizemos um histórico de como os megaeventos surgiram, se desenvolveram e se firmaram partindo de sua base esportiva e de sua base dentro da sociedade capitalista e globalizada. Também refizemos o caminho histórico percorrido pelas cidades em busca da reestruturação urbana – propiciada pelos megaeventos. Ao analisar os dados, elencamos duas categorias relacionadas ao âmbito social (reestruturação urbana e política/legislação) as quais subdividiram-se em: moradia e especulação imobiliária, garantias à FIFA e legislação, mobilidade urbana e segurança e violência. Percebemos que as obras de mobilidade privilegiaram veículos motorizados individuais e interesses de empreiteiras. As remoções realizadas em nome da Copa do Mundo são (ainda) um ponto de resistência de inúmeras famílias e comunidades – as quais não suportam mais a violação ao seu direto de moradia. A polícia comprou inúmeras armas e munições para conseguir proteger a Copa – e não as pessoas. Com relação à legislação, criou-se no Brasil um estado de exceção, sob qual a FIFA e seus interesses foram soberanos. O dinheiro utilizado para as obras da Copa teve sua origem no fundo público, ao contrário do prometido inicialmente. O custo final apresentou uma redução em relação ao custo inicial, porém isso deveu-se apenas à retirada de inúmeras obras (de mobilidade, na maioria) que não ficariam prontas dentro do prazo. Tivemos a FIFA, as grandes empreiteiras, políticos e a iniciativa privada como vencedores da Copa – e o legado à população de Porto Alegre ficou esquecido diante de tantos processos de corrupção e lavagem de dinheiro que os grandes ligados à Copa se envolveram. / Porto Alegre was one of the twelve host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. At the time of its candidacy and during the preparation of the event, much was announced about the probable legacies that the accomplishment of this mega event would leave as a return to the city and its inhabitants. In view of this, two years after the end of the World Cup, we wanted to evaluate and describe the main impacts that hosting the World Cup left to Porto Alegre and its inhabitants in the socioeconomic context. To accomplish this goal, we conducted a case study with a qualitative approach which data collection took place through documentary research, semi-structured interviews, observations and field records. To understand how a mega event takes place, we made a history of how megaevents have emerged, developed and established themselves in sports within the capitalist and globalized society. Also, we make the historic path taken by cities in search of urban restructuring - propitiated by mega-events. In analyzing the data, we have listed two categories related to social scope (urban restructuring and politics / legislation) which were subdivided into: housing and real estate speculation, guarantees to FIFA and legislation, urban mobility and security and violence. It becomes evident that the mobility projects favored individual motor vehicles and the contractors. The removals made in the name of the World Cup are (still) a point of resistance of countless families and communities - which no longer support the violation of their housing right. The police bought numerous weapons and ammunition to protect the World Cup event- not the people. With regard to legislation, a state of exception was created in Brazil, under which FIFA and its interests were sovereign. The money used for the infrastructure works of the Cup had its origin in the public fund, contrary to the one promised initially. The final cost was reduced compared to the initial cost, but this was only due to the withdrawal of numerous infrastructure works (mostly for mobility) that would not be ready on time. We had FIFA, big contractors, politicians and private initiative as winners of the World Cup - and the legacy of the population of Porto Alegre was forgotten in face of so many corruption and money laundering scandals that the big Cup entrants got involved.