Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Spanish and Portuguese, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-87).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FilipeSO_DISSERT.pdf: 3900853 bytes, checksum: b933d50c7767f35ccf84d3eb5899b023 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-23 / Novel cementing materials formulations containing flexible polymeric admixtures have been studied aiming at improving the mechanical behavior of oil well cement slurries submitted to steam injection. However, research activities in this sector are still under development. The steam injected directly into the well causes casing dilation, which after a reduction in temperature, tends to return to its original dimensions, resulting in crack formation and hydraulic isolation loss of the well, which will result in shortening of well life. In this scenario, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the mechanical behavior of Portland-based slurries containing SBR latex, applied in oil well cementing of wells submitted to steam injection. Were formulated slurries with densities of 1.797 g/cm3 (15.0 lb/Gal) and 1.869 g/cm3 (15.6 lb/Gal), containing admixtures with a latex concentration of 0; 66.88; 133.76; 200.64 and 267.52 L/m3 (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 gpc). Tests including rheology, fluid loss control, thickening time, API compressive strength and splitting tensile strength, beyond steam injection simulation. Microstrutural characteristics of the slurries were also performed (XRD, TG, FTIR and SEM). The results showed that increasing the polymer concentration increased in the rheological properties and fluid loss, and a decrease in the elasticity modulus of the cement slurries. The results obtained showed that the slurries can be applied in cementing operations of oil wells submitted to steam injection. / Novas formula??es de pastas de cimento, aditivadas com materiais polim?ricos com caracter?sticas flex?veis, t?m sido estudadas para aplica??o em po?os sujeitos a inje??o de vapor. Entretanto, pesquisas neste setor ainda s?o atividades em desenvolvimento. O vapor injetado diretamente no po?o provoca a dilata??o do revestimento, o que ap?s redu??o na temperatura, tende a voltar as suas dimens?es iniciais, provocando forma??o de trincas e conseq?ente perda do isolamento hidr?ulico do po?o, que resultar? no encurtamento do tempo de sua vida ?til. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o comportamento mec?nico de sistemas de pastas de cimento Portland, aditivadas com l?tex SBR, para cimenta??o de po?os de petr?leo sujeitos a inje??o de vapor. Foram formuladas pastas com densidades de 1,797 g/cm3 (15,0 lb/Gal) e 1,869 g/cm3 (15,6 lb/Gal), aditivadas com concentra??o de 0; 66,88; 133,76; 200,64 e 267,52 L/m3 (0, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5 e 2,0 gpc) de l?tex. Foram realizados ensaios de reologia, controle de filtrado, tempo de espessamento, resist?ncia ? compress?o API e tra??o por compress?o diametral, al?m de simula??es de inje??o de vapor. Tamb?m foram realizadas caracteriza??es microestruturais das pastas de cimento (DRX, TG, FTIR e MEV). Os resultados mostraram que com o aumento da concentra??o do pol?mero ocorreram mudan?as nas propriedades reol?gicas e no volume de filtrado, al?m de uma diminui??o do m?dulo de elasticidade das pastas de cimento. A partir dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que as pastas podem ser aplicadas em opera??es de cimenta??o de po?os de petr?leo sujeitos a inje??o de vapor.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndrezaKC.pdf: 2477387 bytes, checksum: 5eafbea5e547e68eaf6513cad9b400ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Primary cementing is one of the main operations in well drilling responsible for the mechanical stability and zonal isolation during the production of oil. However, the cement sheath is constantly under mechanical stresses and temperature variations caused by the recovery of heavy oil. In order to minimize fracture and wear of the cement sheath, new admixtures are developed to improve the properties of Portland cement slurries and avoid environmental contamination caused by leaking gas and oil. Polymers with the ability to form polymeric films are candidates to improve the properties of hardened cement slurries, especially their fracture energy. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of the addition of a chitosan suspension on cement slurries in order to improve the properties of the cement and increase its performance on heavy oil recovery. Chitosan was dissolved in acetic ac id (0.25 M and 2 M) and added to the formulation of the slurries in different concentrations. SEM analyses confirmed the formation of polymeric films in the cementitious matrix. Strength tests showed higher fracture energy compared to slurries without the addition of chitosan. The formation of the polymeric films also reduced the permeability of the slurry. Therefore, chitosan suspensions can be potentially used as cementing admixtures for heavy oil well applications / A cimenta??o prim?ria ? uma das principais opera??es na perfura??o do po?o de petr?leo. A fixa??o do revestimento e o isolamento zonal garantir? seguran?a e diminui??o dos custos na fase de produ??o de ?leo. No entanto, ? constante a ocorr?ncia de problemas na bainha ciment?cia devido a esfor?os mec?nicos e a varia??o de temperatura, causada pela recupera??o de ?leos pesados. Visando minimizar as fraturas e desgaste da bainha, novas adi??es est?o sendo desenvolvidas para melhorar as propriedades do cimento Portland e evitar a contamina??o ambiental decorrente de vazamento de g?s e ?leo pelo anular. Pol?meros com a capacidade de formar filmes polim?ricos s?o op??es de adi??es, pois a poss?vel forma??o da teia polim?rica na matriz ciment?cia melhora as propriedades e a energia de fratura da pasta. O presente trabalho, tem como objetivo adicionar ?s pastas ciment?cias suspens?o de quitosana para melhorar as propriedades da pasta ciment?cia e aumentar seu desempenho em opera??es de recupera??o de ?leo pesado. A quitosana foi dilu?da em ?cido ac?tico (0,25 M e 2 M) e adicionada na formula??o das pastas em diferentes concentra??es. A an?lise do MEV confirmou a forma??o de redes polim?ricas na matriz ciment?cia e os testes deresist?ncia mec?nica comprovaram uma energia de fratura elevada em rela??o ? pasta sem adi??o do pol?mero. A forma??o da teia polim?rica tamb?m reduziu a permeabilidade da pasta. Com isso, a suspens?o de quitosana torna-se uma solu??o polim?rica com potencial para ser aplicado em cimenta??o de po?os de petr?leo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DiegoBR_DISSERT.pdf: 2561284 bytes, checksum: 728dce6008fc70c37faa4759ea2eba6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Nowadays, the search for new technologies that are able to follow the upcoming challenges in oil industry is a constant. Always trying properties improvements of the used materials, looking for the best performance and greater life time. Besides the search for technologies that show an improvement of performance, the search for materials environmentally correct along the whole production process. In Oil well cementing, this search for new technologies passes through the development of slurry systems that support these requests and that are also environmentally friendly. In this context, the use of geopolymer slurries is a great alternative route to cementing oil wells. Besides having good properties, comparable to Portland cement slurries, this alternative material releases much less CO2 gas in the production of their root materials when compared the production of Portland cement, which releases tons of CO2. In order to improve the properties of geopolymer slurries has been added Calcium Oxide, as observed in other studies that slurries where the Calcium is present the values of compressive strength is greater. The addition has been realized based in the CaO/SiO2 molar ratio of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15. Have been performed compressive strength tests, thickening time, rheology and fliud loss control test of the slurries, following NBR 9831, as well as the physical chemical characterization of XRD, SEM and TG. Has been observed in most of the tests the slurries follow a tendency until the ratio of 0.10, which inverses in the ratio 0.15. This behavior can be explained by two phenomena that occur simultaneously, the first one is the break of the polymer chains and a consequent increase in molucules mobility, which prevails until the ratio of 0.1, and the second is possible approach of the chains due to the capacity of the calcium ions stabilize the charges of two different aluminum. There is only one linearity in the mechanical behavior that can be attributed to the appereance of the C-S-H phase. Based on this, it is concluded that the phenomenon of breaking the polymer chains predominates until the ratio of 0.1, causing an increase of the filtrate volume, lower rheological parameters and increasing thickening time. From the ratio of 0.15 the approach of the chains predominates, and the behavior is reversed / Nos dias atuais a busca por novas tecnologias que possam acompanhar os desafios que surgem dia a dia na ind?stria do petr?leo ? constante, sempre tentando melhorar as propriedades dos materiais que s?o utilizados, buscando o melhor desempenho e maior vida ?til. Al?m de buscar novas tecnologias ? de fundamental import?ncia o desempenho dos materiais e que estes sejam ambientalmente corretos. No ramo da cimenta??o de po?os de petr?leo, essa procura por novas tecnologias passa pelo desenvolvimento de sistemas de pastas que suportem as solicita??es requeridas pelas normas internacionais e nacionais para esse setor. Nesse contexto, lan?a o desafio de se produzir novos sistemas de pastas para o revestimento de po?os petrol?feros, sejam eles para po?os on shore ou off shore. As pastas geopolim?ricas apresentam-se como uma boa alternativa para a cimenta??o de po?os de petr?leo, pois alem de possuir boas propriedades, compar?veis as pastas de cimento Portland, esse material libera muito menos CO2 na produ??o das suas meterias primas quando comparados ? produ??o do cimento Portland. Com o intu?do de melhorar as propriedades das pastas geopolim?ricas foi adicionado o ?xido de c?lcio, pois foi observado em outros trabalhos que pastas onde o c?lcio esta presente os valores de resist?ncia a compress?o s?o maiores. A adi??o foi realizada baseada na raz?o molar CaO/SiO2 de 0,05, 0,10 e 0,15, foram realizados ensaios de resist?ncia a compress?o, tempo de espessamento, reologia e filtrado das pastas seguindo a NBR 9831, bem como as caracteriza??es f?sico qu?micas de DRX, MEV, TG. Foi observado que na maioria dos ensaios as pastas seguem uma tend?ncia ate a raz?o de 0,10 que se inverte na raz?o de 0,15. Esse comportamento pode ser explicado por dois fen?menos que ocorrem simultaneamente: o primeiro ? a quebra das cadeias polim?ricas com um conseq?ente aumento da mobilidade das mol?culas, que prevalece ate a raz?o de 0,1, e o segundo ? a poss?vel aproxima??o das cadeias devido a capacidade do ?on c?lcio estabilizar as cargas de dois alum?nios diferentes. Existe apenas a linearidade no comportamento mec?nico que pode ser atribu?do ao aparecimento da fase C-S-H. Com base nisso pode se concluir que o fen?meno de quebra das cadeias polim?ricas predomina at? a raz?o de 0,1, provocando o aumento no volume de filtrado, diminui??o dos par?metros reol?gicos e aumento do tempo de espessamento. A partir da raz?o 0,15 a aproxima??o das cadeias predomina e assim o comportamento se inverte

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoLSC_DISSERT.pdf: 3848053 bytes, checksum: 28828821b0f45645fb6dc741dc2505bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-28 / One of the great challenges at present time related with the materials area concerns of products and processes for use in petroleum industry, more precisely related to the Pre-salt area. Progresses were reached in the last years allowing the drilling of the salt layer, with the time reduction for drilling and larger success at the end. For the oil wells companies the preponderant factor is the technology, however, in spite of the progress, a series of challenges is still susceptible to solutions and one of them refers to the slurries preparation for cementing in those areas. Inside of this context, this study had for objective to analyze the influence of the salts NaCl, KCl, CaSO4 and MgSO4 in strength and chemical structure of the hydrated products. As methodology, they were prepared and analyzed cement slurries with varied concentrations of these salts that are commonly found in the saline formations. The salts concentrations used in formulations of the slurries were of 5%, 15% and 30%. The slurries were formulated with specific weight of 15,8 lb / gal and the cement used was Class G. Strength tests were accomplished in samples cured by 24 hours and 28 days. Also were realized crystallographic characterization (XRD) and morphologic (SEM). In agreement with the presented results, it is observed that the largest resistance values are attributed to the slurries with concentration of 15%. There was reduction of the strength values of the slurries formulated with concentration of 30%. Through the characterization microstructural it was possible to note the salts influence in the main cement hydrated products / Um dos grandes desafios da atualidade relacionado com a ?rea de materiais diz respeito ? produ??o de produtos e processos para uso na ind?stria do petr?leo, mais precisamente relacionado ? ?rea do Pr?-sal. Avan?os foram alcan?ados nos ?ltimos anos permitindo a perfura??o da camada de sal, com a redu??o do tempo para perfura??o dos po?os e maior ?xito ao final da opera??o. Apesar dos avan?os, uma s?rie de desafios ainda ? pass?vel de solu??es e um deles refere-se ? prepara??o de pastas para a cimenta??o de po?os nessas zonas com camadas evapor?ticas. Dentro deste contexto, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a influ?ncia dos sais NaCl, KCl, CaSO4 e MgSO4 no comportamento mec?nico e estrutura qu?mica dos produtos hidratados. Como metodologia, foram preparadas e analisadas pastas de cimento com concentra??es variadas destes sais que s?o comumente encontrados nas forma??es salinas do reservat?rio do Pr?-sal. As concentra??es dos sais empregadas nas formula??es das pastas foram de 5%, 15% e 30%. As pastas foram formuladas com peso espec?fico de 15,8 lb/gal e o cimento utilizado na prepara??o das pastas foi o do tipo Portland Classe G. Foram realizados ensaios de resist?ncia ? compress?o em corpos de prova curados por 24 horas e 28 dias. Tamb?m foram realizados ensaios de caracteriza??o cristalogr?fica (DRX) e morfol?gica (MEV). De acordo com os resultados apresentados, observa-se que os maiores valores de resist?ncia s?o atribu?dos ?s pastas com concentra??o de 15 % para todos os sais. Houve, tamb?m, redu??o dos valores de resist?ncia das pastas formuladas com concentra??o de 30 % para todos os sais. Atrav?s das an?lises de caracteriza??o micro estrutural foi poss?vel observar a influ?ncia dos sais nos principais produtos hidratados do cimento Portland

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EricaNMGP_TESE.pdf: 149123 bytes, checksum: d13a2a775b94d69d52d9e403106d2117 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 / The development of activities the of oil and gas sector have promoted the search for suitable materials for cementing oil wells. In the state of the Rio Grande do Norte, the integrity of the cement sheath tends to be impaired during steam injection, a procedure necessary to increase oil recovery in reservoirs with low-viscosity oil. The geopolymer is a material that can be used as alternative cement, since it has been used in the production of fire-resistant components, building structures, and for the control of toxic or radioactive residues. Geopolymers result from condensation polymer alkali aluminosilicates and silicates resulting three-dimensional polymeric structures. They are produced in a manner different from that of Portland cement, which is made an activating solution that is mixed with geopolymer precursor. Among the few works studied allowed us to conclude that the pastes prepared with metakaolin as precursor showed better performance of its properties. Several studies show the addition of waste clay as a means of reducing cost and improving end of the folder properties. On this basis, the goal is to study the influence of the addition of ceramic waste in geopolymer paste. To develop the study of rheology tests were carried out, filtered, thickening time, compressive strength, free water, specific gravity and permeability, according to the American Pretoleum Institute (API). The results for all formulations studied show that the folders have high mechanical strength to a light paste; low filtrate volume, absence of free water, very low permeability, slurry, consistent with a light paste, and thickening time low that can be corrected with the use of a retardant handle. For morphological characterization, microstructural, physical, chemical and thermal tests were carried out by XRD, MEV, DTA, TG, FTIR. In the trial of XRD, it was found that geopolymer is an amorphous material, with a peak of crystalline kaolinite. In tests of TG / DTA, revealed the presence of a significant event, which represents the mass loss related to water, and also observed the reduction of weight loss by increasing the concentration of ceramic waste. In the trial of MEV, we found a uniform matrix without the presence of other phases. In the trial of FT-IR, we observed the presence of the band related to water. From all results it was determined that the optimum concentration range of use is between 2.5 and 5% of waste ceramic / O desenvolvimento das atividades do setor de petr?leo e g?s tem promovido a busca de materiais mais adequados para cimenta??o de po?os de petr?leo. No estado do RN, a integridade da bainha cimentante tende a ser prejudicada durante a inje??o de vapor, procedimento necess?rio para aumentar a recupera??o do petr?leo em reservat?rios com ?leo de alta viscosidade. O geopol?mero ? um material que pode ser utilizado como cimento alternativo, uma vez que vem sendo empregado na produ??o de componentes resistentes ao fogo, na constru??o de estruturas, e para o controle de res?duos t?xicos ou radioativos. Geopol?meros resultam da condensa??o polim?rica de aluminosilicatos e silicatos alcalinos originando estruturas polim?ricas tridimensionais. S?o produzidos de uma maneira distinta daquela do cimento Portland, onde ? feita uma solu??o ativadora que ? misturada ao precurssor geopolim?rico. Dentre os trabalhos estudados, alguns permitiram-nos concluir que as pastas preparadas com metacaulim como precursor apresentaram melhor desempenho de suas propriedades. V?rios estudos apresentam a adi??o de res?duos argilosos como forma de redu??o do custo final e melhoria das propriedades da pasta. Com base nisso, o objetivo do trabalho ? estudar a influ?ncia da adi??o de rejeito cer?mico em pastas geopolim?ricas. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo foram realizados testes de reologia, filtrado, tempo de espessamento, resist?ncia ? compress?o, ?gua livre, peso espec?fico e permeabilidade, de acordo com o American Pretoleum Institute (API). Os resultados encontrados para todas as formula??es demonstram que as pastas estudadas apresentam resist?ncia mec?nica elevada para uma pasta leve; volume de filtrado baixo; aus?ncia de ?gua livre; permeabilidade muito baixa; pasta flu?da, coerente com uma pasta leve; e tempo de espessamento baixo, que pode ser corrigido com a utiliza??o de um retardador de pega. Para caracteriza??o morfol?gica, microestrutural, f?sico-qu?mica, qu?mica e t?rmica, foram realizadas caracteriza??es por DRX, MEV, DTA, TG, FT-IR. No ensaio de DRX, verificou-se que o geopol?mero ? um material amorfo, com um pico cristalino de caulinita. Nos testes de TG/DTA, foi observado a presen?a de um evento significativo, que representa a perda de massa referente a ?gua, sendo observado tamb?m a redu??o da perda de massa com o aumento da concentra??o de rejeito cer?mico. No ensaio de MEV, encontrou-se uma matriz uniforme e nos espectros de FT-IR, observou-se a presen?a da banda referente ? ?gua. A partir de todos os resultados foi poss?vel determinar que a faixa de concentra??o ?tima de rejeito cer?mico para uso em pastas geopolim?ricas ? entre 2,5 e 5 %

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ManoelIQJ_DISSERT.pdf: 1658589 bytes, checksum: 30023fa8ec2e11231777b5b0249ad3cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The oil wells cementing is a critical step during the phase of well drilling, because problems during the operation of slurry pumping and an incomplete filling of the annular space between the metal casing and the formation can cause the slurry loss. Therefore, the slurry adopted in primary cementing an oil well must be properly dosed so that these problems are avoided during its pumping. When you drill a well in a weak rock formation requires even more careful, because should be a limit of hydrostatic pressure exerted during cementation, that does not occur rock collapse. With the objective of performing the cementing of a well whose formation is weak or unconsolidated are employed lighter slurries. Thus, this study used slurries with sodium silicate and nano silica in concentrations of 0,1; 0,4; 0,7 e 1,0 gpc, in which the slurries with nano silica showed the rheological parameters higher concentrations of up to 0.7 gpc and for concentration of 1.0 the slurry with sodium silicate obtained the highest values, remaining above the limits for application in fields, mainly wells with low fracture gradient, because a significant increase in viscosity may result in an increase in pressure pumping in operations of secondary cementations. Furthermore, there was no decrease in strength with increasing concentration of additive. Then, it is possible use of these additives to formulate Lighter slurry / A cimenta??o de po?os de petr?leo ? uma das etapas mais criticas durante a fase de perfura??o de um po?o, pois problemas durante a opera??o de bombeio da pasta e um preenchimento incompleto do espa?o anular, entre o revestimento e a parede do po?o, podem causar a perda do mesmo. Portanto, a pasta adotada na cimenta??o prim?ria de um po?o de petr?leo deve ser calculada adequadamente para que sejam evitados estes problemas durante seu bombeamento. Ao se perfurar um po?o em uma forma??o rochosa fraca requer-se, ainda, mais cuidado, pois, em geral, deve existir um limite de press?o hidrost?tica exercida durante a cimenta??o, para que n?o haja o colapso da forma??o. Com o objetivo de se realizar a cimenta??o de um po?o cuja forma??o ? fraca ou inconsolidada s?o empregadas pastas leves. Desta forma, neste trabalho foram utilizadas pastas com silicato de s?dio e nano s?lica em concentra??es de 0,1; 0,4; 0,7 e 1,0 gpc, onde as pastas com nano s?lica apresentaram os par?metros reol?gicos superiores at? a concentra??o de 0,7 gpc e para a concentra??o de 1,0 gpc a pasta com silicato de s?dio obteve os maiores valores, ficando acima dos limites estabelecidos para aplica??o em campos, principalmente em po?os com baixo gradiente de fratura, pois o aumento significativo da viscosidade pode resultar no incremento da press?o de bombeio em opera??es de recimenta??o. Al?m disto, n?o foi observado em decr?scimo de resist?ncia mec?nica com aumento de concentra??o dos aditivos. Sendo poss?vel utiliza??o destes aditivos para formula??o de pastas leves

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdneyRVPG.pdf: 3193441 bytes, checksum: 9108a5643f51fcfe4a8b7479be215c58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-18 / Currently a resource more and more used by the petroleum industry to increase the efficiency of steam flood mechanism is the addition of solvents. The process can be understood as a combination of a thermal method (steam injection) with a miscible method (solvent injection), promoting, thus, the reduction of interfacial tensions and oil viscosity. The use of solvent alone tends to be limited because of its high cost. When co-injected with steam, the vaporized solvent condenses in the cooler regions of the reservoir and mixes with the oil, creating a zone of low viscosity between the steam and the heavy oil. The mobility of the displaced fluid is then improved, resulting in an increase of oil recovery. To better understand this improved oil recovery method, a numerical study of the process was done contemplating the effects of some operational parameters (distance between wells, injection steam rate, kind of solvent and injected solvent volume)on the accumulated production of oil, recovery factor and oil-steam rate. Semisynthetic models were used in this study but reservoir data can be extrapolated for practical applications situations on Potiguar Basin. Simulations were performed in STARS (CMG, 2007.11). It was found that injected solvent volumes increased oil recovery and oil rates. Further the majority of the injected solvent was produced and can be recycled / Um recurso cada vez mais utilizado pela ind?stria petrol?fera para aumentar a efici?ncia do mecanismo de inje??o de vapor ? a adi??o de solventes. O processo pode ser compreendido como a combina??o de um m?todo t?rmico (inje??o de vapor) com um m?todo misc?vel (inje??o de solvente), promovendo, dessa forma, a redu??o das tens?es interfaciais e da viscosidade do ?leo. O uso do solvente sozinho tende a ser limitado, em fun??o do seu alto custo. Quando coinjetado com o vapor, o solvente vaporizado condensa nas regi?es menos quentes do reservat?rio e mistura-se ao ?leo, criando uma zona de baixa viscosidade entre o vapor e o ?leo pesado. A mobilidade do fluido deslocado ? ent?o melhorada, implicando num aumento do fator de recupera??o. Para melhor compreender esse mecanismo de recupera??o avan?ada, foi realizado um estudo num?rico, onde se verificou a sensibilidade de alguns par?metros operacionais (dist?ncia entre po?os, vaz?o de inje??o de vapor, tipo de solvente injetado e quantidade de solvente) sobre a produ??o acumulada de ?leo, o fator de recupera??o e a raz?o ?leo-vapor. Neste estudo, foram utilizados modelos semi-sint?ticos, por?m com dados de reservat?rio que podem ser extrapolados para situa??es de aplica??es pr?ticas na Bacia Potiguar. As simula??es foram realizadas no m?dulo STARS (Steam, Thermal, and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator) do programa da CMG (Computer Modelling Group), vers?o 2007.11. Os resultados mostraram que a presen?a do solvente nas quantidades analisadas melhorou os fatores de recupera??o e as vaz?es de ?leo. Al?m disso, a maior parte do solvente injetado foi produzido, podendo ser reciclado

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcilioPR.pdf: 779455 bytes, checksum: 0cff6512b78d66eae1a828df6b9c8490 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / With the new discoveries of oil and gas, the exploration of fields in various geological basins, imports of other oils and the development of alternative fuels, more and more research labs have evaluated and characterized new types of petroleum and derivatives. Therefore the investment in new techniques and equipment in the samples analysis to determine their physical and chemical properties, their composition, possible contaminants, especification of products, among others, have multiplied in last years, so development of techniques for rapid and efficient characterization is extremely important for a better economic recovery of oil. Based on this context, this work has two main objectives. The first one is to characterize the oil by thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry (TG-MS), and correlate these results with from other types of characterizations data previously informed. The second is to use the technique to develop a methodology to obtain the curve of evaluation of hydrogen sulfide gas in oil. Thus, four samples were analyzed by TG-MS, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). TG results can be used to indicate the nature of oil, its tendency in coke formation, temperatures of distillation and cracking, and other features. It was observed in MS evaluations the behavior of oil main compounds with temperature, the points where the volatilized certain fractions and the evaluation gas analysis of sulfide hydrogen that is compared with the evaluation curve obtained by Petrobras with another methodology / Com as novas descobertas de petr?leo e g?s, a explora??o de campos em v?rias bacias geol?gicas, a importa??o de outros ?leos e o desenvolvimento de combust?veis alternativos, cada vez mais os laborat?rios de pesquisa t?m avaliado e caracterizado novos tipos de petr?leo e derivados. Por conseq??ncia os investimentos em novas t?cnicas e equipamentos de an?lise para determina??o na amostra das suas propriedades f?sico-qu?micas, da sua composi??o, de poss?veis contaminantes, de especifica??o de produtos, entre outros, t?m se multiplicado nos ?ltimos anos, de modo que o desenvolvimento de t?cnicas r?pidas e eficientes de caracteriza??o ? extremamente importante para um melhor aproveitamento econ?mico do petr?leo. Com base neste contexto, este trabalho tem dois objetivos principais. O primeiro ? caracterizar o petr?leo atrav?s da an?lise termogravim?trica acoplada ? espectrometria de massas (TG-MS), e correlacionar esses resultados com dados de outros tipos de caracteriza??es previamente informados. O segundo ? utilizar a t?cnica para desenvolver uma metodologia para a obten??o da curva de evolu??o do g?s sulf?drico no petr?leo. Assim, quatro amostras foram analisadas por TG-MS e por espectrometria de fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX). Os resultados obtidos com a termogravimetria podem ser utilizados para indicar a natureza do petr?leo, sua tend?ncia ? forma??o de coque, temperaturas de destila??o e craqueamento, entre outras caracter?sticas. Nas curvas de evolu??o obtidas por espectrometria de massas se observam o comportamento dos principais constituintes do petr?leo em fun??o da temperatura, os cortes onde s?o volatilizadas determinadas fra??es e a gera??o do g?s sulf?drico, que ? comparada com a curva obtida pela Petrobr?s utilizando outra metodologia

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TiagoRS.pdf: 224853 bytes, checksum: a7ecf3c3cba57ff6b3ea1ac7c4fb7f05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-02 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / Cementation operation consists in an extremely important work for the phases of perforation and completion of oil wells, causing a great impact on the well productivity. Several problems can occur with the cement during the primary cementation, as well as throughout the productive period. The corrective operations are frequent, but they are expensive and demands production time. Besides the direct cost, prejudices from the interruption of oil and gas production till the implementation of a corrective operation must be also taken into account. The purpose of this work is the development of an alternative cement paste constituted of Portland cement and porcelainized stoneware residue produced by ceramic industry in order to achieve characteristics as low permeability, high tenacity, and high mechanical resistance, capable of supporting various operations as production or oil wells recuperation. Four different concentration measures of hydrated paste were evaluated: a reference paste, and three additional ones with ceramic residue in concentrations of the order of 10%, 20% and 30% in relation to cement dough. High resistance and low permeability were found in high concentration of residues, as well as it was proved the pozolanic reactivity of the residue in relation to Portland cement, which was characterized through x-ray and thermogravimetry assays. It was evident the decrease of calcium hydroxide content, once it was substituted by formation of new hydrated products as it was added ceramic residue / A opera??o de cimenta??o consiste em um trabalho de extrema import?ncia para as fases de perfura??o e completa??o de po?os de petr?leo e tem grande impacto sobre a produtividade do po?o. Muitos problemas podem ocorrer com o cimento, tanto durante a cimenta??o prim?ria do po?o como tamb?m durante seu per?odo produtivo. As opera??es para corre??o destes problemas s?o freq?entes, por?m onerosas e demandam tempo de produ??o. Al?m do custo direto da opera??o corretiva, deve m ser ontabilizados, ainda, preju?zos devidos ? interrup??o da produ??o de ?leo e g?s at? que uma opera??o de corre??o seja realizada. Este trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de pastas cimentantes alternativas, constitu?das por cimento Portland e um res?duo de porcelanato produzido pela ind?stria cer?mica, a fim de obter caracter?sticas como baixa permeabilidade, alta tenacidade e alta resist?ncia mec?nica, capazes de suportar as diversas opera??es, tanto de produ??o como de recupera??o de po?os de petr?leo. Foram avaliadas quatro concentra??es diferentes de pastas hidratadas: uma pasta de refer?ncia e tr?s pastas contendo res?duo cer?mico nas concentra??es de 10%, 20% e 30%, em rela??o ? massa do cimento. Foram encontradas, para as maiores concentra??es de res?duo, maior resist?ncia mec?nica e menor permeabilidade, al?m de ser comprovada a reatividade pozol?nica do res?duo com o cimento Portland. Esta foi caracterizada atrav?s dos ensaios de Difra??o de Raios X e Termogravimetria, ficando clara a diminui??o do teor de hidr?xido de c?lcio, substitu?do pela forma??o de novos produtos hidratados ? medida que se adicionava o res?duo cer?mico