Notre travail de thèse a été dédié à la synthèse et à la caractérisation bio-physicochimique de complexes osmium nitrosyle, qui pourraient relarguer l’oxyde nitrique (NO) au sein des cellules tumorales pour conjuguer les propriétés anticancéreuses souvent associés aux complexes du groupe du platine avec la toxicité de l’oxyde nitrique. Le premier chapitre de notre mémoire de thèse présente l’état de l’art dans le domaine des composés anticancéreux et le rôle de l’oxyde nitrique dans l’apoptose cellulaire. Le deuxième chapitre concerne la synthèse et la caractérisation de complexes d’azole (C)[Os(NO)Cl4(A)] (C = Bu4N+, Na+, HA+; A = indazole, pyrazole, benzimidazole, imidazole), où le plus cytotoxique est H2ind[cis-Os(NO)Cl4(indazole)]. Le troisième chapitre est consacré à l’étude cinétique et thermodynamique par RMN de l’isomérisation trans ↔ cis du complexe (Bu4N)[Os(NO)Cl4(indazole)] qui met en évidence un processus d’isomérisation de type dissociatif. Le quatrième chapitre concerne la synthèse et la caractérisation de complexes d’aminoacides (Bu4N)[Os(NO)Cl4(L)] (L = gly, picolinate, L-, D-pro) qui ont une très faible activité antiproliférative. Le dernier chapitre est consacré à la synthèse et à la caractérisation de clusters hétérométalliques [{Os(NO)Cl3(Ox)}4Ln] (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Y ; Ox=oxalate) dans lesquels la coordinance 8 ou 9 du lanthanide dépend de son rayon ionique. Le précurseur {Os(NO)Cl3(Ox)} a l’activité antiproliférative la plus élevée de tous les complexes osmium nitrosyle connus / The PhD thesis was dedicated to the synthesis and bio-physic-chemical characterization of osmium nitrosyl complexes which could release nitric oxide (NO) in tumor cells to combine the anticancer properties of the platinum group complexes and the nitric oxide cytotoxicity. The first chapter presents the state of the art in the field of anticancer compounds and the role of nitric oxide in the apoptosis. The second chapter concerns the synthesis and characterization of azole complexes with the general formulae (C)[Os(NO)Cl4(A)] (C = Bu4N+, Na+, HA+; A = indazole, pyrazole, benzimidazole, imidazole), where the most cytotoxic is H2ind[cis-Os(NO)Cl4(indazole)]. The third chapter focuses on the kinetic and thermodynamic study of the trans ↔ cis isomerisation of (Bu4N)[Os(NO)Cl4(indazole)] complex by NMR, which highlights a dissociative isomerisation process. The fourth chapter concerns the synthesis and the characterization of amino acids complexes with the general formulae (Bu4N)[Os(NO)Cl4(L)] (L = gly, picolinate, L-, D-pro) of whose antiproliferative activity is very low. The last chapter is dedicated to the synthesis and characterization of heterometallic clusters with the general formulae [{Os(NO)Cl3(Ox)}4Ln] (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Y ; Ox = oxalate), where the coordination number 8 or 9 depends on its ionic radius. The precursor {Os(NO)Cl3(Ox)} has the highest antiproliferative activity among of all osmium nitrosyl known so far

Ce travail porte sur la cristallochimie de polymères de coordination poreux, ou Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), pour la séparation et la catalyse énantiosélective. Les molécules chirales sont d'une importance capitale et jouent un rôle important dans la reconnaissance moléculaire. Il est donc nécessaire de pouvoir synthétiser un seul énantiomère ou de pouvoir séparer un mélange. La particularité des polymères de coordination à bénéficier d'une partie organique est la possibilité d'introduire des fragments chiraux dans la structure-même des matériaux. Nous avons décidé d'introduire la chiralité dans les MOFs par utilisation de ligands carboxylates originaux chiraux à cœur fluorène. Le premier chapitre de ce mémoire est consacré à l'étude bibliographique des MOFs avec une description des concepts de cette chimie qui permet de comprendre la stratégie mise en place dans cette étude. Le deuxième chapitre décrit la stratégie de synthèse des ligands ainsi que leurs caractérisations. Les trois chapitres suivants décrivent la synthèse, les structures cristallines et les caractérisations physico-chimiques de séries de MOFs regroupés par métal utilisé pour leur élaboration (Zn, Cd et Cu). Ces trois chapitres exposent les problématiques généralement rencontrées avec les MOFs, comme la perte de porosité par interpénétration des réseaux, et les stratégies mises en place pour les contourner, comme l'augmentation de la taille et de la fonctionnalité des ligands utilisés. Enfin la réactivité thermique et chimique des MOFs a été investiguée par diffraction des rayons X par la poudre afin de comprendre les mécanismes réactionnels et la création éventuelle de sites acides en vue d'applications en catalyse. Les techniques expérimentales sont détaillées dans le dernier chapitre de ce mémoire. Enfin un récapitulatif de cette étude est présenté afin de conclure sur la stratégie exposée dans ce mémoire et les perspectives offertes par cette étude. / This work deals with crystallochemistry of new porous coordination polymers or Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for enantioselective separation and catalysis. Chiral molecules are of a key role in molecular recognition as a consequence the ability to synthesize only one enantiomer or to separate a mixture is priority for chemistry. The particularity of coordination polymers to possess an organic part gives the possibility to introduce chiral fragments in the material structure. We decided to introduce chirality on MOFs by using originals chiral carboxylates ligands with fluorene core. The first chapter is devoted to the bibliographic study of porous coordination polymers. The second chapter describes the ligands synthesis strategy and characterizations. The next three chapters group the crystal structures and physicochemical characterizations of coordination polymers according to the metal used for their preparation (Zn, Cd et Cu). These three chapters explore also the general issues related to MOFs as the loss of porosity consequent to frameworks interpenetration, and strategies implemented to circumvent, such as increasing the size and functionality of the ligands used. Finally the thermal and chemical reactivity of MOFS has been investigated by powder X rays diffraction in order to understand reactions mechanisms and eventually the creation of acid sites for catalytic applications. The experimental technics are detailed in the last chapter. Finally a summary of this work closes this thesis showing the future perspectives of this work.

No description available.

6 Abstract The first part of this Thesis describes the preparation of a novel phosphanyl-ferrocene amine, Ph2PfcCH2NH2 (1; fc = 1,1'-ferrocendiyl) in two steps from the known aldehyde Ph2PfcCHO. An oxime Ph2PfcCH=NHOH was prepared firstly by a condensation reaction, and subsequently treated with Li[AlH4] to give the desired amine. The amine was converted into its more stable hydrochloride salt, Ph2PfcCH2NH3Cl. Derivatization of amine 1 was examined through the preparation of a series of phosphanyl-urea ligands Ph2PfcCH2NHC(E)NR1 R2 . Some of these compounds were also prepared via an alternative method employing reductive amination reaction. These donors and their Pd(II) complexes were evaluated in Pd-catalyzed reaction of arylbromides with K4[Fe(CN)6] in order to prepare corresponding benzonitrile derivatives using aqueous reaction solvents. The reaction proceeds with excellent yields and purity when 1 mol.% of Pd- catalyst is used (at 100 řC for 3 hours), especially for electron-rich bromobenzenes. Substrates with electron-withdrawing substituents react significantly slower and corresponding hydrolytic products (benzamides) are isolated. The coordination properties of phosphanyl-amine 1 were examined towards Cu(I) ions. Thus, reaction of 1 with [Cu(MeCN)4][BF4] provided bis-chelate complex [Cu(1- κ2...

Durante o desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso, as oscilações da concentração de cálcio intracelular livre resultam na proliferação celular, migração e diferenciação neuronal. Nesta tese foram investigadas a participação dos receptores ionotrópicos purinérgicos dos tipos P2X2 e P2X4 seletivos ao influxo de cálcio durante a diferenciação neuronal in vitro das células de carcinoma embrionário murino P19. Identificamos o padrão diferencial de expressão de receptores purinérgicos nas células indiferenciadas e neurônios P19. O receptor P2X4 é expresso durante toda a diferenciação neuronal e o receptor P2X2 é detectado na fase tardia da diferenciação em neurônios. Através de ensaios farmacológicos, foi possível identificar a participação dos receptores metabotropicos P2Y e do receptor P2X4 na formação dos corpos embriônicos, na proliferação celular e ou na determinação do fenótipo de progenitor neural. Durante a maturação neuronal os receptores P2X2 e P2Y1 participam da determinação do fenótipo neuronal glutamatérgico NMDA e os receptores P2X2 e P2Y2 no fenótipo neuronal colinérgico. A ausência de inibidores específicos e seletivos aos receptores purinérgicos levou-nos a empregar a técnica SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) a fim de identificar inibidores seletivos aos receptores P2X2 e P2X4. A técnica envolve a utilização da biblioteca combinatória randômica de RNA 2\'- F pirimidina modificadas resistentes a nucleases. Após 9 ciclos de seleção in vitro de SELEX (ciclo 9-P2X4), as sequências selecionadas mostraram-se seletivas a ligação somente ao receptor P2X4 e não aos receptores P2X2 ou P2X7 através de ensaios de ligação radioligante-receptor. Por patch clamping na configuração whole cell recording identificou-se que além de seletividade ao receptor, que a aplicação do RNA ciclo 9- P2X4 promoveu inibição da corrente ativada pelo ATP somente nos receptores P2X4 e não em P2X2 em celulas 1321N1 astrocitoma transfectadas. A incubação do RNA ciclo 9-P2X4 na concentração de 200 nM com as células no estágio indiferenciado inibiu a formação dos corpos embriônicos. Já utilização de 25 nM, resultou em mudanças morfológicas nas células diferenciadas. Estes dados corroboram com os dados farmacológicos que identificaram a participação do receptor P2X4 na diferenciação precoce. Após 11 ciclos P2X2 de seleção, identificou-se sequências com especificidade de ligação aos receptores P2X2. Aptâmeros, moleculas de RNA com sequência identificada e com alta afinidade ao alvo da seleção, foram isolados de ambas as bibliotecas, ciclo 9 P2X4 e ciclo 11 P2X2. A co-aplicação destes aptâmeros e ATP em ensaios de whole-cell recording resultou na inibição de 30 a 80% da corrente ativada pelo ATP nos receptores P2X2 ou P2X4. Estes testes em células PC12 de rato, que expressa os receptores endógenos, resultou em inibição da corrente ativada pelo ATP de modo semelhante. Além de termos desenvolvido aptâmeros como ferramentas para elucidar as funções dos receptores P2X2 e P2X4 durante o desenvolvimento, diferenciação, em processos fisiológicos e patológicos, estas moléculas resistentes a nucleases são as primeiras identificadas capazes de reconhecer, discernir e inibir dois subtipos de receptores purinérgicos sendo promissores para utilização terapêutica. / During the development of the nervous system, oscillations of intracellular calcium concentrations activate programs of gene expression resulting in proliferation, migration and neuronal differentiation of embryonic cells. In this thesis, the participation of ionotropic P2X2 and P2X4 receptor subtypes, whose receptor channels are highly permeable for calcium influx in the cells, was studied during the process of neuronal differentiation. We have identified differential gene expression of purinergic receptors in undifferentiated and neuronal-differentiated P19 cells. P2X4 receptor expression was present along neuronal differentiation of P19 cells, whereas P2X2 receptor expression was only detected when P19 cells became neurons. Based on purinergic receptor pharmacology we have determined the participation of P2X4 receptors in addition to metabotropic P2Y2 receptors in the formation of embryonic bodies as prerequisites for phenotype determination of P19 neural progenitor cells. Final neuronal maturation of P19 cells in the presence or absence of agonists or antagonists of purinergic receptors implicated the involvement of P2X2, P2Y1, and P2Y2 in the determination of the final neuronal phenotype, such as expression of NMDA-glutamate and cholinergic receptors. In order to further evaluate the functions of these P2X receptors and due to the absence of specific inhibitors for these receptor subtypes, we have used the SELEX technique (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) to select for specific inhibitors for P2X2 and P2X4 receptors. The 2\' -F-pyrimidine modified, nuclease- resistant combinatorial SELEX RNA pool enriched with inhibitors of P2X4 receptors following nine cycles of in vitro selection (cycle 9-P2X4) specifically interacted with P2X4 receptors and not with P2X2 or P2X7 receptors as verified in radioligand-receptor binding studies. Moreover, whole-cell recording measurements using astrocytoma cells expressing recombinant rat P2X2 or P2X4 receptors showed inhibition of P2X4 but not of P2X2 receptors by the selected RNA molecules. RNA molecules selected in vitro in 11 reiterative SELEX cycles using the P2X2 receptor as target specifically bound to membrane extracts containing recombinant P2X2 receptors. From both selected RNA libraries (against P2X4 and P2X2 receptors) aptamers, as RNA molecules with identified sequences and high-affinity binding, were identified by cloning and DNA sequencing. The presence of these aptamers in whole-cell recording experiments resulted in 30-80% inhibition of ATP-induced receptor activity and did not provoke any inhibitory effects on P2X receptors which had not been used as selection target. The activity of the aptamers selected using recombinant receptors as targets in inhibiting wild-type P2X4 or P2X2 receptors was verified in whole-cell recording experiments with PC12 cells which endogenously express both receptor subtypes. In addition of having developed aptamers as tools to elucidate P2X2 and P2X4 receptor functions during neuronal differentiation, these nuclease-resistant aptamers are suitable for in vivo use and may turn into therapeutics in the inhibition of purinergic receptor participation in pathophysiological conditions.

The objective of this project was the study of basic interaction processes in the systems actinide - clay organics - aquifer and actinide - natural clay - clay organics - aquifer. Thus, complexation, redox, sorption and diffusion studies were performed. To evaluate the influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur containing functional groups of humic acid (HA) on the complexation of actinides in comparison to carboxylic groups, the Am(III) and U(VI) complexation by model ligands was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy and TRLFS. The results show that Am(III) is mainly coordinated via carboxylic groups, however, probably stabilized by nitrogen groups. The U(VI) complexation is dominated by carboxylic groups, whereas nitrogen and sulfur containing groups play a minor role. Phosphorus containing groups may contribute to the U(VI) complexation by HA, however, due to their low concentration in HA they play only a subordinate role compared to carboxylic groups. Applying synthetic HA with varying sulfur contents (0 to 6.9 wt.%), the role of sulfur functionalities of HA for the U(VI) complexation and Np(V) reduction was studied. The results have shown that sulfur functionalities can be involved in U(VI) humate complexation and act as redox-active sites in HA for the Np(V) reduction. However, due to the low content of sulfur in natural HA, its influence is less pronounced. In the presence of carbonate, the U(VI) complexation by HA was studied in the alkaline pH range by means of cryo-TRLFS (-120°C) and ATR FT-IR spectroscopy. The formation of the ternary UO2(CO3)2HA(II)4− complex was detected. The complex formation constant was determined with log β0.1 M = 24.57 ± 0.17. For aqueous U(VI) citrate and oxalate species, luminescence emission properties were determined by cryo-TRLFS and used to determine stability constants. The existing data base could be validated. The U(VI) complexation by lactate, studied in the temperature range 7 to 65°C, was found to be endothermic and entropy-driven. In contrast, the complex stability constants determined for U(VI) humate complexation at 20 and 40°C are comparable, however, decrease at 60°C. For aqueous U(IV) citrate, succinate, mandelate and glycolate species stability constants were determined. These ligands, especially citrate, increase solubility and mobility of U(IV) in solution due to complexation. The U(VI) sorption onto crushed Opalinus Clay (OPA, Mont Terri, Switzerland) was studied in the absence and presence of HA or low molecular weight organic acids, in dependence on temperature and CO2 presence using OPA pore water as background electrolyte. Distribution coefficients (Kd) were determined for the sorption of U(VI) and HA onto OPA with (0.0222 ± 0.0004) m3/kg and (0.129 ± 0.006) m3/kg, respectively. The U(VI) sorption is not influenced by HA (50 mg/L), however, decreased by low molecular weight organic acids (> 1×10-5 M), especially by citrate and tartrate. With increasing temperature, the U(VI) sorption increases both in the absence and in the presence of clay organics. The U(VI) diffusion in compacted OPA is not influenced by HA at 25 and 60°C. Predictions of the U(VI) diffusion show that an increase of the temperature to 60°C does not accelerate the migration of U(VI). With regard to uranium-containing waste, it is concluded that OPA is suitable as host rock for a future nuclear waste repository since OPA has a good retardation potential for U(VI).

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

L’une des grandes directions de recherche dans la chimie moderne est la synthèse et l’étude denouveaux composés « commutables » capables de modifier leurs propriétés sous l’effet de stimuli extérieurs (température, lumière, champ magnétique ou électrique…). Ces systèmes peuvent stocker une information à l’échelle moléculaire. Dans ce contexte, parmi les systèmes les plus étudiés en chimie de coordination figurent les réseaux et les analogues moléculaires du bleu de Prusse. Cette thèse est dédiée à la synthèse et aux caractérisations de nouveaux analogues moléculaires du bleu de Prusse à transfert d’électron de type {Fe(µ-CN)M} (M = Fe, Mn, Co). Dans le premier chapitre sont présentées les familles de composés commutables à transfert d’électron par ordre décroissant de leur dimensionnalité, des systèmes 3D vers des systèmes discrets 0D. Le deuxième chapitre regroupe la synthèse et les caractérisations structurales, spectroscopiques, magnétiques, et électrochimiques de complexes-précurseurs de type [MII(LN5)]2+ et [FeIII(LN3/LN2)(CN)n]- (n = 2, 3) (LN5, LN3, LN2 étantdes ligands azotés penta-, tri- ou bidentes, respectivement) qui seront ensuite utilisés dans la synthèse des composés binucléaires. Le troisième chapitre présente la synthèse et les études structurales,spectroscopiques, magnétiques, optiques et électrochimiques de quatre nouveaux composés binucléaires paramagnétiques {FeIII(µ-CN)MII} (MII = Fe, Co). Enfin, le quatrième chapitre se focalise sur la synthèse et les propriétés spectroscopiques, magnétiques, photomagnétiques et électrochimiques de trois nouveaux complexes binucléaires diamagnétiques {FeII(µ-CN)CoIII} à transfert d’électron. / One of the main research directions of modern chemistry is the synthesis and study of new switchablecompounds which can change their properties under external stimuli (temperature, light, magnetic orelectric field…). These systems can store the information at the molecular level. In this contextamongst the most studied systems in coordination chemistry are the 3D networks and the molecularPrussian blue analogs. This thesis deals with the synthesis and characterizations of new{Fe(µ-CN)M} (M = Fe, Mn, Co) molecular Prussian blue analogs. In the first chapter electrontransfer compounds are described in order of decreasing of their dimensionality, from 3D to thediscrete 0D systems. The second chapter describes the synthesis and structural, spectroscopic,electrochemical and magnetic characterizations of [MII(LN5)]2+ precursors (MII = Fe, Mn, Co) and[FeIII(LN3/LN2)(CN)n]- (n = 2, 3) (LN5, LN3, LN2 - nitrogen-based penta-, tri- and bi-dentate ligands,respectively), which are used in the synthesis of the binuclear complexes. Chapter three presents thesynthesis and structural, magnetic, spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of four binuclearparamagnetic {FeIII(µ-CN)MII} complexes (MII = Fe, Co). Chapter four is focused on the synthesisand spectroscopic, magnetic, photomagnetic and electrochemical properties of three binucleardiamagnetic {FeII(µ-CN)CoIII} electron transfer complexes.

La molécule de méthane possède la liaison C-H la plus forte parmi les hydrocarbures (BDE = 104 kcal mol-1) : son oxydation en conditions douces représente un challenge d'importance. La Méthane Monoxygénase particulaire (pMMO) est une enzyme à cuivre qui catalyse l'oxydation du méthane (CH4) en méthanol (CH3OH). Le site actif de l'enzyme est composé d'atomes de cuivre séparés par 2.6 Å. Des recherches récentes suggèrent qu'un cluster Cu2 III,II/O2 à valence mixte soit un intermédiaire-clé du cycle catalytique. L'objectif de ce travail vise à la synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux complexes dinucléaires à valence mixte de type bis(µ-oxo)Cu2 III,II ou (µ-OH, µ-O)Cu2 III,II. Deux familles de motifs coordinants ont été mises en oeuvre, polypyridyle ou polyamide ; les deux sites sont assemblés par des ponts courts et rigides, phenoxo, naphthyridine ou alkoxo. De nouveaux complexes ont été caractérisés par électrochimie, spectroscopies UV-visible et RPE, et par des calculs théoriques. Un dispositif original de cryo-spectroélectrochimie UV-vis-NIR a été développé en parallèle de cette étude : il permet l'identification spectroscopique d'intermédiaires transitoires, réputés très instables à température ambiante. De nouveaux composés à valence mixte, Cu2 III,II(μ-OH, μ-O) et Cu2 III,IIbis(μ-OH) ont été identifiés. Ces résultats élargissent le champ des données de cette famille d'intermédiaires instables limitée jusqu'ici à un seul exemple. / Methane has the strongest C-H bond of any hydrocarbon (BDE = 104 kcal mol-1); its oxidation under mild conditions remains a great challenge. The particulate Methane Monooxygenase (pMMO) is a copper enzyme that oxides methane (CH4) to methanol (CH3OH). In the active site of the enzyme, two copper ions are located at a short distance (2.6 Å). Recent researches have suggested a mixed-valent Cu2III,II/O2 cluster as a key intermediate in the catalytic cycle. The main objective of this work was the synthesis and characterization of new mixed-valent CuIIICuII bis(μ-oxo) and (μ-OH, μ-O) dinuclear complexes. For this purpose we designed promising symmetrical and unsymmetrical complexes based on specific and distinct scaffolds for each side of the structure. Two families of coordination pattern have been used, polypyridyle or polyamide; the two sites are shortly and rigidly bridged by phenoxo, alkoxo or naphthyridine linkers. New complexes have been characterized by electrochemistry, UV-vis and EPR spectroscopies, and by theoretical calculations. A new cryo-UV-Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemical set up, developed in parallel during this work, has allowed the spectroscopic identification of these transient intermediate species, known to be unstable at room temperature. New mixed-valence Cu2 III,II(μ-OH, μ-O) and Cu2 III,IIbis(μ-OH) complexes have been characterized. These results expand the recent knowledge on the only mixed valent CuIII(μ-OH)CuII species described so far.

Ce travail de thèse a consisté à synthétiser de nouveaux chélateurs pour la complexation des ions métalliques d10 toxiques en milieu biologique, comme le cuivre (I), lorsqu'il est présent en excès dans les cellules, et le mercure (II), délétère à l'état de traces. En particulier, des tripodes à trois soufres, inspirés de tripodes fonctionnalisés par trois dérivés cystéine, développés antérieurement au laboratoire, ont été élaborés et leur propriétés de complexation avec le cuivre (I) ont été examinées. Comme les tripodes cystéines, les nouveaux tripodes fonctionnalisés par d'autres dérivés soufrés, en particulier des dérivés de D-Pénicillamine (D-PEN), sont capables de complexer le cuivre (I) dans des environnements CuS3 avec de fortes affinités et sélectivités par rapport au zinc (II) présent dans les milieux biologiques. Des études structurales approfondies effectuées par spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons X (XAS) ont permis de caractériser complètement les complexes et clusters de cuivre (I) formés, de corréler les mesures d'affinités effectuées en utilisant différentes techniques et de rationaliser les relations structure/ affinité observées. L'un des nouveaux tripodes a ensuite été fonctionnalisé pour être ciblé vers les cellules du foie, où une accumulation de cuivre est observée chez les patients atteints de la maladie de Wilson. Les premiers tests biologiques réalisés sur des cellules hépatiques ont montré que l'architecture fonctionnalisée ainsi conçue (CHEL4) est capable de complexer le cuivre (I) en excès in cellulo. Cette étude conforte les résultats obtenus antérieurement au laboratoire avec le tripode cystéine fonctionnalisé (CHEL2) et valide donc le système de vectorisation vers les hépatocytes. Les propriétés de complexation des nouveaux tripodes avec l'ion toxique mercure (II), plus gros et plus mou que l'ion cuivre (I), ont aussi été étudiées. Il a ainsi été établi que les nouveaux tripodes thiolates peuvent aussi stabiliser un environnement trigonal autour du mercure (II). Notre étude a donc montré comment des tripodes soufrés de faible poids moléculaire, judicieusement fonctionnalisés, peuvent accommoder des environnements trigonaux très stables autour des ions mous cuivre (I) et mercure (II). De tels environnements miment plus ou moins les sites trigonaux du cuivre (I) et du mercure (II) trouvés dans les protéines à cuivre (I) (Ctr1, Mac1, Ace 1, COX…), les protéines bactériennes de détoxification du mercure (II) (Mer-R), et les métallothionéines (MTs), petites protéines riches en cystéines qui complexent les ions métalliques en excès ou toxiques dans les cellules. Ces analogies avec les complexes métalliques biologiques permettent de rationnaliser les fortes affinités des nouveaux tripodes pour les ions mous cuivre (I) et mercure (II). Plus généralement, notre étude apporte des règles de design moléculaires pour concevoir des architectures efficaces dédiées à la détoxification des métaux mous en milieu biologiques. Mots clés : cuivre (I), zinc (II), mercure (II), maladie de Wilson, foie, surcharges métalliques, toxicité, chélateurs, tripodes soufrés, cystéine, D-pénicillamine (D-PEN), environnements trigonaux, protéines du cuivre (I), métallothionéines (MTs), Mer-R, Spectroscopie d'Absorption des rayons X (XAS). / This work consisted in the syntheses of new chelators for the binding of soft d10 metal ions in biological media, such as the copper (I) ion, toxic at high levels in the cells, and the mercury (II) ion, deleterious even at low concentrations. In particular, new suphur-based tripodal architectures, derived from the cysteine-based architectures previously designed at the laboratory, have been synthetized and their binding properties with the copper (I) ion have been looked into. As the cysteine-based scaffolds, the new chelators, based on new sulphur compounds, in particular D-Penicillamine (D-PEN) derivatives, complex the copper (I) ion in trigonal CuS3 environments with high affinities and high selectivities with respect to the bioavailable zinc (II) ion. In depth structural studies have been performed by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) to fully characterize the copper (I) complexes and the copper (I) clusters formed in solution, to correlate the affinity measurements performed using different analytical techniques and to rationalize structure/ affinity relationships. One of the new chelators has been functionalized to be targeted to the liver cells, where copper (I) overloads are observed when people suffer from the Wilson's disease. The first biological experiments carried out in hepatocytes, have shown that the functionalized chelator (CHEL4) complexes excess copper (I) in cellulo. This study supports the results previously obtained with the functionalized cysteine-based architecture (CHEL2) and thus validates the targeting system. The binding properties of the new tripodal architectures with the mercury (II) ion, bulkier and softer than the copper (I) ion, have also been studied. It has been established that the new chelators also stabilize trigonal environments around the mercury (II) ion. Thus this study has shown how low molecular weight sulphur-based tripodal architectures, judiciously functionalized, are able to adapt stable sulphur-only trigonal environments around the soft metal ions, copper (I) and mercury (II). Such environments reproduce more or less the trigonal binding sites found in copper (I) proteins (Crt1, Mac1, Ace1, COX…), bacteria proteins dedicated to mercury (II) detoxification (Mer-R) and metallothioneins (MTs), which are small cysteine-rich proteins in charge of the detoxification of toxic metal ions in cells. Those structural analogies shared with the biological metallic complexes allow us to rationalize the high affinities of the new tripodal architectures for soft metal ions. In a more extended point of view, this study brings some guidelines of molecular design to elaborate efficient chelators dedicated to the detoxification of soft metal ion in biological media. Keywords: copper (I), zinc (II), mercury (II), Wilson's disease, liver, metal overloads, toxicity, chelators, sulphur-based tripods, cysteine, D-penicillamine (D-PEN), trigonal environments, copper (I) proteins, metallothioneins, Mer-R, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS).