Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / Global Load Control (GLC) is a three-centre network with offices in Cape Town (South Africa), Brno (Czech Republic) and Istanbul (Turkey) that provides Weight&Balance services to its parent company, Lufthansa, and other airlines. The strategic direction of GLC includes growth in terms of expanding its customer base and target market as well as diversification into other services in the field of Ground Operations. Many of the airlines are re-evaluating their business model and service offering in order to increase their profitability and competitiveness in an industry that is going through a period of transformation. Historically, the industry has seen very small profit margins, which are expected to remain under immense pressure due to difficult macroeconomic conditions and strong competition. The human capital of GLC and the knowledge that exists within the organisation were identified as strategic assets during the strategy process. The shift towards a knowledge-driven economy and the importance of the ´knowledge worker´ has been acknowledged by scholars as well as the business community. Since then, ways to manage knowledge work and the productivity of the knowledge worker have received lots of attention. However, due to the contextual and subjective dimensions of knowledge, no blueprint exists for its successful implementation. The aim of the paper was to identify the contribution of knowledge management to the managerial process of positioning Global Load Control for strategic effectiveness. The research confirmed the growing recognition of the relevance of tacit knowledge as well as the importance of social capital to the organisational knowledge and intellectual capital, respectively. Important and relevant knowledge were found to be tacit and often lying in the action itself, which makes it difficult to codify and share with other employees. Strategic effectiveness of Global Load Control ultimately was found to be the ability to continuously support the customers in increasing their competitiveness, thereby creating strong ties with GLC as a business partner. This included the ability to maintain or increase its cost effectiveness and identifying new ways for the customer to gain an advantage. The research revealed that parts of the knowledge required for achieving this lie with the customer, which implied that they had to be integrated into the organisation´s knowledge base. Knowledge creation was found to be central in utilising GLC´s human capital to increase its intellectual capital. The importance of the social dimension, both internally and externally, was shown throughout the paper and found to be the linking element. Not ignoring the role and contribution of the physical infrastructure to the process of knowledge sharing, HR practices and policies play a vital role in creating enabling conditions for knowledge sharing and building of social capital, which are prerequisites for the creation of organisational knowledge and the development of GLC´s intellectual capital. Rather than being a stand-alone process, knowledge management is to be seen as a philosophy that provides valuable insights and gives guidance to the managerial processes of an organisation. When viewed as an integral part of the business, knowledge management can greatly contribute to positioning the organisation for strategic effectiveness. However, for this to happen, the subjective, dynamic and contextual nature of knowledge has to be acknowledged and the impact of factors such as organisational culture and learning styles be researched and integrated into the knowledge management strategy. The findings in this paper apply to the organisation researched only. However, it contributed to the body of knowledge by complementing the theoretical frameworks around knowledge management and intellectual capital with practical findings. It thus supports other organisations in identifying suitable research approaches and topics in their own organisation and allows academics to refine and question current concepts and thereby continue to develop our understanding of knowledge management.

O presente trabalho reúne elementos que possibilitarão entender e aplicar alguns aspectos de mensuração e controle de uso de recursos em desenvolvimento de produtos na área automotiva. Trata-se de um tema em que tenho participado ativamente do grupo internacional formado com esta finalidade e que agora, após seis anos de trabalho, consolidações e análises, estamos chegando à consolidação de todo o modelo. A preocupação do texto está focada na explicação do conceito, seus procedimentos visando o controle de recursos aplicados desde a estimativa até o controle dos gastos reais destes recursos. O texto também apresenta resultados de uma simulação de modelo que está em desenvolvimento a ser utilizado com esta finalidade de estimativas, controle e gerenciamento de recursos. Além do cumprimento da formalidade, este texto tem a pretensão de transmitir alguns aspectos de experiência prática no controle de recursos em desenvolvimento de projetos, vividos pelo autor, para futuras necessidades, quer sejam aplicados no setor automobilístico, quer sejam em quaisquer outros segmentos com as devidas análises e adaptações. / This report is a collection of elements that will permit to understand and apply some measurements and controls in relation to resources applied for methodology of products development inside the automotive area. The main reason of this text is to keep the focus in the concepts and their procedures to control the resources to be applied, since the estimates until the actual expenses control. This text also presents the results of one model simulation that is being in development with the objective of resources estimates, control and management decisions. Besides the formal target of this course, this text aims to be useful and to transmit some practical experience from the author with resources control related to projects development, for any kind of futures needs to be applied for automotive segment or other ones with necessary analyses and due changes.

Free-flowing water currents such as tides and unregulated water courses could contribute to world electricity production given the emergence of robust technical solutions for extracting the energy. At Uppsala University, a concept for converting the energy in water currents to electricity using a vertical axis turbine with fixed blade-pitch and a direct-drive permanent magnet generator is studied. Technological equipment for extracting energy from water currents can be studied at desktop to some extent, but physical realizations, first in a laboratory setting, and later in a natural aquatic setting, are necessary. For this reason, a laboratory generator has been constructed and evaluated, and an experimental setup comprising turbine, generator and control system has been constructed. The turbine and generator are to be deployed in the Dalälven River in Söderfors, and operated from an on-land control station. The author has worked with constructing and evaluating the low-speed laboratory generator, participated in the design and construction of the Söderfors generator, and designed and constructed the control system for Söderfors. The generator design incorporates a low rotational speed, permanent magnets, and many poles, in order to adapt the generator to the nature of water currents. Simulations and experimental data for the laboratory prototype have been compared and show that the simulation tool used is adequate for design studies of this type of generator. The generator has also been shown to be able to operate with the intended turbine design and range of water velocities. The control system to be used in Söderfors has been tested in a laboratory environment. Simulations of the control system show that it should be able to operate the turbine and generator at the desired rotational speeds in water velocities up to about 1.8 m/s. Simulations of the system have also shown that maximizing system power output may not correspond with maximizing turbine power.

For over ten years the Western Basin of Lake Erie has been plagued by significant harmful algal blooms (HABs). Lake Erie is a body of water situated between the United States of America (USA) and Canada. The lake provides water to approximately 40 million people and is a considerable source of economic value. The Western Basin of Lake Erie is highly prone to HABs due to the shallow depth and large phosphorus (P) loads received from the large area of agricultural land surrounding the lake and its tributaries. HABs cause extensive ecosystem degradation, have multiple negative health impacts, and cause significant economic losses for the tourism and fishery industries. Five products with P load reducing properties from the three nutrient control categories (biological, physical, and chemical) were chosen to determine how effective their P load reduction pathways were. Additionally, these products were analyzed to determine if they could generate positive remediation effects on the Lake Erie HAB. Of these five products, the technologies Water 3.0 and PO4 Sponge were applied to a Western Basin HAB model generated using the Stella Professional software from ISEE Systems. The two products were modeled individually and collectively to compare the application effects on the HAB model. The model results illustrate the significant reduction in P load and HAB extent that the application of these products at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and within waterways could have. The application of both products at multiple locations within the model showed the greatest P load reduction and nearly eliminated the HAB extent. Unfortunately, the residual P from extensive historical P loading into the lake would prevent such a significant reduction from occurring for over a decade. Current practices and regulations in the Lake Erie Basin are not stimulating P load reductions significant enough to remediate the HAB. As the Western Basin HAB continues to occur annually, the waste stream produced by the HAB remains unutilized. Implementing new and innovative technologies in the basin can generate high quality commodity streams out of the wasted biological algal matter. Meanwhile the implementation of new technologies and practices can help reduce the HAB to a smaller size that would have smaller negative impacts to the economy, health, and ecology.

O presente trabalho reúne elementos que possibilitarão entender e aplicar alguns aspectos de mensuração e controle de uso de recursos em desenvolvimento de produtos na área automotiva. Trata-se de um tema em que tenho participado ativamente do grupo internacional formado com esta finalidade e que agora, após seis anos de trabalho, consolidações e análises, estamos chegando à consolidação de todo o modelo. A preocupação do texto está focada na explicação do conceito, seus procedimentos visando o controle de recursos aplicados desde a estimativa até o controle dos gastos reais destes recursos. O texto também apresenta resultados de uma simulação de modelo que está em desenvolvimento a ser utilizado com esta finalidade de estimativas, controle e gerenciamento de recursos. Além do cumprimento da formalidade, este texto tem a pretensão de transmitir alguns aspectos de experiência prática no controle de recursos em desenvolvimento de projetos, vividos pelo autor, para futuras necessidades, quer sejam aplicados no setor automobilístico, quer sejam em quaisquer outros segmentos com as devidas análises e adaptações. / This report is a collection of elements that will permit to understand and apply some measurements and controls in relation to resources applied for methodology of products development inside the automotive area. The main reason of this text is to keep the focus in the concepts and their procedures to control the resources to be applied, since the estimates until the actual expenses control. This text also presents the results of one model simulation that is being in development with the objective of resources estimates, control and management decisions. Besides the formal target of this course, this text aims to be useful and to transmit some practical experience from the author with resources control related to projects development, for any kind of futures needs to be applied for automotive segment or other ones with necessary analyses and due changes.

This thesis deals with the control system of two-seater aircraft corresponding to CS-23 Level 2. First load calculations of each control surface are performed using the proses described in previous CS-23 regulation. This load is calculated trought the steering mechanism to control elements in cockpit. The resulting forces on the control elements are compared with the requi-rements in CS-23. Because the steering forces meets requirements is not necessary to propose changes in steering kinematics. However, there are further suggested ways of adjusting the control in case the external load would increase during further development of the airplane. At the end, the strength calculation of entire mechanism is preformed.

No description available.

Demand Side Management (DSM) is a term coined to describe the control of demand to optimize energy usage in a way beneficial to both users and utilities. There are different technologies and policies designed for DSM, and one of them is Direct Load Control (DLC) which refers to a utility directly controlling demand. In this thesis, an analysis of DLC for air conditioning units during summer in the Indian state of Karnataka is carried out. A new control mechanism is proposed, based on the local generation capacity, which seems to reduce until the monsoon season arrives, as the lack of rain reduces water levels in hydro power plants. The direct load control of ACs using this mechanism allows for 0.88% energy savings in a state where only around 5% of all households seem to have AC units and electricity is available for only 37% of the population. The mentioned savings could have significant economic impacts for both users and utilities, reduce the fossil-based energy consumption and/or improve issues such as blackouts and the lack of capacity to cover peak loads. Continuous improvements in both energy access and the economic conditions of the state will lead to a larger number of AC’s installed, meaning that a mechanism that reduces AC consumption could be of great utility for all stakeholders of the electricity sector. / Styrning av Efterfrågan (från Demand Side Management, DSM) är ett begrepp som myntats för att beskriva konsumtionskontroll för att optimera energianvändning på ett sätt som är fördelaktigt för både användare och samhällsservice. Det finns olika tekniker och taktiker utformade för DSM, och en av dem är Direkt Belastningskontroll (från Direct Load Control, DLC), vilket är ett verktyg för att direkt kontrollera efterfrågan. I denna avhandling genomförs en analys av DLC för luftkonditioneringsenheter under sommaren i den indiska delstaten Karnataka. En ny kontrollmekanism föreslås baserat på den lokala produktionskapaciteten, som verkar minska fram tills monsunsäsongen, eftersom bristen på regn minskar vattennivån i vattenkraftverk. Den direkta belastningskontrollen hos luftkonditioneringsenheter med denna mekanism möjliggör en energibesparing på 0,88% i ett stadium där endast cirka 5% av alla hushåll tycks ha luftkonditionering och elektricitet är tillgängligt för endast 37% av befolkningen. De nämnda besparingarna kan ha betydande ekonomiska effekter för både användare och samhällsservice, minska den fossilbaserade energiförbrukningen och/eller förbättra problem som strömavbrott och brist på kapacitet för att täcka toppbelastningar. Ständiga förbättringar av både energitillgång och de ekonomiska förhållandena i staten kommer att leda till att ett större antal luftkonditioneringsenheter installeras, vilket innebär att en mekanism som minskar konsumtionen hos luftkonditioneringsenheterna kan vara till stor nytta för alla intressenter i elsektorn.

This Master’s thesis has been carried out within the subject area of Production Development and Management and aims to reduce internal lead times in make-to-order (MTO) and job-shop production environments with the use of identified theoretical methods. The reason this particular production environment was chosen was the flexibility and satisfaction it provides its customers. Today, customers expect customised products, a situation which causes problems for manufacturers as they are unable to produce such products in large amounts. In order to investigate problems with these kinds of environments and the causes for long lead times, we have conducted a literature study where we identified the problems these particular kinds of production environments experience regarding production planning and control which are related to the immense amount of time consumed by changeovers because of high demand variance and high requirements for customisation. To affirm the theoretical findings, we opted to undertake a case study and chose Talent Plastics Gislaved AB as our case, because this company utilises an MTO and job-shop production environment for its production of highly customised products with high demand variance. In the analysis of our case, we found that the wastes in the organisation were similar to those identified in the theoretical findings. The current planning system and the current state of the manufacturing lead time system were evaluated and a theoretical framework using a combination of lean production, work load control and constant work-in-process theories was suggested. We claim that concentrating on the reduction of setup times can lead the job-shop towards drastically decreased lead times and a much more effective use of time throughout the organisation. Because the organisation will continue to face problems due to the ever-increasing demand variance and requirements for customisation, there are plenty of opportunities for further research in these kinds of production environments. Emerging theories, such as quick response manufacturing, may also be tested to construct an efficient framework.

För att pådriva utvecklingen mot ett mer hållbart Gävle kommer Gävle Energi AB implementera en ny säsongsbaserad kapacitetsmodell ifrån årsskiftet 2019. Som ska skapa ekonomiska incitament för energieffektivisering i fastigheter inom Gävles fjärrvärmenät. Denna studie kartlägger värmeenergianvändningen i en fastighet som riskerar en förhöjd totalkostnad för fjärrvärmen till följd av den nya prismodellen. Målet med studien är att reducera värmeenergianvändningen utan att investera i fastigheten, vilket möjliggörs genom att värmeenergitillförseln till fastigheten regleras. Genom att programmera ett års historisk data av temperaturer, solinstrålning, el- och värmeeffekter så prognostiseras värmetillförseln på samma sätt som fastighetens styrsystem Kabona Eco-pilot. Styrsystemet tillämpar en flytande inomhustemperatur vilket bidrar till att fastighetens värmetröghet inkluderas i värmeregleringen. Studien inkluderar två prognoser som jämförs med den verkliga värmeenergianvändningen och den nya kapacitetsprismodellen. Prognos 1 är baserad på en årscykel och prognos 2 baseras på intervallet november 2017 till mars 2018. Syftet med prognos 2 är att tillämpa en strategisk värmelaststyrning för att sänka värmekapacitetsbehovet vid -10˚C. Prognos 1 indikerar att en värmeenergibesparing på 26% kan uppnås. Prognosen tar hänsyn till solinstrålning och vissa delar utav den interna värmegenereringen. Utan att Diös fastigheter AB investerat i några energibesparingsåtgärder prognostiseras en besparing på 44 700SEK under ett års drift. Fastigheten har idag energiprestanda energiklass D och kommer efter besparingen att kunna uppnå energiklass C. Prognos 2 indikerar att en kapacitetsreducering kan uppnås motsvarande 46,1% samtidigt som den rörliga värmeenergianvändningen minskar. Totalt sett finns en besparingspotential på 47,8% och 216 700 SEK under perioden 2017-11-01 till 2018-03-31, dock med följd att inomhustemperaturen sjunker. / In order to continue the development towards a more sustainable city of Gävle, Gävle Energi AB will implement a new season-based capacity model by the year 2019. It creates economic incentives for energy efficiency in real estate’s within Gävle's district heating network. This report investigates how the heat energy is used for a building that risks an increased heat energy cost, due to the new pricing model. The aim of the study is to reduce the heat energy usage without investing in the building, which is made possible by regulating the thermal energy supply to the building. By programming one year of historical data of temperatures, solar radiation, power- and heat effects the heat supply is forecasted the same way as the building's control system Kabona Eco-pilot is working. The control system applies a floating indoor temperature, which contribute that the thermal inertia of the building is included in the heat load control. The study includes two forecasts that are compared to the actual heat energy use and the new capacity price model. Forecast 1 is based on an annual cycle and forecast 2 is based on the range of November 2017 to Mars 2018. The aim of forecast 2 is to apply a strategic heat load control to reduce the heat capacity needed at -10˚C. Forecast 1 indicates a potential heat energy saving of 26% even though Diös Fastigheter AB does not invest in any energy saving technology. A saving of approximately 44 700 SEK is forecasted for the annual cycle. The building has an energy class D and has the potential to achieve energy class C after the change of control system parameters. Forecast 2 indicates a potential capacity reduction corresponding to 46,1% while the variable heat energy consumption decreases. Overall, there is an approximated heat energy saving potential of 47,8%, which corresponds to 216 700 SEK, during the range of 2017-11-01 to 2018-03-31. Due to the consequence of a lower indoor temperature.