Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1972. / Mimeographed.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1972. / Also available in print.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the last 15 years, growing public awareness of the negative impact of corporate activities has prompted big corporations in the mining, manufacturing and retail sectors to publish reports that communicate their awareness of environmental and social issues. These reports typically take the form of standalone corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports or integrated annual (IA) reports. The publication of these reports is not an isolated event or practice on behalf of each company; the structure and content of the reports are informed by stock exchange policies such as the King Code in South Africa, and reporting frameworks such as the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) on an international level. The nature of corporate social responsibility and CSR reporting has captured the interest of researchers in diverse disciplines. Scholars such as Jones (1995) and Pedersen (2006), working within business and marketing-related fields, have praised CSR reports as a “win-win” concept which encourages corporations to focus on both their financial and social performance. Conversely, scholars such as Banerjee (2003, 2007) and Redclift (2002, 2005) have criticised CSR for being a new form of “greenwashing” and a mechanism that promotes the continued dominance of financially strong institutions. Critical scholars typically adopt a neo-Marxist perspective of neoliberalism and assert that legitimate environmental protection or social transformation and equality cannot take place within the reigning economic paradigm (see Pepper 1984, 1996). This study is a contribution to applied linguistic research into CSR and IA reports, particularly those originating from the Global South. It draws on methods developed within critical discourse analysis (CDA), systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and corpus linguistics to investigate the 2011, 2012 and 2013 CSR and IA reports of six South African companies located in the mining, retail and food manufacturing industries. Drawing on Halliday’s (1978) three metafunctions of texts, Fairclough’s (1989, 2002) three dimensional framework, as well as the Appraisal Framework (White 2001; Martin and White 2005) this study investigates the textual, representational and interpersonal meanings of the selected reports as ones that represent a new, gradually conventionalised genre within modern corporate discourse. In summary, the study contributes to an understanding of CSR and IA reports in three ways: First, it highlights the significant role of the GRI in prescribing, and thus restricting, the structural and discursive features of CSR and IA reports. Second, the study shows how the six companies draw on a limited set of discourses in the reports which all, in some way or another, embed neoliberal ideologies. This suggests that the South African CSR and IA reports function to maintain an established, dominant ideological and discursive order. Third, the degree of reliability of the information in the reports is dependent on how the companies construct themselves in this report. In this regard, the analysis reveals that the companies use a limited set of linguistic resources to construct themselves as strategic, moral and responsible social actors. In a country marked by widespread social inequality and diminishing resources, the findings ultimately suggest that social transformation and environmental protection are unlikely to be achieved if the sustainability discourses of corporate institutions are not publically challenged.

<p>This paper aims to examine the mother tongue subject and it´s existence and condition in a school located in the south of Stockholm. I have performed interviews with four teachers about their opinions and attitudes regarding the mother tongue subject in the school were they work. Two of the teachers are teachers in social studies and two of them are teachers in the mother tongue subject. My aim is also to examine whether an interest exists among the teachers to collaborate in between the subjects and what possibilities and conditions such collaboration would have in effect. I have applied a qualitative method based on personal interviews with semi-structured questions as my data acquisition method. I have also performed document studies to strengthen and support the qualitative interviews. The result, based on the interviews, shows that there was no existing collaboration between the teachers at the time of the interviews. All of the teachers said that they are willing to collaborate and that they believe that such collaboration would be profitable</p>

published_or_final_version / Psychology / Master / Master of Arts

This paper aims to examine the mother tongue subject and it´s existence and condition in a school located in the south of Stockholm. I have performed interviews with four teachers about their opinions and attitudes regarding the mother tongue subject in the school were they work. Two of the teachers are teachers in social studies and two of them are teachers in the mother tongue subject. My aim is also to examine whether an interest exists among the teachers to collaborate in between the subjects and what possibilities and conditions such collaboration would have in effect. I have applied a qualitative method based on personal interviews with semi-structured questions as my data acquisition method. I have also performed document studies to strengthen and support the qualitative interviews. The result, based on the interviews, shows that there was no existing collaboration between the teachers at the time of the interviews. All of the teachers said that they are willing to collaborate and that they believe that such collaboration would be profitable

Orientador: Tania Maria Alkmim / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T07:15:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_MarizaPereirada_M.pdf: 639491 bytes, checksum: b4a63498af557a0815d98d3477eac519 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 / Resumo: Este estudo, na sua amplitude, pauta-se em uma situação de heterogeneidade da língua, tratando em particular de um fenômeno fonético-fonológico da fala da comunidade de Cáceres-MT, a alternância do ditongo nasal final [ãw] pela vogal nasal [õ]. Na tentativa de explicar essa variação, no sentido de esclarecer a extensão e propagação da mudança lingüística, nos valemos do modelo de análise da sociolingüística variacionista, e, através de um tratamento estatístico que subjaz ao modelo, com base em dados coletados da fala da comunidade, procuramos examinar as formas de realização do ditongo, baseando-nos na hipótese que os efeitos exercidos sobre a variação estariam correlacionados a fatores condicionantes lingüísticos e extralingüísticos. Em um estudo sincrônico da variação em foco, aliado a uma perspectiva histórica, procuramos não só averiguar a tendência que o fenômeno apresenta no momento atual, assim como determinar o que teria originado a variante não padrão [õ]. Os resultados apontam para uma variação sustentada por fatores de ordem social, uma vez que os estes foram os principais determinadores da alternância [ãw]~[õ]. Com relação à tendência que o processo de variação apresenta no momento sincrônico, os resultados nos indicam uma mudança em progresso. Sobre a origem da variante não padrão [õ], indícios nos levam a acreditar que se trata de uma variante arcaizante, provavelmente uma herança fonética proveniente dos colonizadores da comunidade - portugueses vindos do Norte de Portugal. Confirmam-se neste estudo a proposta da sociolingüística, no sentido que variáveis lingüísticas e não-lingüísticas operam em um conjunto de correlações que favorecem ou não o emprego de formas variantes. / Abstract: This study, is ruled in a situation of heterogeneity of the language, dealing in peculiar with a phonetic-phonological phenomenon of the speech community of Cáceres-MT, the alternation of the final nasal diphthong [ãw] for the nasal vowel [õ]. In the attempt to explain that variation, in the sense of explaining the extension and propagation of the linguistic change, we used the model of analysis of the variationist sociolinguistics, and, through a statistical treatment that subjected to the model, based on collected data of the community's speech, tried to examine the forms of accomplishment of the diphthong, basing on the hypothesis that the effects exercised about the variation would be correlated to conditionoing linguistic and extralinguistic factors. In a synchronous study of the variation in focus, allied to a historical perspective, we sought not only to discover the tendency that the phenomenon presents in the current moment, as well as determining what would have originated the no pattern variant [õ]. The results indicate a variation sustained by factors of social order, since the social factors were the main cause of the alternation [ãw]~[õ]. Regarding the tendency that the variation process presents in the synchronous moment, the results lead us to a change in progress. About the origin of the no pattern variant [õ], indications make us to believe that it is an archaistic variant, probably originating from phonetic inheritance of the community's settlers - Portuguese originated from the North of Portugal. It is confirmed in this study the proposal of the sociolinguistics in the sense that varied linguistics and extralinguistics operate in a group of correlations that favor or do not favor the use of variant forms. / Mestrado / Mestre em Linguística

Cette étude porte sur la notion de « secret » dans le cadre spécifique de la royauté en Égypte ancienne, ses modalités, ses formes et ses implications structurelles, entre le début de l'Ancien Empire et la fin du Nouvel Empire. Une recherche linguistique des termes égyptiens se traduisant par « secret » et « privé » ainsi que leurs synonymes  les plus usités étant (s)StA, waaw, Dsrw, jmn et HAp  complétée par une étude prosopographique a permis de déterminer quelles catégories d'individus avaient accès aux « secrets » et aux affaires privées de la royauté et dans quelles situations la préservation de ces « secrets » était exigée. Ce privilège se discerne alors au travers des services effectués auprès du monarque, que ce soit l’accomplissement de certains rites ou une affaire qui requiert simplement de la discrétion. Les titres et épithètes mentionnant un ou plusieurs de ces termes à connotation confidentielle, et notamment ceux qui sont introduits par Hry-sStA « le préposé aux secrets », témoignent du rôle de leurs titulaires auprès du roi, son culte et sa politique. Certains individus avaient également accès aux parties les plus secrètes du palais, que ce soit pour une consultation privée concernant une affaire d'État ou l'accomplissement de rites spécifiques associés à la personne royale. Chacune de ces situations révèle la volonté des dignitaires proches du souverain de préserver le caractère sacré de la fonction royale. L'étude de ces espaces confidentiels permettent ainsi de mieux comprendre l'organisation de la vie ritualisée du souverain afin d'obtenir une meilleure perception du fonctionnement du pouvoir dans l'Égypte ancienne. / This study deals with the concept of « secret », in the specific context of kingship in Ancient Egypt, focusing on its requirements, its forms and its structural implications, from the beginning of the Old Kingdom until the end of the New Kingdom. A linguistic research on the Egyptian terms translating as « secret » and « private » and their synonyms  (s)StA, waaw, Dsrw, jmn et HAp being the most common , which is complemented by a prosopographic study, enabled us to pinpoint the different categories of individuals who had access to the « secrets » and private affairs of the Egyptian kingship and what conditions were required to maintain secrecy. Then this privilege must have implied a real participation in the personal tasks performed for the king, whether these were rituals or affairs calling for discretion. The officials’ titles involving secrecy and knowledge of specific private rules, in particular the Hry-sStA title « he who is in charge of secrets », indicate the field of responsabilities and of activities of their holders in the king's entourage, in the king’s cult and in state administration. Some individuals could access to the restricted areas of the royal apartments, for a private consultation related to state affairs or in order to perform rites or ceremonies associated with the king. Each of these situations displays the determination of these officials, close to the king, to preserve the sanctity of the royal office. Studying these areas of confidentiality allows a better understanding of the pharaoh’s personal and ritualized life, in order to improve our perception of the functioning of royal power in Ancient Egypt.

<p>Recreation leaders on youth recreation centres is a professional category, mostly mentioned in the public conversation when it comes to taxes and youth problems. But what do they really do, what outlook do they have to their task, and finally, how are their daily lives like at work? </p><p>The stories of twelve people represent the basis of this essay which itself consists of two separate studies. Six professional recreation leaders speak about their view of their own work, based on background, mission, education, ethics and position. The recreation leaders´stories reflect a worksituation with meetings of great significance andimportant standpoints. </p><p>In the latter part of the second study we meet six young people who regurlarly visit the centre. The reader will get a picture of how these young people apprehend the recreation centre and how they are treated and received at the centre. The conversations touch upon both the visible and invisible. </p><p>Our purpose has been to discuss the professional role of the leaders with the help of the two parties involved. That is: the visitors´ and the recreation leaders´ stories. In order to do this we have used a professional-theoretic perspective, which means that we concentrate on aspects, such as; commision, education and ethical attitudes. </p><p>The essay aims towards the discussion whether the professional-theoretic perspect ive is possible to apply to the profession itself or not. Furthermore, the professional-theoretic perspective and relations to the visitors is discussed both on an individual- and a community level.</p> / <p>Fritidsledare på fritidsgård är en yrkesgrupp som nästan enbart nämns i det offentliga samtalet när det gäller nedskärningar eller ungdomsproblem. Men vad gör de egentligen, hur ser de på sin uppgift och hur ser deras vardag ut? </p><p>Tolv personers berättelser utgör grunden för denna uppsats som består av två studier. Sex yrkesverksamma fritidsledare talar om sin syn på det egna yrket, utifrån teman som egen bakgrund, uppdrag, utbildning, etik och position. Fritidsledarnas berättelser speglar en arbetssituation full av betydelsefulla möten och viktiga ställningstaganden. I den andra delen möter vi sex fritidsgårdsbesökare. Läsaren får en bild av hur fritidsgårdsbesökare uppfattar fritidsgården och hur de bemöts av fritidsledarna. Samtalen berör både det synliga och det osynliga. </p><p>Vårt syfte har varit att med hjälp av fritidsledarnas och fritidsgårdsbesökarnas berättelser diskutera fritidsledarens yrkesroll. För att göra detta använder vi oss av ett professionsteoretiskt perspektiv, vilket innebär att vi tittar på aspekter som uppdrag, utbildning och etiska förhållningssätt. </p><p>Uppsatsen leder fram till en diskussion kring huruvida det professionsteoretiska perspektivet går att applicera på fritidsledaryrket. Dessutom diskuteras yrkesgruppens förhållningssätt och relation till sin omgivning både på en individ- och samhällsnivå. </p>

Recreation leaders on youth recreation centres is a professional category, mostly mentioned in the public conversation when it comes to taxes and youth problems. But what do they really do, what outlook do they have to their task, and finally, how are their daily lives like at work? The stories of twelve people represent the basis of this essay which itself consists of two separate studies. Six professional recreation leaders speak about their view of their own work, based on background, mission, education, ethics and position. The recreation leaders´stories reflect a worksituation with meetings of great significance andimportant standpoints. In the latter part of the second study we meet six young people who regurlarly visit the centre. The reader will get a picture of how these young people apprehend the recreation centre and how they are treated and received at the centre. The conversations touch upon both the visible and invisible. Our purpose has been to discuss the professional role of the leaders with the help of the two parties involved. That is: the visitors´ and the recreation leaders´ stories. In order to do this we have used a professional-theoretic perspective, which means that we concentrate on aspects, such as; commision, education and ethical attitudes. The essay aims towards the discussion whether the professional-theoretic perspect ive is possible to apply to the profession itself or not. Furthermore, the professional-theoretic perspective and relations to the visitors is discussed both on an individual- and a community level. / Fritidsledare på fritidsgård är en yrkesgrupp som nästan enbart nämns i det offentliga samtalet när det gäller nedskärningar eller ungdomsproblem. Men vad gör de egentligen, hur ser de på sin uppgift och hur ser deras vardag ut? Tolv personers berättelser utgör grunden för denna uppsats som består av två studier. Sex yrkesverksamma fritidsledare talar om sin syn på det egna yrket, utifrån teman som egen bakgrund, uppdrag, utbildning, etik och position. Fritidsledarnas berättelser speglar en arbetssituation full av betydelsefulla möten och viktiga ställningstaganden. I den andra delen möter vi sex fritidsgårdsbesökare. Läsaren får en bild av hur fritidsgårdsbesökare uppfattar fritidsgården och hur de bemöts av fritidsledarna. Samtalen berör både det synliga och det osynliga. Vårt syfte har varit att med hjälp av fritidsledarnas och fritidsgårdsbesökarnas berättelser diskutera fritidsledarens yrkesroll. För att göra detta använder vi oss av ett professionsteoretiskt perspektiv, vilket innebär att vi tittar på aspekter som uppdrag, utbildning och etiska förhållningssätt. Uppsatsen leder fram till en diskussion kring huruvida det professionsteoretiska perspektivet går att applicera på fritidsledaryrket. Dessutom diskuteras yrkesgruppens förhållningssätt och relation till sin omgivning både på en individ- och samhällsnivå.