En IT-styrd lager och orderhantering är idag vanligt, metoden för att ta emot leveranser har dock sett likadan ut länge. Man använder sig oftast av streckkoder/QR-koder eller rent manuell hantering med penna och papper. Radio frequency identification (RFID) möjliggör en trådlös och autonom avläsning av gods som är taggade. Tekniken har funnits länge men har under senaste år visats sig få en mer positiv trend, där mer och mer objekt blir taggade. Samarbetspartnern i denna studie Fiskarhedenvillan använder sig idag av ett helt manuellt system för inleveranser av gods på deras distributionscentral. De vill nu börja deras digitalisering av distributionscentralen genom att undersöka möjligheten att införa ett RFID-system som metod för hantering av gods vid inleveranser. Denna studie har i samarbete med Sogeti och Fiskarhedenvillan genomförts för att identifiera möjligheter och faktorer och undersöka ifall en implementation är möjlig. Intervjuer har genomförts med nyckelpersoner inom vad som kallats ”världens bästa RFID-projekt”. Från slutsatserna identifieras ett antal utmaningar kring processer av flöden som måste uppdateras för att kunna dra full nytta utav ett RFID-system. Vidare så blir RFID teknik som metod för inleverans av gods sällan mer effektivt, man måste också börja kolla på arbetssätt och börja utveckla de nuvarande processerna för att kunna utnyttja fördelarna med RFID. Då möjligheten att gardera sig mot en icke fulländad logistik-kedja med kombinerad tagg/streckkods-etikett samtidigt som mer och mer blir taggat gör det att RFID-system blir mer direkt användbara. Implementeringar underlättas av befintliga beprövade standarder. Kritiska faktorer att beakta inför implementering innebär bland annat omgivningsanalys och att implementeringar utav RFID-system ofta har stor inverkan på hela kedjan. Vidare identifieras möjligheter som tidigare beprövade system och en positiv trend för implementeringar inom RFID-tekniken. / An IT-controlled warehouse and order management is today common, however, the method for receiving deliveries has looked the same for a long time. You usually use bar codes / QR codes or purely manual handling with pen and paper. Radio frequency identification (RFID) enables a wireless and autonomous reading of goods that have been tagged. The technology has been aorund for a long time but has been shown to have a more positive trend in recent years, where more and more objects are being tagged. The partner in this study Fiskarhedenvillan today uses a completely manual system for deliveries of goods at their distibution center. They now want to start their digitalization of the distribution center by examining the posibility of introducing an RFID-system as a method for hondling goods at deliveries. This study, in collaboration with Sogeti and Fiskarhedenvillan, has been carried out to identify opportunities and factors and to investigate wether an implemantation is possible. Interviews have been conducted with key personell within what has been called ”the world’s best RFID project”. From the conclusions, a number of challenges are identified around processes of flows that must be updated to be able to take full advantage of an RFID system. Futhermore, RFID technology as a method for receiving goods rarely becomes more efficient unless the processes between flows are changed or updated, and the working methods should also be looked upon to be able to utilize the advantages of RFID. Since the possibility of gourding against an uncompleted logistics chain with a combined tag / barcode label at the same time as more and more objects are being tagged, it makes RFID systems more directly usable. Implementations are facilitated by existing proven standards. Critical factors to consider prior to implementation include environmental analysis and that implementations of RFID systems often have a great impact on the entire chain. Furthermore, opportunities are identified as previously proven systems and a positive trend for implementations in the RFID field.

This Diploma Thesis deals with the logistics chain of flowers and its individual components. The aim is to characterize the whole chain of flowers and to describe its components - from the grower to the retailer - and to suggest options for streamlining, mostly from the ecological perspective. The influence of different means of transport and heated greenhouses on the environment is evaluated through carbon footprint calculations. Part of the work is also devoted to the characteristics of the flower industry in the Czech Republic. The thesis came to the conclusion that the best is to transport flowers by ship, it is good for their quality and the less harmful for the environment. The second best choice is rail, also with very good quality of flowers and then the road and airplane, which is still less harmful to the environment than growing flowers in heated greenhouses.

The thesis „The Inventory Management of Trading Company” deals with the issue of material flow and inventory management. In the introductory part of the thesis, the theoretical basis of supply logistics in a logistics chain, the issue of inventory, its storage and in particular its management have been defined. In the second part, inventory management in a logistics center of a company has been analyzed. In the last part, the solutions for improving inventory management of a company, mainly in terms of reduction of the amount, have been proposed.

This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of external risk factors consequences on goods regard to its characteristics, length and complexity of transport chains in national and international transport. This thesis looks at the methods of protection of goods together with process of loading, reloading, unloading, packaging, labelling, stowing and securing of goods for transportation, storage and handling. In the end it deals with the logistics chain of chocolate and its raw materials pointing at stress risks and its protection. The first chapter describes the significance of international transport and it defines goods characteristics, external risk factors and transport chains. The second chapter deals with technologies in logistics. The third and fourth chapter study packaging and system of protection. The fifth chapter contains information about cargo stowing and securing in means of transport. The last chapter deals with logistics chain of chocolate and its raw materials, starting with growing cocoa beans in Africa and ending in Czech retail store.

The constant needs for the reduction of companies operational costs has transformed Inventory into a targeted source for this end by upper management. The high investment value that it represents for organizations, aside from the immediate contribution to cash flow, when it is reduced, allows inventory to be a source of strategic advantage. The objective of this study is to understand the behavior of independent variables such as production cycletime or lead-time, daily demand rate of finished product and the interval between production orders and their effects on the determination of an inventory policy. The study is performed in a manufacturing company that produces intermittent, repetitive small batches and a large variety of products. Cash flow techniques are applied to detail the production processes and respective planning. The historical data of mentioned variables refer to the period from January 2000 to February 2002. These data are used to develop the calculations of safety stock and average and maximum stock from the viewpoint of the management approach in Replenishment Point and Periodically Review. The real application of the data available from the company is studied to calculate the inventory policy. It is concluded that, in spite of the adoption of a sophisticated mechanism of production planning and a strong culture of measurements by the company, the statistical data of fundamental variables are not utilized systematically to determine the inventory policy. This fact confirms the thesis that inventory reductions, in general, are circumstantial and is not supported by fundamental techniques. / A constante necessidade de redução dos custos operacionais das empresas tem transformado o Inventário em fonte preferencial, para este fim, pela alta administração. O alto valor de investimento que ele representa para as organizações, além da contribuição imediata no fluxo de caixa, quando da sua redução, faz com que o inventário seja uma fonte de vantagem competitiva.O objetivo deste estudo é compreender o comportamento das variáveis independentes como tempo de ciclo da produção ou lead-time, taxa diária de demanda do item de produto acabado e tempo de intervalo entre ordens de produção, e os seus efeitos no cálculo de uma política de inventário.O estudo é realizado em uma empresa de manufatura de produção intermitente repetitiva em lotes de pequenas quantidades e grande variedade de produtos.Técnicas de fluxo de valor são aplicadas para detalhamento dos processos de produção e do seu respectivo planejamento. Os dados históricos das variáveis mencionadas referem-se ao período de janeiro de 2000 a fevereiro de 2002. Com estes dados, desenvolvem-se os cálculos de estoque de segurança, estoque médio e máximo,sob a óptica das abordagens de gerenciamento por Ponto de Reposição e Revisão Periódica. Analisa-se a real aplicação dos dados disponíveis na empresa, para o cálculo da política de inventário. Conclui-se que apesar de ser adotado mecanismo sofisticado de planejamento de produção e haver uma forte cultura de medições por parte da empresa, os dados estatísticos das variáveis fundamentais não são utilizados de forma sistemática para o cálculo da política de inventário. Este fato confirma a tese de que as reduções de inventário, de uma maneira geral, são circunstanciais e não sustentadas por fundamentos técnicos.

Contents of this diploma thesis is creating of the simulation model of the logistic chain of the internal transport to evaluation of the impacts of the projected changes of the parameters of the logistic chain. The simulation model is created in Plant Simulation software by association Siemens PLM Software. An analysis of the discussed area is also included in the thesis. With the help of the simulation model it is tested if the modification of the logistic chain elements has positive impact on important characteristics of production of the given area. Conclusion are made from the results of the experiments and a modification of the logistic chain is suggested.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of packaging management. Using methods employed in logistics and modeling tool ARIS, the analysis will examine the current situation and its related problem areas. Subsequently, there will be designed such a management concept that would eliminate these areas in order to make the management process streamline, automate and to lead to overall reduction in logistics costs.

[pt] O programa Operador Econômico Autorizado (OEA) surgiu no Brasil em 2014 e compreende uma parceria integrada entre alfândega e empresa, incentivando o comércio legítimo. Porém, há um grande potencial de crescimento a ser explorado, pois a maioria das empresas envolvidas na cadeia logística internacional não aderiram ao programa. Este trabalho fornece um amplo estudo de pesquisa realizado sobre o programa OEA, contribuindo para a comunidade acadêmica pois, através da metodologia de pesquisa pela revisão sistemática da literatura, foi possível realizar uma matriz de conceito OEA, traçar uma linha do tempo com os principais marcos até OEA no Brasil, identificar os tipos de operadores OEA diferentes no mundo, descobrir o perfil das empresas operadoras brasileiras credenciadas ao OEA e sintetizar e analisar os benefícios encontrados no mundo em 12 macro benefícios. Como contribuição para a gestão das empresas, foram identificadas as principais características e modalidades da certificação OEA, como se tornar um operador OEA e, principalmente, foram analisados os vários benefícios encontrados, sendo possível recomendar que estas empresas devam aderir ao programa como operadores seguros e confiáveis, usufruindo das vantagens estabelecidas no OEA. Através da metodologia de pesquisa de estudo de caso a partir de dados secundários, este trabalho contribui para as autoridades aduaneiras, ao analisar e comparar as dificuldades dos programas OEA mundo e as perspectivas futuras destes programas e, como objetivo principal deste trabalho, sugerir oportunidades para aperfeiçoamento do programa OEA Brasil para elevá-lo a um novo patamar de maturidade e excelência. / [en] The Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) program emerged in Brazil in 2014 and comprises an integrated partnership between customs and the company, encouraging legitimate trade. However, there is great potential for growth to be explored, since most companies involved in the international logistics chain have not joined the program. This general work a broad research study carried out on the AEO program, contributing to the academic community because, through the research methodology of the systematic literature review, it was possible to carry out an AEO concept matrix, to draw a timeline with the main milestones to AEO in Brazil, identify the types of AEO operators that are different in the world, discover the profile of the brazilian operating companies accredited to the AEO and summarize and analyze the benefits found in the world in 12 macro benefits. As a contribution to the management of companies, the main characteristics and modalities of AEO certification were identified, such as becoming an AEO operator and, mainly, the various benefits found were analyzed, making it possible to recommend that these companies should join the program as safe and secure operators, enjoying harvests in the AEO. Through the case research methodology from secondary data, this work contributes to the customs authorities, by analyzing and comparing the difficulties of the AEO world programs and as future perspectives of these programs and, as the main objective of this work, suggesting opportunities for improving the AEO Brasil program to raise it to a new level of maturity and excellence.