Diss. Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / S. [1] -53: sammanfattning. s. 57-117: 4 uppsatser.

Individual differences of cognitive organization and content were investigated as they relate to adaptation to remote, recent, and immediate life stress. Outside the field of stress, prior researchers have implicated cognitive organization with adjustment and cognitive content with specific psychopathology. As for behavioral adaptation to life stress, cognitive organization was viewed as a major factor in emotional vulnerability and adjustment, and cognitive content as a major factor in the mood disturbance of depression. Behavioral adaptation was defined in terms of current emotional vulnerability, adjustment and negative changes in the immediate (last six months), recent (over six months), and remote (over one year) past.

Little research has examined the effect of non-cancer life stressors on psychological well-being and recurrence in patients with cancer, and results have been mixed. Furthermore, no studies have examined specific types of stress, including loss, danger, and entrapment in patients with cancer, utilizing data obtained from the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule. Given that specifics stressors have been associated with certain psychological responses, this study sought to obtain a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between life stress and psychological well-being. This was examined in a sample of 135 women with ovarian cancer prior to surgery and during the year after diagnosis using latent growth curve analyses. Models of protective psychosocial resources examining social support, mastery, self-acceptance, and purpose in life as potential moderators and mediators of the relationship between life stress and psychosocial outcomes were also evaluated. Results indicated that cancer-related losses were most closely associated with psychological well-being across several analyses, and non-cancer losses had the greatest impact on psychological outcomes when cancer-related loss was low. Non-cancer losses were significantly related to greater fatigue prior to surgery. Additionally, major non-cancer danger stressors were associated with greater distress prior to surgery. In this sample, no stressors were significantly related to cancer recurrence. Social support was the most consistent moderator of life stress on psychological well-being, and its effects on distress and depression at baseline were mediated through self-acceptance. These findings highlight the importance of both cancer- and non-cancer-related stressors on psychological wellbeing among cancer patients in their first year following surgery and furthers our understanding of the role of protective psychosocial factors. This study has significant implications for distress screenings in patients with cancer, psychological interventions, and future research.

Early life stress is a prevalent problem affecting many worldwide and can be experienced in a variety of ways, including limited access to resources as in many low socioeconomic status households. In humans, exposure to stress early in life is linked to various psychiatric conditions such as substance use disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and gambling. One characteristic that these disorders share is elevated impulsivity. Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct and often behaviors are classified as either an impulsive choice (e.g., inability to delay gratification) or an impulsive action (e.g., inability to inhibit premature responses). In the first set of experiments presented here, we characterize the limited bedding and nesting model (LBN) of early life adversity in rodents, in which rat dams and their pups are housed in a limited resource environment from postnatal day (PND) 2 through 9. This model works by inducing stress in the dams, which alters their maternal care behaviors towards pups. As a result, this altered care can be stressful for the developing pups. We have found that LBN exposure promoted resilience to addiction-related phenotypes in adult male, but not female rats. Specifically, LBN reduced impulsive choice, morphine self-administration, and nucleus accumbens (NAc) glutamate transmission in males, effects not seen in females. Additionally, changes in NAc gene transcription unique to LBN males may contribute to resilience. We build on these findings in the second set of experiments, which explores whether LBN alters impulsive action, risky decision-making, and the gene transcriptome of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). We found that LBN increased impulsive action in males. Additionally, we found LBN exposure in rats across sex reduces risky choice. These changes in behavior were accompanied by highly specific changes in gene transcription in the OFC, which is a brain region that mediates both impulsive and risky decision-making behaviors. The identification of genes and signaling pathways that are altered by LBN in the male OFC lays the groundwork for future studies investigating the mechanisms by which early life stress alters addiction-related phenotypes. / Psychology

Traditional personality research on accident behavior has produced conflicting opinions as to the traits that describe the "accident-prone" personality type. Other research has shown that psychosocial life stress, while partially determining the temporal onset of a variety of illnesses, may also be a factor contributing to increased accident liability. This study examined the role of temporary and stress-producing life changes in groups of accident-free and accident-involved industrial employees. The accident sample was found to have significantly higher stress over baseline during the period of accident involvement, but generally lower pre-accident levels than the non-accident sample. A cause-effect analysis of the data from within the accident-involved sample proved inconclusive. Several implications for future research and managerial actions to alleviate stress were also discussed.

Estudos recentes associaram fortemente a fisiopatologia da Depressão ao estresse crônico e suas conseqüências, desde o comportamento alterado até a disrupção do eixo HPA e mudanças na expressão gênica. A depressão é uma doença que afeta milhões de pessoas ao redor do mundo, causando um grande impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Evidências sugerem o papel contributivo do stress de início da vida (ELS) para Depressão Maior (MD). O paradigma do estresse crônico variável é amplamente utilizado, mas seus impactos não foram estudados no início da vida. Portanto, para entender melhor esta condição, os filhotes de ratos Wistar machos (P1-P21) foram expostos ao paradigma Multimodal ELS. Foram avaliados os níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona (cort) e os órgãos relacionados ao eixo HPA. Adicionalmente, estes foram avaliados durante a idade adulta no teste de consumo de sacarose (TCS), no teste de nado forçado (TNF) e no teste da caixa claro-escuro (TCE). Os resultados indicam que os filhotes não se habituaram ao ELS multimodal. Em P21, o peso das glândulas adrenais dos animais ELS é significantivamente maior, e o timo e o peso corporal diminuíram, quando comparados com o grupo controle. O timo também se mantém significativamente reduzido quando comparado ao grupo controle em P90. Além disso, os ratos adultos submetidos ao protocolo ELS apresentaram menor ingestão de sacarose e maior latência para o compartimento claro na TCE, quando comparados ao grupo controle. Um outro modelo animal que apresenta estresse intermitente e tem sido amplamente utilizado é o modelo da restrição do material de ninho. Neste modelo a redução do material do ninho promove uma disrupção no cuidado materno, e gera alterações no desenvolvimento encefálico e comportamental da prole. O ELS leva a um surgimento precoce da inibição do medo contextual e à maturação acelerada do hipocampo. Nós postulamos que a corticosterona desempenha um papel funcional na regulação do tempo de maturação das regiões subjacentes à aprendizagem e expressão de ameaças, incluindo o hipocampo e a amígdala. Nossa hipótese é que alterações nos níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona podem afetar o tempo de processos de maturação cerebral e comportamental. Portanto nosso objetivo foi avaliar como um bloqueador da síntese de corticosterona altera o comportamento de medo condicionado e expressão de BDNF em animais controle ou submetidos ao modelo ELS de redução de material do ninho. Tanto nos grupos controle como ELS utilizamos animais Naïve, ou que receberam Veículo ou Metirapona (MET; 50mg/kg) em P12. Em P18, P21 ou P28 grupos independentes de camundongos foram expostos a uma única sessão de condicionamento do medo, seguido 24 h depois por um único teste de contexto. A análise do comportamento de congelamento no teste de contexto revelou que o tratamento com MET bloqueou a aceleração na inibição do medo contextual em camundongos fêmeas submetidos ao ELS. Curiosamente, em filhotes machos controles tratados com MET, houve um atraso na curva de desenvolvimento de medo contextual. Observamos que houve um correlato do efeito do tratamento com Metirapona na expressão do BDNF em regiões límbicas (hipocampo ventral e amígdala basolateral). Com base nos presentes resultados, a CORT provavelmente desempenha um papel importante no momento do desenvolvimento típico e das mudanças associadas ao ELS no comportamento e na maturação do cérebro. A epilepsia é uma condição neurológica crônica caracterizada pela predisposição persistente a gerar crises epilépticas, e pelas consequências neurobiológicas, cognitivas, psicológicas e sociais desta condição. A depressão é uma comorbidade psiquiátrica muito comum em pacientes com epilepsia. Cada vez mais dados sugerem que a epilepsia, depressão e outros possíveis distúrbios psiquiátricos como a ansiedade compartilham mecanismos patogênicos. Nesse sentido, foram encontradas anormalidades na linhagem WAR (Wistar Audiogenic Rat) que a tornam um modelo interessante para o estudo do estresse, a Epilepsia e as comorbidades neuropsiquiátricas envolvidas. Com base nisso, o presente estudo teve comoxiv Godoy, L.D. objetivo avaliar na linhagem WAR: 1. Cuidados maternos na linhagem WAR nas condições controle e sob estresse 2. Comportamentos de tipo depressivo basal e após o kindling audiogênico (crises convulsivas crônicas- KAu). Não houve diferença no tempo em postura de amamentação ativa, licking/grooming ou tempo da mãe no ninho, e no número de ataques e comportamentos agressivos. Observamos um aumento na latência de ratas WAR para recuperar os filhotes após separação materna, e enquanto 100% das ratas Wistar agruparam toda a ninhada, nas fêmeas WAR foi observado apenas 40%. 2. Para avaliar os comportamentos de tipo depressivo, os ratos foram submetidos a 20 estímulos acústicos duas vezes ao dia (KAu) (Wistar-KAu, WAR-KAu), enquanto os respectivos grupos controle permaneceram sem estímulo (Wistar, WAR). Posteriormente, os grupos foram submetidos ao TCS e TNF Não houve diferença entre o grupo WAR e Wistar no TCS , porém o grupo WAR-KAu grupo apresentou um aumento significativo em relação aos grupos controles. No TNF ambos os grupos WAR e WAR-KAu apresentaram redução significativa de escalada na sessão teste quando comparados ao Wistar. Tomados em conjunto, esses achados indicam que o ELS pode gerar suceptibilidade às comorbidades psiquiátricas associadas ao estresse, e que os modelos experimentais em questão permitem investigar como os efeitos dos glicocorticoies se relacionam com o neurodesenvolvimento, especificamente na maturação do comportamento de medo e de estruturas límbicas. Além disso, dados preliminares indicam que, embora a linhagem WAR não apresente diferenças comportamentais maternas em condições basais, pode apresentar alterações sob o efeito de eventos estressantes. Também, com base nos achados, a susceptibilidade de crises convulsivas pode estar relacionada às alterações nas estratégias comportamentais em situações estressantes na vida adulta, que também pode constituir vulnerabilidade às comorbidades psiquiátricas. / Recent studies have strongly associated the pathophysiology of depression with chronic stress and its consequences, from altered behavior to HPA axis disruption and changes in gene expression. Depression is a disease that affects millions of people around the world, causing a major impact on the quality of life of patients. Evidence suggests the contributory role of early life stress (ELS) for Major Depression (MD). The variable chronic stress paradigm is widely used, but its impacts were not studied early in life. Therefore, to better understand this condition, male Wistar rat pups (P1-P21) were exposed to the Multimodal ELS paradigm. Plasma levels of corticosterone (CORT) and organs related to the HPA axis were evaluated. Additionally, these were evaluated during adulthood in the sucrose consumption test (SCT), the forced swimming test (FST) and the light-dark box test (LDT). The results indicate that pups did not habituate to multimodal ELS. In P21, the weight of the adrenal glands of the ELS animals is significantly greater, and the thymus and body weight decreased, when compared with the control group. The thymus also remains significantly reduced when compared to the control group in P90. In addition, adult rats submitted to the ELS protocol presented lower intake of sucrose and greater latency to light compartment in the LDT when compared to the control group. Another animal model that presents intermittent stress and has been widely used is the constraint model of nest material. In this model, the reduction of nest material promotes disruption in maternal care and causes changes in the encephalic and behavioral development of offspring. ELS leads to an early onset of contextual fear inhibition and accelerated maturation of the hippocampus. We postulate that CORT plays a functional role in regulating the maturation time of the regions underlying the learning and expression of threats, including the hippocampus and amygdala. Our hypothesis is that changes in plasma CORT levels may affect the timed brain and behavioral maturation processes. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate how a CORT synthesis blocker (Metyrapone; MET) alters conditioned fear behavior and BDNF expression in animals reared under control conditions or submitted to the ELS model of limited nesting bed. Both in control and ELS groups included Naïve animals or animals that received vehicle or MET; 50 mg/kg in P12. In P18, P21 or P28 independent groups of mice were exposed to a single session of fear conditioning, followed 24 hours later by a single context test. Analysis of the freezing behavior in the context test revealed that MET treatment blocked the acceleration of contextual fear suppression at P22 induced by ELS, with no difference between the P19 or P29 groups. This effect was observed mainly in female mice. Interestingly, in control male pups treated with MET, there was an altered contextual fear developmental curve. MET showed significant reduction in freezing in PND22, increase in freezing in PND29 followed by delayed suppression in P39. We observed that MET behavioural data were further supported by BDNF expression in limbic regions (ventral hippocampal and basolateral amygdala). Based on the current results, CORT probably plays an important role at the time of typical development and changes associated with ELS in the behavior and maturation of the brain. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterized by a persistent predisposition to epileptic seizures, and by neurobiological, cognitive, psychological and social consequences. Depression is a very common psychiatric comorbidity in patients with epilepsy. Increasingly data suggest that epilepsy, depression and other possible psychiatric disorders such as anxiety share pathogenic mechanisms. In this sense, abnormalities in the WAR strain (Wistar Audiogenic Rat) have been found that make it an interesting model for the study of stress, Epilepsy and neuropsychiatric comorbidities involved. Based on this, the present study aimed to evaluate in the WAR strain: 1. Maternal care under control and under stress conditions 2. Basal depressive type behaviors and after audiogenic kindling (chronic seizures-KAu).xvi Godoy, L.D. There was no difference for active breastfeeding posture, licking/grooming or time of mother in the nest and in the number of attacks and aggressive behaviors in maternal aggression test. WAR rats showed a higher latency to recover pup in pup retrieval test, whereas 100% of the Wistar rats grouped the entire litter, and in WAR it was only 40%. 2. In order to evaluate the depressive type behaviors, the rats were submitted to 20 acoustic stimuli twice a day (AuK) (Wistar-AuK, WAR-AuK), while the respective control groups remained without stimulus (Wistar, WAR). Subsequently, the groups were submitted to sucrose consumption test (SCT) and forced swim test (FST). There was no difference between the WAR and Wistar groups in the SCT, however the WAR-KAu group presented an increase in sucrose consumption in relation to the control groups 3 or 13 dasy after the AuK. In FST, both WAR and WARKAu groups showed a significant decrease in the test session when compared to Wistar. Taken together, these findings indicate that ELS may induce susceptibility to psychiatric comorbidities associated with stress, and that the current experimental models allow investigating how the effects of glucocorticoids are related to neurodevelopment, specifically in the maturation of fear behavior and limbic structures. In addition, preliminary data indicate that, although the WAR strain does not show maternal behavioral differences at baseline, it may present changes under stressful events. Also, based on the findings, the susceptibility of seizures may be related to changes in behavioral strategies in stressful situations in adult life, which may also constitute vulnerability to psychiatric comorbidities.

Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos do Hatha Yoga em estresse, ansiedade, depressão e qualidade de vida de mulheres climatéricas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental, com abordagem analítica de ensaio controlado antes-edepois realizado no Centro Médico Social Comunitário (CMSC) Vila Lobato em Ribeirão Preto - SP, no período de julho a novembro de 2016. Foram incluídas no estudo mulheres entre 40 e 65 anos, que se consideravam estressadas, ansiosas ou depressivas e que desejavam praticar Yoga. Foram excluídas mulheres em fase aguda de qualquer condição clínica, grávidas, não alfabetizadas, não residentes em Ribeirão Preto, e que tinham praticado Yoga nos últimos seis meses. O período de intervenção foi de nove semanas. As participantes responderam um questionário sócio-demográfico para caracterização da amostra, e dois instrumentos: Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (EADS-21) para avaliar os níveis de estresse, ansiedade e depressão e Utian Quality of Life Scale (UQOL-BR) para avaliar a qualidade de vida no climatério. Ambos instrumentos foram aplicados em dois momentos; antes da primeira intervenção e uma semana após a última intervenção. Resultados: Um total de 27 participantes completaram todas as etapas do estudo com frequência média de 8,2 ± 0,7 aulas. As mulheres tinham em média 54,0± 8,0 anos. De acordo com o instrumento EADS-21, houve redução nos escores de depressão (Diferença das Médias: 2,7 IC95% 0,5 ; 4,9), ansiedade (Diferença das Médias: 1,5 IC95% 0,0 ; 3,1) e estresse (Diferença das Médias: 4,7 IC95% 3,3 ; 6,2). Quanto aos domínios de qualidade de vida avaliados no instrumento UQOL, observouse melhora no escore total de qualidade de vida (Diferença das Médias: -8,4 IC?95% -12,1 ; -4,5), nos aspectos ocupacional (Diferença das Médias: -2,8 IC?95% -4,4 ; - 1,2), saúde (Diferença das Médias: -2,8 IC? 95% -4,2 ; -1,3) e emocional (Diferença das Médias: -2,1 IC? 95% -3,7 ; -0,5). Não houve diferença no aspecto sexual de qualidade de vida (Diferença das Médias: -0,4 IC? 95% -1,4 ; 0,5). Ao analisar osresultados do EADS-21 na primeira etapa de coleta, foi identificado que 10 participantes não apresentavam escores compatíveis com estresse, ansiedade ou depressão. Logo foi realizado uma análise com 17 mulheres do grupo que tinham EADS-21 mostrando algum nível de estresse, ansiedade e depressão. O resultado do EADS-21 para esse subgrupo mostrou que houve melhora significativa nos níveis depressão (Dif. Médias: 4,2, IC 95% 0,9;7,5), ansiedade (Dif. Médias: 2,9 IC 95% 0,7;5,0) e estresse (Dif. Médias: 6,3 IC 95% 4,4;8,2). Quanto a melhora da qualidade de vida, a análise dos resultados do questionário UQOL-BR, apresentou melhora significativa no escore total de qualidade de vida (Dif. Médias -6,3 IC 95% -11,7;-0,2) e no aspecto emocional (Antes: 20,3 ± 1,1; Depois: 22,8 ± 0,7; Dif. Médias -2,5 IC 95% -4,8;-0,2). Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que um programa de Hatha Yoga pode contribuir para a redução de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em mulheres no climatério com melhora na qualidade de vida. / Objectives: Objectives: To evaluate the effects of Hatha Yoga on stress, anxiety, depression and quality of life of climacteric women. Methods: This is a quasiexperimental study, with an analytical approach of a before-and-after controlled trial conducted at the \"Centro Médico Social Comunitário (CMSC) Vila Lobato\" in Ribeirão Preto, SP, from July to November 2016. Women aged 40 to 65 years, who considered themselves stressed, anxious or depressed and who wanted to practice Yoga, were included in the study. Women in the acute phase of any clinical condition, pregnant, non-literate, not resident in Ribeirão Preto, and who had practiced Yoga in the last six months were excluded. The intervention period was nine weeks. The participants answered a socio-demographic questionnaire and were assessed through the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (EADS-21) and the Utian Quality of Life Scale (UQOL-BR). Both instruments were applied before the first and after the last Yoga class. Results: A total of 27 participants completed all proposed Yoga classes. The women had on average 54.0 ± 8.0 years. According to the EADS-21 instrument, there was a reduction in the depression scores (Mean Difference: 2.7 IC95% 0.5; 4.9), anxiety (Mean Difference: 1.5 95% CI 0.0 ; 3.1) and stress (Mean Difference: 4.7 IC95% 3.3, 6.2). Regarding the domains of quality of life evaluated in the UQOL instrument, there was an improvement in the total quality of life score (Mean Difference: -8.4 IC?95% -12.1; -4.5), in the occupational aspects (Mean Difference: -2.8 IC?95% - 4,4; -1,2), health (Mean Difference: -2.8 IC? 95% -4,2; -1,3) and emotional (Mean Difference: -2.1 IC 95% -3.7, -0.5). There was no difference in the sexual aspect of quality of life (Mean Difference: -0.4 IC? 95% -1.4; 0.5). Ten participants did not present increased EADS-21 before the intervention. A subgroup analysis of women with initial EADS-21 suggesting increased stress, anxiety and depression was performed. This subgroup analysis showed that there was a significant improvement in the EADS-21 domains: depression (Mean Difference: 4.2, 95% CI 0.9, 7.5), anxiety (MeanDifference: 2.9, CI 95% 0.7, 5.0) and stress (Mean Difference: 6.3, 95% CI 4.4, 8.2). Regarding the improvement of the quality of life, the analysis of the results of the UQOL-BR questionnaire showed a significant improvement in the total quality of life score (Mean Difference -6.3, CI 95% -11.7; -0.2) and in the emotional aspect (Before: 20.3 ± 1.1, After: 22.8 ± 0.7, Mean Difference -2.5 IC 95% -4.8, -0.2). Conclusion: The results suggest that a Hatha Yoga program may contribute to the reduction of depression, anxiety and stress in climacteric women with improvement in quality of life

Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos do Hatha Yoga em estresse, ansiedade, depressão e qualidade de vida de mulheres climatéricas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental, com abordagem analítica de ensaio controlado antes-edepois realizado no Centro Médico Social Comunitário (CMSC) Vila Lobato em Ribeirão Preto - SP, no período de julho a novembro de 2016. Foram incluídas no estudo mulheres entre 40 e 65 anos, que se consideravam estressadas, ansiosas ou depressivas e que desejavam praticar Yoga. Foram excluídas mulheres em fase aguda de qualquer condição clínica, grávidas, não alfabetizadas, não residentes em Ribeirão Preto, e que tinham praticado Yoga nos últimos seis meses. O período de intervenção foi de nove semanas. As participantes responderam um questionário sócio-demográfico para caracterização da amostra, e dois instrumentos: Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (EADS-21) para avaliar os níveis de estresse, ansiedade e depressão e Utian Quality of Life Scale (UQOL-BR) para avaliar a qualidade de vida no climatério. Ambos instrumentos foram aplicados em dois momentos; antes da primeira intervenção e uma semana após a última intervenção. Resultados: Um total de 27 participantes completaram todas as etapas do estudo com frequência média de 8,2 ± 0,7 aulas. As mulheres tinham em média 54,0± 8,0 anos. De acordo com o instrumento EADS-21, houve redução nos escores de depressão (Diferença das Médias: 2,7 IC95% 0,5 ; 4,9), ansiedade (Diferença das Médias: 1,5 IC95% 0,0 ; 3,1) e estresse (Diferença das Médias: 4,7 IC95% 3,3 ; 6,2). Quanto aos domínios de qualidade de vida avaliados no instrumento UQOL, observouse melhora no escore total de qualidade de vida (Diferença das Médias: -8,4 IC?95% -12,1 ; -4,5), nos aspectos ocupacional (Diferença das Médias: -2,8 IC?95% -4,4 ; - 1,2), saúde (Diferença das Médias: -2,8 IC? 95% -4,2 ; -1,3) e emocional (Diferença das Médias: -2,1 IC? 95% -3,7 ; -0,5). Não houve diferença no aspecto sexual de qualidade de vida (Diferença das Médias: -0,4 IC? 95% -1,4 ; 0,5). Ao analisar osresultados do EADS-21 na primeira etapa de coleta, foi identificado que 10 participantes não apresentavam escores compatíveis com estresse, ansiedade ou depressão. Logo foi realizado uma análise com 17 mulheres do grupo que tinham EADS-21 mostrando algum nível de estresse, ansiedade e depressão. O resultado do EADS-21 para esse subgrupo mostrou que houve melhora significativa nos níveis depressão (Dif. Médias: 4,2, IC 95% 0,9;7,5), ansiedade (Dif. Médias: 2,9 IC 95% 0,7;5,0) e estresse (Dif. Médias: 6,3 IC 95% 4,4;8,2). Quanto a melhora da qualidade de vida, a análise dos resultados do questionário UQOL-BR, apresentou melhora significativa no escore total de qualidade de vida (Dif. Médias -6,3 IC 95% -11,7;-0,2) e no aspecto emocional (Antes: 20,3 ± 1,1; Depois: 22,8 ± 0,7; Dif. Médias -2,5 IC 95% -4,8;-0,2). Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que um programa de Hatha Yoga pode contribuir para a redução de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em mulheres no climatério com melhora na qualidade de vida. / Objectives: Objectives: To evaluate the effects of Hatha Yoga on stress, anxiety, depression and quality of life of climacteric women. Methods: This is a quasiexperimental study, with an analytical approach of a before-and-after controlled trial conducted at the \"Centro Médico Social Comunitário (CMSC) Vila Lobato\" in Ribeirão Preto, SP, from July to November 2016. Women aged 40 to 65 years, who considered themselves stressed, anxious or depressed and who wanted to practice Yoga, were included in the study. Women in the acute phase of any clinical condition, pregnant, non-literate, not resident in Ribeirão Preto, and who had practiced Yoga in the last six months were excluded. The intervention period was nine weeks. The participants answered a socio-demographic questionnaire and were assessed through the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (EADS-21) and the Utian Quality of Life Scale (UQOL-BR). Both instruments were applied before the first and after the last Yoga class. Results: A total of 27 participants completed all proposed Yoga classes. The women had on average 54.0 ± 8.0 years. According to the EADS-21 instrument, there was a reduction in the depression scores (Mean Difference: 2.7 IC95% 0.5; 4.9), anxiety (Mean Difference: 1.5 95% CI 0.0 ; 3.1) and stress (Mean Difference: 4.7 IC95% 3.3, 6.2). Regarding the domains of quality of life evaluated in the UQOL instrument, there was an improvement in the total quality of life score (Mean Difference: -8.4 IC?95% -12.1; -4.5), in the occupational aspects (Mean Difference: -2.8 IC?95% - 4,4; -1,2), health (Mean Difference: -2.8 IC? 95% -4,2; -1,3) and emotional (Mean Difference: -2.1 IC 95% -3.7, -0.5). There was no difference in the sexual aspect of quality of life (Mean Difference: -0.4 IC? 95% -1.4; 0.5). Ten participants did not present increased EADS-21 before the intervention. A subgroup analysis of women with initial EADS-21 suggesting increased stress, anxiety and depression was performed. This subgroup analysis showed that there was a significant improvement in the EADS-21 domains: depression (Mean Difference: 4.2, 95% CI 0.9, 7.5), anxiety (MeanDifference: 2.9, CI 95% 0.7, 5.0) and stress (Mean Difference: 6.3, 95% CI 4.4, 8.2). Regarding the improvement of the quality of life, the analysis of the results of the UQOL-BR questionnaire showed a significant improvement in the total quality of life score (Mean Difference -6.3, CI 95% -11.7; -0.2) and in the emotional aspect (Before: 20.3 ± 1.1, After: 22.8 ± 0.7, Mean Difference -2.5 IC 95% -4.8, -0.2). Conclusion: The results suggest that a Hatha Yoga program may contribute to the reduction of depression, anxiety and stress in climacteric women with improvement in quality of life

O desenvolvimento humano, presente desde a formação primária do indivíduo é constituído pelo conjunto das experiências vividas durante infância, incluindo as experiências de estresse precoce. Tais vivências repercutem nas ações do sujeito, podendo ser importante no aparecimento da depressão. Objetivos: explorar e analisar o significado do Estresse Precoce para portadores de depressão e construir um modelo teórico sobre o fenômeno estudado; caracterizar a amostra quanto às características sociodemográficas e de saúde; explorar e analisar, à luz do Interacionismo Simbólico, o significado do estresse precoce entre adultos portadores de depressão. Método: Estudo qualitativo que teve como referencial teórico norteador o Interacionismo Simbólico e como referencial metodológico a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Os participantes desse estudo foram portadores de depressão que vivenciaram Estresse Precoce, recrutados no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial - CAPS III do interior paulista. Instrumentos utilizados: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire -CTQ, questionário sociodemográfico e entrevista em profundidade. O número de participantes foi se configurando conforme a análise da teoria emergente (amostragem teórica), totalizando 12 participantes. Resultados: a análise dos dados permitiu identificar o modelo teórico \"Caminhando entre a infância traumática e a vida adulta com depressão\". Sete categorias estruturaram a experiência relatada pelos participantes do estudo: \"Vivenciando o Estresse Precoce\"; \"Sentindo diferenciação de tratamento dentro no núcleo familiar\"; \"Percebendo a distribuição de papeis dentro do núcleo familiar\"; \"Construindo a si próprio\"; \"Aliando-se à passividade frente a incapacidade de decisões\"; \"Percebendo comportamentos nos pais e em si próprio\" e \"Vivenciando a depressão\". Conclusões: o estudo permitiu identificar um modelo teórico que simbolizou a forma como as vivências foram compreendidas pelos próprios sujeitos e como o significado de cada experiência foi se entrelaçando na composição do ser, moldando seu conjunto de símbolos, sendo expresso em sentimentos, percepções e comportamentos. O modelo teórico contribuiu para a compreensão dos significados construídos e as condições que afetam o indivíduo desde a infância traumática até a depressão na idade adulta / Human development, present since the primary formation of the individual, consists of all the lived experiences during childhood, including the early life stress experiences. Such experiences have repercussions on the subject actions, and may be important in the depression onset. Objectives: To explore and to analyze the meaning of early life stress in adulthood with depression and to construct a theoretical model about the phenomenon; To characterize the sample regarding sociodemographic and health characteristics; to explore and to analyze, in the according to Symbolic Interactionism, the meaning of early life stress among adults with depression. Method: Qualitative study that had as a guiding theoretical referential the Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory as a methodological referential. The study participants were depressive individuals who experienced early life stress, recruited at the Center for Psychosocial Care - CAPS III in inner city of São Paulo, Brazil. Instruments: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - CTQ, sociodemographic questionnaire and in-depth interview. The participants number was configured according to the analysis of the emerging theory (theoretical sampling), totaling 12 participants. Results: Data analysis allowed the identification of the theoretical model \"Walking between traumatic childhood and adulthood with depression\". Seven categories structures the experience: \"Experiencing early life stress\"; \"Feeling treatment differentiation within the family nucleus\"; \"Perceiving the distribution of characters within the family\"; \"Building Yourself\"; \"Allying to passivity in the face of inability to make decisions\"; \"Perceiving behaviors in parents and in yorurself\" and \"Experiencing depression\". Conclusions: the study allowed to identify a theoretical model that symbolized the way as the experiences were understood by the individuals and how the meaning of each experience was interlaced in the composition of being, shaping its set of symbols, being expressed in feelings, perceptions and behaviors. The theoretical model contributed to the understanding of the raised meanings and the conditions that affect the individual from traumatic childhood to depression in adulthood

The purpose of this study was to examine general life stressors and emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies as prospective predictors of psychological distress in a sample of 209, low-income, urban, HIV-positive, African-American women. A secondary aim was to determine whether coping strategies mediated the relationship between life stressors and psychological distress. This study involved a secondary data analysis from a longitudinal National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded, randomized, family therapy efficacy study (Structural Ecosystems Therapy [SET]; Szapocznik et al., 2004). Participants completed self-report measures, including the Brief Symptom Inventory, Brief Cope (adapted), and Difficult Life Circumstances, as measures of psychological distress, problem-focused and emotion-focused coping, and general life stressors, respectively. These measures were completed at baseline, and at 3, 6, 9, and 18-month follow-up assessments. Results from longitudinal, cross-lagged, path model analyses provided some modest support regarding the hypothesis relating amount of life stressors to subsequent level of psychological distress symptoms. Results of the coping path models failed to support the hypotheses relating problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping to subsequent distress (Hypotheses 2 and 3). Furthermore, the lack of direct associations between coping strategies and distress prohibited the examination of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies as possible mediators in the relationship between life stressors and psychological distress. Results and implications are discussed.