Thesis (doctoral)--University of Halle-Wittenberg, 1910. / "Ex Dissertationum philologicarum Halensium vol. XVIII [1911], 4 seorum expressum": t.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references (p. [366]-369).

Please note: Editorial Studies works are permanently embargoed in OpenBU. No public access is forecasted for this item. To request private access, please click on the locked Download file link, and fill out the appropriate web form. / This selection of letters annotates the correspondence of author Joan Aiken with her literary agent, Charles Schlessiger of Brandt & Brandt (now Brandt & Hochman) from 1963-64. The letters begin with her introduction to Schlessiger through her father, poet and novelist Conrad Aiken, who worked with the same agency. The correspondence reveals a fast-paced lifestyle as Aiken raised two children in a single-parent household and produced at least two titles a year from 1963 until the end of her career. Between 1962 and 1964 Aiken published some of her most important work, including the first two installments in the Wolves of Willoughby Chase series, while working on a number of other pieces for adults. The letters reveal the day-to-day business required to maintain a trans-Atlantic literary career. / 2031-01-01

On trouve sous la plume de Bayle des jugements critiques fondés sur des rapprochements pour le moins étonnants : de Pascal, il dresse un portrait en nouvel Epicure, et de Malebranche, il assimile la morale augustinienne à une morale épicurienne. On a souvent considéré ces commentaires comme de simples arguments polémiques sans fondement dans l'architecture des pensées commentées. Pourtant, Bayle théorise lui-même l'art d"établir ces parentés paradoxales comme un acte d' interprétation : il se définit comme un "petit auteur " dont la tâche est d' interpréter au plus juste les textes en opérant de "belles applications", c'est-à-dire en conférant au texte un nouveau contexte pertinent susceptible d'en faire ressortir la signification. Nous nous proposons de donner tout son sérieux théorique à l'affinité paradoxale décelée par Bayle entre augustinisme et épicurisme dans la mesure où elle est susceptible de nous renseigner autant sur la propre pensée de Bayle que sur les oeuvres dont il entreprend la lecture. Cette affinité repose sur la notion de plaisir, dont Bayle montre qu'elle est au coeur des anthropologies augustinienne et épicurienne. Il en décline tour à tour les conséquences morale, théologique, spirituelle, politique et épistémologique, jusqu'à récrire ce que l'on peut considérer comme un dialogue entre Augustin et Epicure, dialogue qui n'a pas été correctement développé à ses yeux. Il en résulte que l'épicurisme lui paraît beaucoup plus "proportionné" que l'augustinisme à la nature de l'homme tel qu'il est. / In Bayle's works we find a number of critical judgements based on unexpected comparisons : he portrays Pascal as a new Epicurus, for instance; he classes Malebranche's Augustinian morals as an Epicurean ethic. These comments have often been interpreted as polemical arguments without foundation in more profound phjlosophical thought. However Bayle himself proposes a theory of the art of establishing such paradoxical connections, which he regards as an act of interpretation : he describes himself as a "Small writer", whose work consists in interpreting texts by finding relevant contexts which bring out their deeper meaning: thjs is what he calls « to make fine applications». ln this thesis we suggest thal the paradoxical affinity defined by Bayle between Epicureanism and Augustinianism should be taken seriously : it can indeed inforrn us about Bayle's own thought and about his interpretation of olher aulhors. This affinity is based on the concept of pleasure which is, according to Bayle, at the heart of Augustinean and Epicurean anthropologies. From this affinity, Bayle then draws moral, theological, spiritual, political and epistemological consequences. He rewrites, as it were, a debate between Augustin and Epicurus, a debate which, to his mind, had never been properly conducted. His conclusion is thal Epicureanism is better « proportioned » to human nature as it is than Augustinianism.

The thesis covers aspects of the law relating to letters of credit. It deals with the operation of letters of credit with particular reference to the doctrine of strict compliance, the principle of independence, the fraud exception and conflict of laws. According to the principle of independence, banks must make payment in terms of the letter of credit irrespective of any dispute that may exist between the buyer and the seller in an underlying contract or other contracts. Although the principle of independence is clearly established, it is not absolute. An exception occurs in the case of fraud. Thus, if the seller has committed fraud, such as tendering forged documents, the buyer can instruct the bank not to make payment in terms of the credit. If the bank refuses to dishonour the letter of credit, the buyer can apply to a court to interdict the bank from making payment. In South African law the buyer must establish that the seller was party to fraud in relation to the documents presented to the bank for payment before the court can grant an interdict. This thesis also examines the standard of proof of fraud required in letters of credit transactions and proposes a standard of proof which will not unduly favour the seller whose good faith is in dispute. The fast growing technology of computers and telecommunications is rapidly changing the methods of transacting business by paper documentation and letter of credit transactions are no exception. At present the buyer can apply to the bank to issue a letter of credit through the computer and banks also communicate letter of credit transactions through computer networks. However, the beneficiary still has to present documents to the bank for payment in paper form. It is proposed that the Uniform Custom and Practice For Documentary Credits (UCP) be amended to provide for fully computerised letters of credit transactions. Another objective of the thesis is to examine the doctrine of strict compliance. In terms of the doctrine of strict compliance documents presented under the credit must comply strictly with the requirements set out in the credit. If banks are satisfied that the documents presented by the seller strictly conform with the requirements of the credit they are obliged to make payment as required by the credit. It is proposed that the doctrine of strict compliance should not be applied strictly. In other words, the banks should make payment in terms of the credit if the discrepancy in the documents is trivial. The thesis also covers conflict of laws issues. As the UCP does not have rules dealing with conflict of laws, most jurisdictions have developed their own rules to be applied by the courts in cases of conflict of laws. The thesis examines the different rules of conflict of laws as developed and practiced by different jurisdictions.

The letter of credit continues to play an indispensable role in the financing and securing of international commercial transactions. Its usefulness and efficacy derives primarily from the fact that it is independent from the underlying relationship between buyer and seller. In a considerable number of cases, however, the independence of the letter of credit has been challenged as a result of fraud in the underlying transaction. After analyzing recent reforms of the regulatory framework governing letters of credit, this fraud exception to the independence principle will be reappraised in the light of current developments in Canada and the United States. Finally, the author argues that arbitration can and indeed should play an increasingly important role in the resolution of international letter of credit disputes involving fraud in the transaction.

No description available.

This thesis aims to elucidate the nature of the references to Satan in the undisputed Pauline corpus. Although scholarship has frequently devoted attention to the various “powers of evil” in Paul’s letters—including principalities, rulers, demons, etc.—insufficient consideration has been given to the figure of Satan as an isolated subject matter. Moreover, scholarship on the individual references to Satan has often neglected Paul’s depiction of Satan’s activity vis-à-vis his apostolic calling. This raises the question, how and why does the Apostle Paul refer to the figure of Satan in his letters? In order to address this question, the thesis commences by examining two key areas of background material. First, Chapter Two investigates the various “images” of Satan in the Hebrew Bible and Second Temple Jewish texts. Instead of delineating a historical sketch of the development of Satan in Jewish thought, emphasis is placed on the various roles in which Satan functions within these writings. Second, Chapters Two and Three investigate two aspects of Paul’s theology which relate to his references to Satan. First, Satan’s place within Paul’s apocalyptic theology is explicated (Chapter Three). Second, the thesis considers Paul’s self-understanding as the Apostle to the Gentiles and, critically, the importance of Paul’s churches for his apostleship (Chapter Four). Chapters Five and Six then utilize the findings of the previous chapters in their examination of the ten clear references to Satan in the undisputed Pauline letters. Chapter Five focuses on the sole reference to Satan in Romans (16:20) and the two references in 1 Thessalonians (2:18; 3:5). Chapter Six then analyzes the several references to Satan in the Corinthian correspondence (1 Cor 5:5; 7:5; 2 Cor 2:11; 4:4; 6:15; 11:14; 12:7), including their collective significance. On the basis of the examination of the Pauline references to Satan, it is argued that Paul—while sharing the Jewish and early Christian understanding of Satan as an enemy and tempter of the people of God—fundamentally characterizes Satan in his letters as the apocalyptic adversary who opposes his apostolic labor (kopos). Paul does so, it is argued, because he believed that his apostleship was pivotal in spreading the gospel at a crucial point in salvation history. The final chapter then anticipates the implications of the study for further research.

No description available.

The aim of this study is to determine how the metaphor 'being crucified with Christ influences the ethics in Paul's letters. The approach is exegetical. The first purpose was to construct the socio-historical context of the phrase 'being crucified with Christ'. The cross, the modes of crucifixion and the phrase "with" are studied from a socio-historical perspective. It became clear that the cross was reserved as punishment for the lowest classes and the worst criminals. The cross was one of the cruellest and inhuman ways to kill someone. The shame and pain that accompany it was too much to bear. Any person in those times who heard they must be crucified with Jesus, would have been shocked to the core. Detailed exegesis has been done of two Scripture passages. Romans 6:1-14 and Galatians 2: 15-21. The two portions contain the phrase “being crucified with Christ”. The grammatical-historical method of exegesis has been used in the research. The phrase "being crucified with Christ” has then been studied against the background of the whole New Testament, using Scripture to enlighten Scripture, so as to establish the revelation historical development in the Bible. The phrase “being crucified with Christ” has also been studied in the light of the reformed confessions. It has been established that the rest of the scriptural revelation of God and the reformed confessions support the results of the exegesis. The influence of the phrase “being crucified with Christ” on the ethics of Paul has then been established. Three analytical categories were used, namely identity, ethics and ethos. It became clear that the fact that the believer died with Christ should have a great effect on the lie of the believer. His lie can never be the same again. Because God has liberated the believer from the power of sin, the believer should transfer all his allegiance to the one who has set him free. The believer is dead to sin and alive to God. He is no longer a slave to sin. The last chapter explored how these ethical implications of the phrase “being crucified with Christ” should be actualized in the life of the believer. It became clear that by faith the believer lives the new lie, with Christ actually living in him. Through his union with Christ, the believer undergoes transformation that should cause him to walk in newness of life. The Holy Spirit is at work through faith and the fruit of the Spirit should be manifest in the lie of the believer. The fact that the believer has been “crucified with Christ” is a metaphor that Paul uses to shock the believer to the realization that the new life in Christ has a complete impact on every area of the his lie. / Thesis (M.Th. (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Orientador: Adalberto Luis Vicente / Banca: Alexandre Bonafim Felizardo / Banca: Fabiane Renata Borsato / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo as cartas trocadas entre Clarice Lispector e Fernando Sabino reveladas ao público em 2002 pelo autor mineiro, que as publicou sob o nome de Cartas perto do Coração, obra em que revelou as cartas que recebia cotidianamente de Clarice e toda a cumplicidade e envolvimento literário que havia entre eles. Publicadas integralmente, as cartas remontam um período que vai de 21 de abril de 1946 a 29 de janeiro de 1969. O início desse contato mostra dois jovens que tinham acabado de completar 20 anos, uma época de muito investimento nos projetos pessoais e profissionais e também de muita insegurança diante do mundo e dos próprios escritos. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os componentes de interesse literário que revelam a criação, a escritura e o ofício do escritor. A importância desse estudo está no fato de que se entende aqui que esta correspondência é um lugar de ensaio, pensamento e de literatura de Clarice Lispector e, sobretudo, porque se acredita que esse conjunto de cartas possa ser entendido como um tratado apaixonado sobre a escritura e sobre o ofício do escritor. Figuram na obra revelações e queixas, filosofias do cotidiano, mas, sobretudo, questões literárias, o que comprova o quanto a carta é um gênero proteiforme ou seja, é impossível impor a ela uma forma e uma figura únicas, o que não significa que seja um gênero sem limites, ainda que esses limites sejam constantemente friccionados. Importa também apontar que na obra em questão as cartas têm um valor poético em que a linguagem toma o primeiro plano da criação e aparecem nelas, sobretudo, a preocupação com (i) para que fazer literatura; (ii) escrever por que e para quem; (iii) o fazer poético; (iv) a procura pela forma mais precisa de expressar o inexprimível. / Abstract: This research studies the letters exchanged between Clarice Lispector and Fernando Sabino revealed to the public in 2002 by the mineiro author, who published them under the name Cartas perto do coração, a work which showed the letters received from Clarice and all the cumplicity and literary involvement between the two writers. Fully published, the letters correspond to a period between 21st April, 1946 and 29th January, 1969. The beginning of this contact shows two young friends who had just turned 20, a time of much investment in personal and professional projects and also a lot of insecurity about the world and the writing itself. The aim of this study is to analyze the components of literary interest that reveal the creation, the literary writing and the writer's work. The importance of this study lies on the fact that it is understood here, that Cartas perto do coração is a place of Clarice Lispector's literary rehaersal, thinking and literary creation process and, above all, because it is believed that these letters can be understood as a passionate essay on literary writing and the writer's work. In Cartas perto do coração we can see Clarice's complaints about her life and her work and everyday philosophies, but above all, literary issues, which proves that the letter is a mixed genre and that, because of this, it is impossible to enforce a formula on it, even though we cannot say the epistolography is a genre without limits, even when these limits are constantly mixed. It is also important to point out that in Cartas perto do coração the letters have a poetic value in which the language takes the forefront of the creation and we can see in these letters, above all, the following concerns (i) make literature why?; (Ii) write why and to whom; (Iii) the work of making literature; (Iv) the difficulty of trying to say the unsayable through literature. / Mestre