No description available.

El presente artículo ofrece una propuesta de clasificación de las variedades lingüísticas pertenecientes a la familia lingüística pano habladas en la provincia del Purús (región Ucayali, Perú). Los datos empleados recogen información léxica sobre nueve de estas variedades lingüísticas e información gramatical sobre ocho de ellas. Este material ha sido analizado empleando métodos filogenéticos y demuestra la pertinencia de agrupar a todas estas lenguas en un subgrupo al interior de la familia pano. Sin embargo, los resultados revelan una contradicción entre los datos provenientes del léxico y los datos provenientes de la gramática: los primeros sugieren la existencia de tres unidades lingüísticas bien delimitadas, mientras que los segundos sugieren la existencia de cuatro. Esto abre interesantespreguntas en torno a la posible existencia de un continuo dialectal yaminawa. Finalmente, este artículo discute la posición de la lengua iskonawa (una lengua pano obsolescente) en relación con las lenguas del Purús. Los datos muestran que el iskonawa exhibe una fuerte base purusina, que nos lleva a postularlo como una lengua muy cercana a las lenguas habladas en el Purús. / The present paper aims to provide a classification of the Panoan linguistic varieties spoken in the province of Purus (Ucayali, Peru). The data covers lexical information coming from nine Panoan linguistic varieties of the Purus province, as well as grammatical information taken from eight of them. The data have been analyzed using phylogenetic methods and show the need of including all these languages in a single Panoan subgroup. The results, however, show inconsistent trends between the lexical and the grammatical data: lexical data suggest the existence of three well-defined linguistic units, while the grammatical data point towards the existence of four. This fact opens interesting questions regarding the so-called Yaminawadialectal continuum. Finally, this paper discusses the position of Iskonawa (an obsolescent Panoan language) in relation to the languages of Purus. The data shows that Iskonawa is closely-related to the languages of the Purus region.

This essay studies the translation of metaphorical concepts and lexical variation in relation to walking in a text about hiking in the Lake District. These two linguistic features are deemed to be important in fulfilling the communicative intention of the source text and the aim of the essay is to investigate to what extent these two linguistic features have been retained translation and what motivates different translation strategies. The qualitative study of metaphors focuses on the metaphorical concept THE LAKE DISTRICT IS A PERSON analyses how often different translation strategies are employed when translating metaphors. The results show that which strategy was preferred depended on whether the metaphor was lexicalised or novel and a qualitative analysis aims to explain these differences in preference. A qualitative study of the lexical variation regarding walking between the two languages found the number of different words used to be fairly similar in both languages. Context was determined to be more important than the exact meaning when translating words related to hiking. At times context therefore also motivated a single word to be translated into several different words in the target text or vice versa.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / O Atlas LinguÃstico LÃxico-semÃntico de Iguatu documenta a linguagem regional falada nessa localidade, com o objetivo de analisar as variaÃÃes lexicais na linguagem, tanto na zona rural quanto na zona urbana de Iguatu, elaborar cartas lÃxicas equivalentes aos campos semÃnticos trabalhados para constituir o Atlas e oferecer subsÃdios importantes para a pesquisa GeolinguÃstica no Brasil e para os estudos da LÃngua Portuguesa falada. Este trabalho fundamentou-se nos pressupostos da Dialetologia moderna, atravÃs de autores como AragÃo, Coseriu e Ferreira e Cardoso e da GeolinguÃstica pluridimensional, atravÃs de Cardoso, Mota e Radtke & Thun. A pesquisa possui uma malha de 06 pontos de inquÃritos, divididos em 04 pontos na zona urbana e 02 na zona rural. Em cada ponto, foram entrevistados 04 informantes, 02 do sexo masculino e 02 do sexo feminino, pertencentes a duas faixas etÃrias distintas, a primeira entre 18 e 30 anos, e a segunda entre 45 e 60 anos. AlÃm de pertencerem à escolaridade entre sem nenhuma instruÃÃo e 9 ano do Ensino fundamental. A escolha dos pontos e a caracterizaÃÃo dos informantes baseiam-se nas orientaÃÃes do Projeto ALiB (Atlas LinguÃstico do Brasil), bem como o QuestionÃrio SemÃntico Lexical (QSL) para a obtenÃÃo dos itens lexicais, a ficha da localidade e do informante. O arquivamento e transcriÃÃo do corpus seguiu as mesmas orientaÃÃes do ALiB, as gravaÃÃes foram feitas em lugares apropriados para os informantes. O atlas compÃe-se de 53 cartas divididas em cartas geogrÃficas e semÃntico-lexicais em que se apresenta a variaÃÃo lexical de itens sugeridos no QSL do Projeto ALiB e sua frequÃncia de realizaÃÃo entre os informantes. / The lexical-semantical linguistic Atlas of Iguatu registers the local speech of the place, allowing to analyse lexical variation in language, in both the rural and the urban areas, ellaborate lexical charts equivalent to the semantic fields used to build the Atlas and offer important data to Geolinguistic research in Brazil and to the studies on Spoken Portuguese. This work is based in claims of modern Dialectology, such as exposed in authors as AragÃo, Coseriu and Ferreira and Cardoso, and of pluridimensional Geolingusitics, as mentioned by Cardoso, Mota and Radtke and Thun. This research involves 06 places in which inquiery takes place, 04 of which in the urban area, the other 02 in the rural area. In each place 04 informers were interviewed, 02 men and 02 women, belonging to 02 distinct age groups, from 18 to 30 years old and from 45 to 60 years old. The years the informers spent at school varies from none to 09 years (Fundamental School). Places and informers were chosen according to orientation from the AliB Project (Linguistic Atlas of Brazil), as well as the Lexical-Semantical Questionnaire (LSQ), through which lexical items were to be obtained, and both the placesâ and the informersâdescription. The archiving and the transcription of the corpus were also made according to AliB orientation, and registrations were made on appropriate places to informers. The Atlas of Iguatu has 53 lingusitic charts, divided in geographic charts and lexical-semantical ones. In them figures lexical variation of items suggested by the LSQ of the AliB Project and the frequency with which they occur among informers.

The aim of this study is to discover if Swedish writers use American or British spelling, vocabulary and grammar when writing a text in English. The focus is on differences in spelling categories, lexical variation between the two varieties as well as differences in the usage of non-finite complementation. This is a quantitative study based on material from the Swedish in English Newspapers Corpus (SWENC), the Blogs in English by Swedes Corpus (BESC), and the Corpus of English Tweets by Swedes (CETS). The results show that Swedish writers of English prefer to use British English spelling, American English vocabulary and that they tend to imitate American English grammar usage when it comes to non-finite complementation. The conclusions are that the English of Swedish writers is affected by the standards of the English used in at least two of the countries in the Inner Circle, i.e. American and British English, and that it seems to be influenced both by what is taught in school and what the writers see and hear in the media.

No description available.

Lo studio esamina la variazione lessicale regionale in forma scritta nell’inglese standard in California. Attraverso ricerche in rete limitate a 336 siti di giornali online con sede in 270 città in California, vengono raccolti i valori di 45 variabili continue di alternanze lessicali e quindi calcolati come proporzioni. Tecniche statistiche di autocorrelazione spaziale globale e locale analizzano i valori. I risultati delle analisi, riportati in 90 mappe, confermano la distribuzione regionale delle variabili in California. Le 45 variabili lessicali sono poi esaminate con tecniche statistiche multivariate per individuare le relazioni linguistiche tra le città della California esaminate. L’analisi fattoriale, che rappresenta il 50,5% della variazione nei dati, evidenzia tre aree nella distribuzione regionale lessicale: nord/sud, urbano/rurale, e aree centrali e basso meridionali/aree alto meridionali e del nord. L’analisi dei cluster gerarchica distingue inoltre sei regioni dialettali principali in California: quella del Nord, quella di Sacramento-Santa Cruz, quella della San Francisco Bay Area, quella centrale, quella alto meridionale, e quella basso meridionale. Cinque mappe multivariate sono fornite nella tesi. La spiegazione dei risultati si basa sia su modelli di insediamento storico che su una spiegazione socio-culturale, che si riflettono nel linguaggio in California. / The study examines regional lexical variation in written Standard California English. The values​of 45 continuous lexical alternation variables are gathered through site-restricted web searches in 336 online newspaper websites based in 270 locations in California and then calculated as proportions. Statistical techniques analyze global and local spatial autocorrelation values. The results of the analysis, reported in 90 maps, confirm the regional distribution of the variables in California. The 45 lexical variables are then analyzed with multivariate techniques to identify the linguistic relations between the surveyed California cities. Factor analysis, which accounts for 50.5% of the variation in the data, highlights three areas in the regional lexical distribution: north/south, urban/rural, central and lower southern/upper southern and northern areas. The hierarchical cluster analysis also distinguishes six major dialect regions in California: the North dialect region, the Sacramento-Santa Cruz dialect region, the San Francisco Bay Area dialect region, the Central dialect region, the Upper Southerns dialect region, and the Lower Southern dialect region. Five multivariate maps are provided in the thesis. The explanation of the results is based both on historical settlement patterns and on a socio-cultural explanation, which are reflected in the language in California.

LIMA, Fabiana dos Santos. Atlas linguístico léxico-semântico de Iguatu (ALIg). 2009. 137f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Linguistica) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernaculas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza-CE, 2009. / Submitted by nazareno mesquita (nazagon36@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-07-09T14:36:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_diss_ FSLIMA.pdf: 4089481 bytes, checksum: 2e1298f75383d0a85acb6f77dd506d24 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-08-02T14:40:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_diss_ FSLIMA.pdf: 4089481 bytes, checksum: 2e1298f75383d0a85acb6f77dd506d24 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-02T14:40:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_diss_ FSLIMA.pdf: 4089481 bytes, checksum: 2e1298f75383d0a85acb6f77dd506d24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / The lexical-semantical linguistic Atlas of Iguatu registers the local speech of the place, allowing to analyse lexical variation in language, in both the rural and the urban areas, ellaborate lexical charts equivalent to the semantic fields used to build the Atlas and offer important data to Geolinguistic research in Brazil and to the studies on Spoken Portuguese. This work is based in claims of modern Dialectology, such as exposed in authors as Aragão, Coseriu and Ferreira and Cardoso, and of pluridimensional Geolingusitics, as mentioned by Cardoso, Mota and Radtke and Thun. This research involves 06 places in which inquiery takes place, 04 of which in the urban area, the other 02 in the rural area. In each place 04 informers were interviewed, 02 men and 02 women, belonging to 02 distinct age groups, from 18 to 30 years old and from 45 to 60 years old. The years the informers spent at school varies from none to 09 years (Fundamental School). Places and informers were chosen according to orientation from the AliB Project (Linguistic Atlas of Brazil), as well as the Lexical-Semantical Questionnaire (LSQ), through which lexical items were to be obtained, and both the places’ and the informers’description. The archiving and the transcription of the corpus were also made according to AliB orientation, and registrations were made on appropriate places to informers. The Atlas of Iguatu has 53 lingusitic charts, divided in geographic charts and lexical-semantical ones. In them figures lexical variation of items suggested by the LSQ of the AliB Project and the frequency with which they occur among informers. / O Atlas Linguístico Léxico-semântico de Iguatu documenta a linguagem regional falada nessa localidade, com o objetivo de analisar as variações lexicais na linguagem, tanto na zona rural quanto na zona urbana de Iguatu, elaborar cartas léxicas equivalentes aos campos semânticos trabalhados para constituir o Atlas e oferecer subsídios importantes para a pesquisa Geolinguística no Brasil e para os estudos da Língua Portuguesa falada. Este trabalho fundamentou-se nos pressupostos da Dialetologia moderna, através de autores como Aragão, Coseriu e Ferreira e Cardoso e da Geolinguística pluridimensional, através de Cardoso, Mota e Radtke & Thun. A pesquisa possui uma malha de 06 pontos de inquéritos, divididos em 04 pontos na zona urbana e 02 na zona rural. Em cada ponto, foram entrevistados 04 informantes, 02 do sexo masculino e 02 do sexo feminino, pertencentes a duas faixas etárias distintas, a primeira entre 18 e 30 anos, e a segunda entre 45 e 60 anos. Além de pertencerem à escolaridade entre sem nenhuma instrução e 9º ano do Ensino fundamental. A escolha dos pontos e a caracterização dos informantes baseiam-se nas orientações do Projeto ALiB (Atlas Linguístico do Brasil), bem como o Questionário Semântico Lexical (QSL) para a obtenção dos itens lexicais, a ficha da localidade e do informante. O arquivamento e transcrição do corpus seguiu as mesmas orientações do ALiB, as gravações foram feitas em lugares apropriados para os informantes. O atlas compõe-se de 53 cartas divididas em cartas geográficas e semântico-lexicais em que se apresenta a variação lexical de itens sugeridos no QSL do Projeto ALiB e sua frequência de realização entre os informantes.