Two experiments were carried out. The first study was designed to investigate the effects of percentage of reinforcement and the number of correct acquisition trials, when combined, on the number of responses to extinction and rate of lever-pulling of human subjects. The second study was designed to investigate the effects off percentage of reinforcement combined with number of reinforcements on the same dependent variables. Analysis of the data revealed: (1) resistance to extinction in both experiments, was inversely related to the percentage of reinforcement; (2) resistance to extinction was inversely related to the number of reinforcements but was not affected by the number of correct acquisition trials; (3) the mean rate of responding was inversely related to the number of reinforcements but was not affected by either percentage of reinforcement or number of correct acquisition trials; and (4) the number of responses per unit of time increased during acquisition and decreased during extinction in both studies. The results were discussed in relation to theories stemming from previous partial reinforcement studies. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Background: Current research, surrounding motor laterality at a population level in horses, indicates that in order to stand with the left forelimb in advance of the other, it is achieved by taking a greater amount of steps with the left foreleg than the right foreleg (McGreevy & Thomson 2006; McGreevy et al. 2007); suggesting that pedometers could effectively estimate asymmetry of forelimb locomotion in grazing horses. This novel method of detecting forelimb preference also reduces the likelihood of operator influence and provides an inexpensive objective measure of vertical movement which has the advantage of scoring large sample sizes, avoids single-day anomalies by recording over multiple days and overcomes logistical challenges (Vincent & Sidman 2003; Chan et al. 2005; Silva et al. 2010; Warren-Smith & McGreevy 2010). However in order to determine the reliability and validity of this novel measure the relationship between pedometer data and those derived from direct observation will first need to be assessed (Warren-Smith and McGreevy 2010). Objectives: To determine: (1) if pedometers accurately record equine steps at walk and trot, when compared to video analysis, (2) if alternative positioning of these pedometers affected the accuracy of step detection when compared to video analysis. Method: Five horses each wearing a Yamax Digiwalk SW-200 (spring lever arm pedometer) and a Yamax Power Walker PW-610/611 (piezoelectric pedometer) positioned on the left foreleg (LF), left scapular (LS), chest (C), right scapular (RS) and right foreleg (RF) walked and trotted on a 20m circle 10 times on each rein to yield 100 results for each gait. Video recorded by GoPro Hero 3 Black edition camera positioned on the girth facing the forefeet using the following settings: 180 degree field of view, 720p, 120fps. Both visual and audio data were captured and recorded. Results: Kruskal-Wallis Test on the deviation from actual number of steps per unit for each type of pedometer and the position of the pedometer compared to the actual number of steps taken by both forelegs determined that there is a significant difference (H1= 340.31; P < 0.0001) between readings in walk and also in trot (H1 = 483.49; P < 0.0001). A further Kruskal-Wallis Test on the deviation from actual number of steps per unit for each type of pedometer and the position of the pedometer compared to the actual number of steps taken by individual forelegs determined that there is a significant difference (H = 403.36; p < 0.0001) at walk and also at trot (H = 477.10; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In summary, the analysis of the pedometer data compared to video analysis indicate that pedometers are not useful for scoring forelimb movements in horses at walk and trot, regardless of positioning.

This report presents findings from a social assessment of siting a low­ level radioactive waste storage facility in Michigan. The research focused specifically on how people perceive themselves to be affected by the proposed facility and the degree of community support for and opposition to the facility. Social assessment research in the LLRW project consisted of a telephone survey of Michigan residents and an in-depth ethnographic survey of residents in the tri-state area of Michigan, Indiana and Ohio. Findings from these studies can aid in the development and implementation of a social monitoring program and in the design of community-based measures to mitigate unwanted social impacts.

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit te Groningen.

Thesis (doctor of medicine)--Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1980. / Text in English, with summaries in English and Dutch.

Thesis (doctoral)--Katholieke Universiteit Leuven.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Göteborgs universtiet, 2010. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

- / -

Orientador: André Koch Torres de Assis / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T22:24:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magnaghi_CenoPietro_M.pdf: 1798569 bytes, checksum: 62e401ce133a73f1825555b3f9f5ed39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Apresentamos os aspectos essenciais da vida e da obra de Arquimedes. Incluímos os pontos principais da história da sua obra intitulada Método sobre os Teoremas Mecânicos, endereçada a Eratóstenes, desde a sua redação até os tempos modernos. Enfatizamos os aspectos físicos contidos neste livro, em particular, o centro de gravidade e a lei da alavanca. Depois apresentamos os aspectos matemáticos necessários para acompanhar as demonstrações de Arquimedes: álgebra geométrica, aplicação das áreas, teoria das proporções e as seções cônicas (parábola, elipse e hipérbole). Discutimos detalhadamente a essência física do método de Arquimedes. Com este objetivo apresentamos as demonstrações físicas de seus teoremas no qual utiliza alavancas em equilíbrio sob a ação gravitacional terrestre. Fazemos uma tradução completa a partir do texto grego de sua obra Método sobre os Teoremas Mecânicos. Incluímos diversos comentários, alguns Apêndices técnicos e matemáticos, assim como uma ampla Bibliografia ao final da tese / Abstract: We present the main aspects of the life and works of Archimedes. We include some important topics in the history of his work The Method of Mechanical Theorems, addressed to Eratostenes, from the period in which Archimedes wrote it up to the modern times. We emphasize the physical aspects contained in his book including the center of gravity and the law of the lever. We present the mathematical topics which are required in order to follow Archimedes¿s demonstrations: geometric algebra, application of areas, theory of proportions and conic sections (parabola, ellipse and hyperbola). We discuss at length the physical essence of Archimedes¿s method. To this end we include the physical demonstrations of his theorems in which he utilized levers in equilibrium under the gravitational action of the Earth. We make a complete Portuguese translation from the Greek of his book The Method of Mechanical Theorems. We include comments, some technical and mathematical Appendices, together with a large Bibliography at the end of the thesis / Mestrado / Física Geral / Mestre em Física

The study is an interpretative analysis of Virginia Cooperative Extension that examined the mission of the agency, as defined through its history and enabling acts of legislation. The study investigated how the mission has evolved during the eighty-four years of its existence. The study used the intent and context of the federal Smith-Lever legislation of 1914 as its benchmark to discover what the desired and anticipated outcomes were for Cooperative Extension by the original patrons of the legislation. Subsequent legislative acts at both the state and federal levels, as well as actions by the executive branch of government, were studied to discover if and when the mission of cooperative extension has changed and to identify the political, economic, and social factors that influenced the changes. The study incorporated accepted methods of historical research and included the review and analysis of both primary and secondary sources of information. Interviews of key leaders who have influenced the policy position of Virginia Cooperative Extension over the past thirty years were conducted. The data gathered by the study were analyzed and presented to highlight major themes that could have influenced critical policy issues that have confronted Virginia Cooperative Extension. The conclusion is that the mission of extension is two fold: (1) to provide education that could lead to increased economic opportunity and, (2) to enhance the quality of life enjoyed by Virginia’s citizens. Three critical attributes are identified that relate to the ability of Virginia Cooperative Extension to fulfill its mission: (1) access to research-based information, (2) a strong presence in local communities, and (3) a capacity to provide timely responses to emerging issues. / Ph. D.