The number of the radio stations reached 208 high at 2008 since they were allowed to apply for the operating licence in 1993, according to statistics of the National Communications Commission. However, the radio stations are facing intense competition with blooming on-line radio stations. Therefore, how to retain loyalty of audience is an important issue for all the radio stations. This study is to explore the correlation of audience personality, life style and the loyalty to the pop-music radio stations. Also it investigates whether a person¡¦s inner-attribute and outer-behavior are related to his loyalty of a pop-music radio station. We used on-line questionnaires and purposive sampling of Kaoshiung residents. We hope that the results of this study would benefit administrative managers for the pop-music radio stations to understand the station¡¦s advantages, the needs of the audiences, and to manage the audiences¡¦ loyalties effectively in the competitive environment. The method of collected data is by using on-line questionnaires and purposive sampling of Kaoshiung residents. Among 241 samples, 236 were effective and 5 samplers were non-listeners to any radio station. After the data anlaysis based on factor theory, the samples were sorted in five different personality traits including agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness and neuroticism. The statistical results show that the number of the audiences possessing agreeableness is the greatest, followings conscientiousness, openness, extraversion, and finally neuroticism. Also the audiences emphasize on the achievement pursuit, following amusement, media attentiveness, topicality interest, job emphasis, spending efficiency, and plan deliberation. The audiences possess the loyalty of the radio station which doesn¡¦t show any differences because of diverse personalities or life styles, and the attitude loyalty is higer than the behavior loyalty.

Taiwan has entered the aging era, after the post-war baby boomers, it is ready to enter the era of the old generation. In recent years, the official statistic has indicated that the proportions of ¡§parents living with their spouse¡¨ are decreasing. Does the statistic indicate that the acceptance of the old generations to live in the elderly residential or nursing home increased? To revaluate the problem, this study distinguished five kinds of living patterns for the old generations scaling with a quantitative life- style pattern, and distributes 392 valid questionnaires for Kaohsiung City's 40-year-old to 59-year-old middle-aged civil servants and teachers. Not only does the research shows the correlations between demographic variables and the preferences of residential patterns, but it also classifies civil servants and teachers of Kaohsiung into four categories¡G ¡§knowledge-LOHOS Group¡¨, ¡§conservative family group¡¨, ¡§easy-going group¡¨ and ¡§active independent group¡¨ . The results showed the accepted level for the five kinds of residential patterns for the old generations have increased; the most favorite and the most likely living type are ¡§living alone or only living with one¡¦s spouse¡¨ and ¡§with children in the same neighborhood¡¨, ¡§elderly residential¡¨ and ¡§live with their children¡¨ are in the second place, and last is the ¡§nursing homes¡¨. And by the independent samples T-test, one-way ANOVA and two variables correlation analysis showed that the preferences of five kinds of residential patterns have significantly related with the ¡§age¡¨, ¡§gender¡¨, ¡§educational level¡¨, ¡§total household monthly income¡¨ , etc. Besides, ¡§active independent group¡¨ is the most acceptable group to stay in elderly residential and nursing homes, but is unwilling to live in the same neighborhood. The ¡§knowledge-LOHOS Group¡¨ like living with their children in the same neighborhood than ¡§active independent group¡¨ do, and it is more likely for the group to live in the same neighborhood than ¡§conservative family group¡¨ do. Finally, this study proposes some recommendations to the operators of the elderly residential and nursing homes, for instance, when the proportion, ¡§with their children in the same neighborhood¡¨ and ¡§living alone or living with their spouse¡¨, have increased for the middle-aged people, it means that the government should have more active and effective strategies in facing the care network of general residential and community. In addition to regard the ¡§active independent group¡¨ as a target market, it also needs to take other groups¡¦ need into account.

Analizuojant mokslinę literatūrą buvo aptarti politiniai, ekonominiai ir socialiniai veiksniai, kurie įtakoja migracijos mechanizmo vyksmą ir lemia migracijos modelius. Atgavus Lietuvos nepriklausomybę prasidėjo spartus socialinio- ekonominio mechanizmo kitimas, kuris paskatino migraciją. Lietuvos valstybė su rimta išvykstančių piliečių problema susidūrė 2005m. po įstojimo į Europos Sąjungą, kai buvo pašalintos kliūtys, kurios varžė samdomų darbuotojų judėjimą. Lietuviai ėmė emigruoti į ekonomiškai nusistovėjusią ir užtikrinančią socialines garantijas Jungtinę Karalystę. Didžiojoje Britanijoje Lietuvos emigrantai patenka į socialines klases, pagal kurias gyvena atitinkamą gyvenimo būdą. Šiuo pagrindu buvo atliktas lietuvių Anglijoje gyvenimo būdo tyrimas, kuris rėmėsi emigrantų darbo, edukacijos , buities ir laisvalaikio analize. Gauti rezultatai parodė, kad lietuviai Anglijoje priklauso darbininkų klasei bei atitinkami demografiniai faktoriai ( lytis, amžius, išsilavinimas, šeimyninė padėtis ir pragyventas laikotarpis šalyje) turi įtakos lietuvių emigrantų gyvenimo būdo raiškai. / The analysis of scientific literature discuses political, economical and social factors that influences the process of migration mechanism and determines migration models. Rapid socio- economical changes begun after Lithuania got its independence. That influenced increased migration process. After joining Euro Union in 2005, Lithuanian Government met significantly risen migration problems because of eliminated abstrictions that restricted hired manpower movement before. That is when Lithuanian people started emigrating to economically stable and socially secure England. Lithuanian emigrants in Great Britain get in to social rank stratification that determines certain life style. Considering that fact the research of Lithuanian people life style in England was accomplished. This was based on emigrants work, education, daily life and leisure analysis. The hypothesis- Lithuanian emigrants in Great Britain depend on laborers, was confirmed:  Although Lithuanian emigrants have professions and education, in England they work long hours and do physically difficult jobs that does not require education.  It is common to eat home made food and unusual to go to restaurants/ cafés. Lithuanian emigrants shop in supermarkets where food is cheaper.  They use public transport and rent accommodation that does not satisfy their needs. Another hypothesis- There is connection between the expression of emigrants life style and demographical factors( gender, age, education, family... [to full text]

Bakgrund: Livsstilsrelaterad ohälsa är ett stort samhällsproblem både i Sverige och i övriga världen. Sjukvården står inför en stor utmaning att komma till rätta med de sjukdomar och det lidande som orsakas av en ohälsosam livsstil. Sjuksköterskor har en viktig roll i mötet och behandlingen av patienter som lider av livsstilsrelaterad ohälsa. Motiverande samtal är en klinisk praktiserad och erkänd metod för att hjälpa människor att ändra sitt beteende.   Syfte: Att belysa sjuksköterskans användning och erfarenhet av motiverande samtal i praktiken med patienter som är i behov av livsstilsförändring.    Metod: Metoden som använts är litteraturöversikt. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar har granskats och använts för att besvara syftet.   Resultat: I resultatet framkom två huvudteman. Det första temat, hur MI används, beskriver vikten av utbildning och hur utbildning i MI står i relation till det kliniska användandet samt i vilken utsträckning MI-metoden används. Det andra temat, erfarenheter, beskriver sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att arbeta med MI.   Diskussion: Diskussionen fördes utifrån Rosemarie Rizzo Parses teori om Human becoming och relevant litteratur.

Diss. Linköping : Univ., 2001.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Introdução: O vitiligo é uma doença da pele frequente que afeta cerca de 1% da população em todo o mundo. Ocorre em pessoas de qualquer idade ou etnia, e mais da metade dos pacientes desenvolvem a doença antes dos 20 anos de idade. O vitiligo pode afetar negativamente a qualidade de vida (QoL) do paciente. Um questionário de qualidade de vida específico para vitiligo foi desenvolvido e validado na língua inglesa: the vitiligo-specific quality-of-life instrument (VitiQoL). Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a QoL em pacientes adultos com o VitiQoL e o DLQI e pediátricos com o CDLQI em uma amostra de pacientes com vitiligo no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Na primeira etapa, o instrumento foi traduzido, adaptado culturalmente e validado para o português falado no Brasil (VitiQoL-PB). Após, foram incluídos pacientes selecionados no Ambulatório de Dermatologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre e numa clínica privada de Porto Alegre. Foi realizada amostragem de conveniência de casos consecutivos. A qualidade de vida de pacientes pediátricos foi avaliada com o questionário CDLQI. Em pacientes adultos foram aplicados o VitiQoL – PB e o DLQI. Resultados: Observou-se uma forte correlação entre os escores do total de VitiQoL e o DLQI (r = 0,81; p <0,001). O fator que mais contribuiu para a pontuação final do VitiQoL foi estigma. Em nossa amostra, as mulheres apresentaram escores mais elevados do que os homens (p <0,05). Problemas psiquiátricos foram associados com uma pior qualidade de vida. Na população pediátrica, a mediana do escore do CDLQI foi 3 (intervalo interquartil 1,3-7,3). Houve uma correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a idade da criança e o escore no CDLQI (rs = 0,41, p = 0,044). Não houve diferença entre meninos e meninas (p = 0,219). Conclusão: Este estudo confirma não só que o VitiQoL é fácil de administrar, como também, acrescenta informações importantes sobre o impacto do vitiligo na América do Sul. Instrumentos genéricos são úteis e permitem comparações com outras dermatoses, mas não são suficientemente específicos para detectar nuances na maneira como os pacientes lidam com o vitiligo. A autoestima dos pacientes é muito afetada e a estigmatização está bastante presente. Há grupos de pacientes que são mais vulneráveis ao impacto da doença, como as mulheres, os adolescentes e os pacientes com doenças psiquiátricas. / Background: Vitiligo is a common skin disease that has been reported to affect approximately 1 % of the population worldwide. It affects people of any age or ethnicity, more than half of who develop it before the age of 20 years. Vitiligo can negatively affect patient’s quality of life (QoL). A specific questionnaire for vitiligo has been developed and validated in the English language: the vitiligo-specific quality-of-life instrument (VitiQoL). Objective: The aim of this study was to access the QoL in adult patients through VitiQoL and DLQI and pediatric patients through CDLQI in a sample of patients with vitiligo in Southern Brazil. Methods: In the first phase of the study the instrument was translated, cultural adapted and validated into Brazilian Portuguese (VitiQoL-PB). Then patients were selected from a Dermatological Outpatient Clinic from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and from a Private Practice in Porto Alegre. In this study, we used convenience sampling of consecutive cases. The QoL of pediatric patients was performed using the CDLQI questionnaire. In adult patients we applied the VitiQoL – PB and the DLQI. Results: A strong correlation between the scores of the total VitiQoL and DLQI was observed (r = 0.81; p <0.001). The factor that most contributed to the final score of VitiQoL was stigma. In our sample, women had higher scores than men (p<0,05). Psychiatric problems were associated with lower QoL. In the pediatric population, the median score of CDLQI was 3 (interquartile range 1.3 to 7.3). There was a statistically significant correlation between the child's age and the score on CDLQI (rs = 0.41, p = 0.044). There was no difference between boys and girls (p = 0.219). Conclusion: This study confirms that VitiQoL is easy to administer and adds important information about the impact of vitiligo on a South American population. Generic instruments are useful and allow comparisons with other dermatoses, but are not specific enough to detect nuances in how patients deal with the overall vitiligo burden. Self-esteem of patients is greatly affected and stigmatization is very present in the disease. There are groups of patients that are more vulnerable to the impact of the disease, like women, patients with psychiatric diseases and adolescents.

The goal of the diploma thesis is comparison between vegetarianism and healthy lifestyle of adolescents. The theoretical part is focused on related bibliography. The vegetarianism is described from its beginning to nowadays. Also the phenomenon of healthy lifestyle and characteristics of important stage of life {--} adolescent are described. The second part is focused on the comparison itself. Comparison was performed on questionnaire placed on websites. Obtained data were statistically analysed by Statistica 7 and WEKA applications. Results from both methods proved that non-vegetarians part of population consume more alcohol and smokes more than the vegetarians part of population.

Introdução: O vitiligo é uma doença da pele frequente que afeta cerca de 1% da população em todo o mundo. Ocorre em pessoas de qualquer idade ou etnia, e mais da metade dos pacientes desenvolvem a doença antes dos 20 anos de idade. O vitiligo pode afetar negativamente a qualidade de vida (QoL) do paciente. Um questionário de qualidade de vida específico para vitiligo foi desenvolvido e validado na língua inglesa: the vitiligo-specific quality-of-life instrument (VitiQoL). Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a QoL em pacientes adultos com o VitiQoL e o DLQI e pediátricos com o CDLQI em uma amostra de pacientes com vitiligo no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Na primeira etapa, o instrumento foi traduzido, adaptado culturalmente e validado para o português falado no Brasil (VitiQoL-PB). Após, foram incluídos pacientes selecionados no Ambulatório de Dermatologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre e numa clínica privada de Porto Alegre. Foi realizada amostragem de conveniência de casos consecutivos. A qualidade de vida de pacientes pediátricos foi avaliada com o questionário CDLQI. Em pacientes adultos foram aplicados o VitiQoL – PB e o DLQI. Resultados: Observou-se uma forte correlação entre os escores do total de VitiQoL e o DLQI (r = 0,81; p <0,001). O fator que mais contribuiu para a pontuação final do VitiQoL foi estigma. Em nossa amostra, as mulheres apresentaram escores mais elevados do que os homens (p <0,05). Problemas psiquiátricos foram associados com uma pior qualidade de vida. Na população pediátrica, a mediana do escore do CDLQI foi 3 (intervalo interquartil 1,3-7,3). Houve uma correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a idade da criança e o escore no CDLQI (rs = 0,41, p = 0,044). Não houve diferença entre meninos e meninas (p = 0,219). Conclusão: Este estudo confirma não só que o VitiQoL é fácil de administrar, como também, acrescenta informações importantes sobre o impacto do vitiligo na América do Sul. Instrumentos genéricos são úteis e permitem comparações com outras dermatoses, mas não são suficientemente específicos para detectar nuances na maneira como os pacientes lidam com o vitiligo. A autoestima dos pacientes é muito afetada e a estigmatização está bastante presente. Há grupos de pacientes que são mais vulneráveis ao impacto da doença, como as mulheres, os adolescentes e os pacientes com doenças psiquiátricas. / Background: Vitiligo is a common skin disease that has been reported to affect approximately 1 % of the population worldwide. It affects people of any age or ethnicity, more than half of who develop it before the age of 20 years. Vitiligo can negatively affect patient’s quality of life (QoL). A specific questionnaire for vitiligo has been developed and validated in the English language: the vitiligo-specific quality-of-life instrument (VitiQoL). Objective: The aim of this study was to access the QoL in adult patients through VitiQoL and DLQI and pediatric patients through CDLQI in a sample of patients with vitiligo in Southern Brazil. Methods: In the first phase of the study the instrument was translated, cultural adapted and validated into Brazilian Portuguese (VitiQoL-PB). Then patients were selected from a Dermatological Outpatient Clinic from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and from a Private Practice in Porto Alegre. In this study, we used convenience sampling of consecutive cases. The QoL of pediatric patients was performed using the CDLQI questionnaire. In adult patients we applied the VitiQoL – PB and the DLQI. Results: A strong correlation between the scores of the total VitiQoL and DLQI was observed (r = 0.81; p <0.001). The factor that most contributed to the final score of VitiQoL was stigma. In our sample, women had higher scores than men (p<0,05). Psychiatric problems were associated with lower QoL. In the pediatric population, the median score of CDLQI was 3 (interquartile range 1.3 to 7.3). There was a statistically significant correlation between the child's age and the score on CDLQI (rs = 0.41, p = 0.044). There was no difference between boys and girls (p = 0.219). Conclusion: This study confirms that VitiQoL is easy to administer and adds important information about the impact of vitiligo on a South American population. Generic instruments are useful and allow comparisons with other dermatoses, but are not specific enough to detect nuances in how patients deal with the overall vitiligo burden. Self-esteem of patients is greatly affected and stigmatization is very present in the disease. There are groups of patients that are more vulnerable to the impact of the disease, like women, patients with psychiatric diseases and adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to review the evidence linking maternal and paternal lifestyle habits in the preconception and prenatal period to adverse reproductive outcomes; to determine either the proportion of reproductive casualties which could be attributed to lifestyle risk, thus be amenable to prevention, or the information required to estimate the preventable portion of lifestyle-related reproductive casualties; and to examine a method for surveillance of reproductive health in the community which would provide the basis for a comprehensive information system suited to the needs of the research, planning, preventive medicine and health promotion communities. As a means of managing the size of the study report, only a representative set of lifestyles (smoking, alcohol consumption and nutrition) and research literature (major cohort and case-control studies in human populations) was reported in detail. A method was developed to review and describe the degree to which the evidence meets established criteria for causal association. The most recently available prevalence data for determining smoking, alcohol and nutritional risk, and incidence data for seven reproductive outcomes (infertility, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, infant mortality, congenital anomalies, fetal growth and morbidity) in the British Columbia population were used to calculate the preventable portion of reproductive casualties in this community. A review of the variables required, compared with the data available, provided the basis for recommendations regarding a reproductive health information system to support community surveillance, evaluation and research. The study supports the conclusion that there is evidence of a causal link between exposure to lifestyle risks and the majority of adverse reproductive outcomes selected as indicators of reproductive health. The calculation of the preventable portion (etiologic fraction) of lifestyle-related reproductive casualties in British Columbia suggests the preventable portion associated with single lifestyle risk variables may be in the range of 10-50 percent. A more extensive and up-to-date set of population data for British Columbia is required to determine an accurate estimate. The benefits to be derived from an improved information system were detailed in the study. Reproductive health data collected for British Columbia is primarily outcome oriented with very little input data on which to base rational planning decisions for the improvement of reproductive health outcomes. The study recommends that a more comprehensive reproductive health information system, with an integrated, linked data base, be considered a high priority by government and all institutions, agencies and individuals working to improve reproductive health outcomes in British Columbia. The potential to improve reproductive health is significant enough to warrant action at the clinical and community level, but additional data are required to plan cost-effective intervention strategies, to monitor improvements in reproductive health, and to support applied research initiatives. / Medicine, Faculty of / Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of / Graduate