The aim of this research is to study the French language used in Belgium, to describe the linguistic situation and some peculiarities of the language there, and to compare it with French language used in France. The author lived in Belgium for nearly six years and compared her experience of the differences between the French language in Belgium with the one used in France. To explore her impressions, she has studied and analysed different sources on the topic and summarised the most important differences. The research is divided in two parts. One gives more general information on Belgium, describes the history of the territory and the linguistic situation of the country to help understand the situation of the French language there. The other, more important part on the language itself describes the phonetic, morphological, syntactic and lexical particularities of Belgian French. The basic conclusion of this paper is that Belgian French is slightly different from French used in France but the differences are not great enough to make understanding between the two nations difficult.

Abstract   (The Algerian French: Neologisms and Borrowings)  A dead language is not in motion but all modern languages are in perpetual evolution. They are constantly renewed. The renewal process can be achieved mainly through lexical enrichments. Creating new words and borrowing words are two of the lexical enrichment processes. In Algeria, like in many other French speaking countries, neologisms and borrowings allow users of different varieties of French, basilectal, acrolectal, mesolectal, to describe their own realities.   The main purpose of this study is to classify the different characteristic features of the Algerian’s French according to previous studies (among others Queffélecet al. , 2002, and Benzakour,  Cherrad-Benchefra & Queffélec., 1995) and then to examine the lexical particularities namely neologisms and borrowings of words. Most of the examples are primarily found in the Algerian press of French expression. We can say that the Algerians have adapted and shaped French in order to increase their lexicon and to make themselves better understood, to convey their messages in a more accurate way and to better understand each other.

This paper presents a reflection on some particularities of written French in Algeria and Ivory Coast. French language was implanted and imposed in both countries at the time of the colonization. Today written French, in Algeria and Ivory Coast, does not always follow standardized French. Some writers like Ahmadou Kourouma and Yasmina Kadra have added new expressions, neologisms and metaphors in order to better convey their messages and place their work in their cultural contexts. The main purpose of this study is to classify some of the different characteristics of Ivorian and Algerian French according to previous studies, then to identify those features in Ahmadou Kourouma’s novel Les soleils des indépendances and Yasmina Khadra’s Les agneaux du seigneur and finally to compare the features of their works. We realize, through those writers, that Ivorian and Algerian French have some convergences and divergences. We noticed that the characteristics of both works exhibited similarities on the derivational morphology level and on the semantic level. But they have some divergences on the syntactic, phonetic and morphologic level. Keywords: French, lexical particularities, neologisms, borrowings of words, new expressions, French characteristics, convergences, divergences, derivational morphology, semantics, syntax, phonetics, morphology

Cette thèse représente le résultat d’une analyse linguistique et d’une description lexicographique des variantes topolectales du français de la Louisiane telles que relevées dans un corpus de théâtre cadien contemporain. Nous présentons nos résultats sous la forme d’un glossaire dont les articles sont conçus selon l’approche de la lexicographie historico-comparative et différentielle. En analysant ces lexèmes et leurs emplois dans une triple perspective : diachronique, diastratique et diatopique, nous effectuons un classement rigoureux de chaque régionalisme sur les axes historique et différentiel.À travers notre traitement lexicographique, nous portons une attention spéciale aux mots d’origine inconnue et aux anglicismes, qui ont trop souvent été traités d’une manière sommaire par le passé. Nous présentons l’histoire de chaque particularité, et expliquons la raison d’être de chaque néologisme, information jusqu’à aujourd’hui non disponible pour la plupart de ces lexèmes. / This doctoral thesis represents the result of a linguistic analysis and a lexicographic description of topolectal variants of French in Louisiana selected from a corpus of contemporary Cajun theater. We present our findings through the form of a glossary whose articles are conceived in the approach of comparative, historical and differential lexicography. Analyzing these lexemes and their usage in a triple perspective: chronological, stratificational and topological, we carry out a rigorous classification of each regionalism on the historical and differential levels.Through our lexicographical treatment, will pay special attention to words of unknown origin and to Anglicisms, which have too often been treated in the past in a summary manner. We present the history of each particularity, and explain the reason behind each neologism, information which has been missing until now for the majority of these terms.